• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an education program on safety perception, safety control, autonomy and accountability in clinical nurses. Precedent cases related to patient safety were used in the education program. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures was used. Participants in the study, 72 nurses in the experimental group, 71 nurses in the control group, were enrolled for 3 months. The education program was composed of the 20 precedent cases related to patient safety from home and foreign countries. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: Safety perception (p=.000), Safety control (p=.000), attitude toward autonomy (p=.000), and attitude toward accountability (p=.000) improved after the education program. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that an education program using precedent cases is an efficient method to improve behavior and change attitudes towards protecting patients' safety and preventing malpractice claims against nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was done to analyze the concept of accountability. Method: This study adopts a methode of Walker and Avant(1995) for analysis. Result: The defining attributes of accountability are obligation(competency, implementation) of justification, explanation, reporting and disclosure one's action to whom, acception of the evaluation and sanction against results of one's action. The antecedents of accountability are competency, knowledge, skills, values, duty, obligation, authority, empowerment, responsibility, autonomy. The consequences are public safety, improvement of professionalism & healthcare quality, partnership and stress & strain. Conclusions: It is required to develop the ethical concept and theory construction for accountability.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.29
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• pp.175-223
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• 2011

A university is an organization charged with publicity and has accountability to the community for the operating process. Students account for a majority of members in a university. In universities, numerous creatures are pouring out every year and university students are major producers of these records. However, roles and functions of university students producing enormous amount of records as main agents of universities and focused concentration on produced records have not been made yet. It is reality that from the archival point of view, the importance of produced records of which main agents are university students has been relatively underestimated. In this background, this study attempted approach in archival point of view on records produced by university students, main agents. There are various types of records that university students produce such as records produced in the process of research and teaching as well as records produced in the process of various autonomy activities like clubs, students' associations. This study especially focused on university student autonomy activity process and placed emphasis on accountability securing measures on autonomy activity process of university students. To secure accountability of activities, records management should be based. Therefore, as a way to ensure accountability of unversity students autonomy activity, we tried to present records management systematization and records utilization measures. For this, a student body, a university student autonomy organization was analyzed and a student body of Myongji University Humanities Campus was selected as a specific target. First, to identify records management status, activities and organization and functions of the student body, we conducted an interview with the president of the student body. Through this, we analyzed the activities of the university student body and examined the necessity of accountability accordingly. Also, we derived the types and characteristics of records to be produced at each stage by analyzing the organization and functions of the student body of Myongji University. Like this, after deriving the types of production records according to the necessity, organization and functions of accountability and activities of the student body, we analyzed records management status of the present student body. First, to identify the general process status of activities of the student body, we analyzed activity process by stage of the student body of Myongji University. And we analyzed records management method of the student body and responsibility principal and conducted real condition analysis. Through this analysis, we presented the measures to ensure accountability of a university student body in three categories such as systematization of records management process, establishment of records management infrastructure, accountability guarantee measures. This study discussed accountability on society by analyzing activities and functions of a student body, targeting a student body, an autonomy organization of university students. And as a measure to secure accountability of a student body, we proposed a model for records management environment settlement. But in terms that a student body is an organization operated in one year basis, there is a limit that records management environment is hard to settle. This study pointed out this limit and was to provide clues when more active researches were carried out in the field of student records management in the future through presentation of student body records management model. Also, it is expected that the analysis results derived from this research will have significance in terms of school history arrangement and conservation.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.56
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• pp.39-87
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• 2020

This study empirically analyzed the value conflicts of cultural administration based on the needs of axiological discussions and the differences in intersubjectivity among the cultural administration groups and the contradicting attributes of culture and administration. The study classified the stakeholders into administrative staff, planners, and artists to compare their value priorities of publicness in cultural administration. A classification analysis was also conducted based on the normative by each group and the value distribution on a 2×2 value matrix between autonomy and accountability and fairness and efficiency. Based on the results of the quantitative study, the awareness of the relationships among the groups and cause and effects of value conflicts was analyzed through in-depth interviews. Thus, the study aimed to identify the directions for value distribution wherein the values of administration and culture can coexist and determine the implications of expanding this mutual understanding. The results revealed that in the conflict between autonomy and accountability, all groups had a greater awareness of accountability. In terms of normative aspects, it was possible to see a normative value line with an emphasis on autonomy, rather than on accountability from the lower stages on the budget hierarchy (administrators at the top, followed by planners and artists). In the conflict between autonomy and accountability, the size of dissonance between appropriateness and reality was the largest among the groups in the lower stages of the budget hierarchy, and became larger along the order of administrators, planners, and artists. In the conflict between efficiency and fairness, all groups had a greater awareness of efficiency. In terms of fairness in normative aspects, emphasis was placed on was artists, administrators, and planners, in that order. The size of dissonance between efficiency and fairness by groups became larger along the order of budget hierarchy-administrators, planners, and artists. Based on the results, the study compared and analyzed the 2×2 value matrix between the normative and actualities by groups. The normative value distribution emphasized Type 1 (accountability x fairness) as seeking communitarianism values through culture and Type 2 (autonomy x fairness) as seeking balanced values of cultural freedom of individualsonabalance. However, in actualities, although the communitarianism values of Type 1 were considered important, there were no distributions to the liberal values of Type 2, rather to the economic values of culture from Type 4 (accountability x efficiency). In summary, the Korean cultural administration isunderapressureof value distribution to emphasize the communitarianism and economic rather than liberal values, through bureaucratic control in actualities compared with the normative. This study will have significant implications on value distribution decision-making by groups and political implementations within the purview of cultural administration.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.592-606
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to see teachers' perception on the School Autonomy Policy and to give some suggestions for better settlement of the policy. To achieve the above aim, we used survey method to 390 teachers and analyzed 363 responses with SPSS program. The research findings are as follows. Most of teachers supported the intent and aim of the School Autonomy Policy, however, the respondents showed conflicting responses on the contents, process, core subject according to their interests. In other words, respondents who have more teaching career including principals answered positively on the policy and it's process than lower career teachers. Lower career teachers expressed very negative recognition and little understanding for the policy itself. From the result of the survey, it could be suggested that the teachers' cooperation, especially lower career teachers' conciliation, is very important to settle down the School Autonomy Policy successively.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 2023

Online marketing is a rapidly growing industry that heavily depends on digital technologies and data analysis to effectively reach and engage consumers. For that, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial tool for online marketers, enabling marketers to analyze extensive consumer data and automate decision-making processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethical implications of using AI in online marketing, focusing on its impact on consumer privacy and decision-making. AI has created new possibilities for personalized marketing but raises concerns about the collection and use of consumer data, transparency and accountability of decision-making, and the impact on consumer autonomy and privacy. In this study, we reviewed the relevant literature and case studies to assess the potential risks and make recommendations for improving consumer protection. The findings provide insights into ethical considerations and offer a roadmap for balancing the advantages of AI in online marketing with the protection of consumer rights. Companies should consider these ethical issues when implementing AI in their marketing strategies. In this study, we explored the concerns and provided insights into the challenges posed by AI in online marketing, such as the collection and use of consumer data, transparency, and accountability of decision-making, and the impact on consumer autonomy and privacy.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2010

It is the most important thing at present for physicians to posses the qualification of medical professionalism. A lot of medical schools have made all-out efforts to develop leaders of medicine, who will be able to meet the needs of medical professionalism in this complex medical environment. The purpose of this study is to review the cognitive base of medical professionalism leading the curriculum development of medical professionalism. The discussion of medical professionalism started in the 20th century. During the 1960s, there were attempts to reshape the concepts and attributes of medical professionalism. The government began to intervene in the autonomy of physician and the self regulation policy of medical society in 1970s. Physician may be asked to play as a healer and professional (what?) during their medical practice. The fundamental role of healer such as care, compassion, honesty, integrity, confidentiality, ethical behaviors, and respect with patients were nothing fresh to tell even though the age was changed. The attributes of professional which are physician's autonomy, self regulation, teamwork, and responsibility to society has been changed dramatically over the past five decades. In general, medical educators agreed that professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication skills, and ethical and legal understanding, upon which is built application of the principles of professionalism: excellence, accountability, altruism, and humanism. If physicians fail to show professionalism in society, they will confront the crisis which can be under the government control. The only way to keep their autonomy is to practice medical professionalism. So far today, medical schools have laid more stress on competence than value standards in educational systems and it was restricted for medical students to learn the value standards for medical practice. To understand and practice the medical professionalism, it is the most realistic way to solve the complicated medical problems.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

It is important to explore ways that reinforce teachers' curricular expertise at the school level as the school curriculum autonomy expands. This study investigated teachers' curricular expertise that is required for teachers' professionalism, autonomy, and accountability to cope with the increasing school curriculum autonomy. Teachers in the future school are expected to explore and develop school level curriculum within a given school context. Through literature reviews, domestic and foreign case studies, and survey of teachers, this study examined difficulties in science teachers' exercise of their professionalism on curriculum organization and implementation at the school level. Difficulties in exercising teachers' curricular expertise include lack of actual autonomy in curriculum operation at the school level, inadequate infrastructures, demanding accountability based on students' achievement results, lack of time for reflection, and lack of recognition for teachers as independent curriculum designers. In the conclusion section, a couple of ways to solve these difficulties are suggested including expansion of actual autonomy, activation of teachers' participation in policy decision making, reinforcement of qualitative components in school assessment, diversification of the teacher's career ladder, and activation of teachers' participation in professional learning communities.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.504-513
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated how elementary science teaching has changed with the introduction of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA). Teachers are held accountable for student performance as measured by the mandatory nation-wide standards tests to satisfy the needs of accountability and quality assurance systems. In relation to the teaching of science in the elementary school, professionalism meets potential threats with the advent of national test. Through analysis of the classroom teaching and open-ended interviews, we explored the teacher's concerns about the national test and how their science classes have changed to prepare for this test. According to the results, the national test made elementary teachers accountable for the content of their science classes, limits teachers' autonomy in reconstruction of curriculum, and forced teachers to conduct conclusion-centered lessons even in elementary science classes. In addition, teachers argue that the national test precludes the possibility of differentiated education and differentiated assessment. Based on the results, we suggested a new professionalism in this accountability era, so called 'informed professionalism', which refers to the ability of teachers to interpret and implement curriculum and policy mandates at the local, school and classroom level to generate equitable and improved student outcomes through teaching and learning. We also suggested further research on the teacher professionalism in teaching science contents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.499-509
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to suggest implications by defining the concepts of school-level autonomy capacity (SAC) and by analyzing the teacher's perception on it. For the study, a survey was employed. The data generating sample consisted of 260 elementary and secondary school teachers, and the data was analyzed in the categories such as schools' level and characteristics as well as teachers' status and experience. As a result, the study indicated that there were highly statistical significances in the categories of teachers' status and experience, while there were no statistical significances in the category of schools' characteristics. The conclusions drawn from the study were as follows: First, the more educational authorities for school autonomy should be expanded and transferred to the schools in order to enhance the strategic capacity of SAC. Second, in order to enhance the human resource capacity of SAC, the educational environment encouraging teachers' professional development should be stabilized. Third, the school organizational culture should be reorganized transformatively and creatively in order to enhance the organizational management capacity of SAC.