• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.96-103
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• 2001

그동안 정서의 실험적 유도의 어려움과 많은 제약으로 인해 성인 위주로만 이루어져 오던 정서연구가 최근 수 년 간의 정서연구에 대한 방법론의 발달로 아동에게까지 그 범위가 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아동의 다섯 가지 정서 (기쁨, 분노, 슬픔, 스트레스, 놀람)에 의해 유발되는 아동의 자율신경계 패턴을 확인하고자 한다. 놀람 정서를 추가한 "아동용 정서유발 프로토콜 (양경혜 등, 2000)"을 사용하여 아동에게 정서를 유발시키고, 정서가 유발되는 도안의 자율신경계 반응(KST, ECG, EDA, PPG)을 측정하였다. 초등학교 1, 2 학년인 34명(남: 18, 여:16)의 아동이 실험에 참여하였다. 실험 결과 다섯 가지 정서가 아동들에게 적절하고 효과적으로 유발되었으며, 정서에 따른 생리반응 변화가 관찰되었다. 분석에 사용된 12개 생리반응 변수 중 8개 변수에서 정서에 따른 차이가 발견되었으며, 정서에 따라 다른 자율신경계 반응 패턴을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 동일한 방법으로 수행한 본 연구실의 선행 연구와도 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 이는 아동용 정서유발 프로토콜이 표준화된 아동정서 유발자극으로 사용될 수 있으며, 생리반응 주형(template)을 이용하여 아동정서를 구분할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2012

Sensory integration started as a theory to provide a occupational therapist with a useful frame for explaining and intervening the problems which children have. Most researches on sensory processing disorder (SPD) have been found empirical evidence to support the sensory integration theory by measuring behavioral manifestations of SPD. Recently, researchers who are interested in the diagnosis of SPD have begun to use neurophysiological methods to establish objective evidence for sensory integration. These studies reported the neurophysiological indexes reflecting the maladaptive behaviors as well as the difference between children with SPD and typically developing children in using electrodermal activity, vagal tone, EEG. Future neurophysiological studies on SPD will be expected to prove the efficacy of sensory integration intervention.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.184-193
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• 2000

To evaluate GC-rhEPO, human erythropoietin produced by recombinant DNA technique, its general pharmacological properties were investigated in experimental animals administering intravenously and in vitro test system. GC-rhEPO at doses of 70,700 and 7,000 IU/kg body weight had no influence on general behavior, spontaneous motor activity, thiopental-inducted sleeping time, writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid, strychnine-induced convulsions, charchoal meal propulsion in mice, and body temperature, gastric juice secretion, urine and electrolyte excretion in rats. In anesthetized rabbits, GC-rhEPO (70, 700 and 7,000 lU/kg, i.v.) did not alter respiratory rate, blood pressure, heat rate. In in vitro experiments, GC-rhEPO did not affect the contractions of the isolated ileum of guinea pigs and the muscle twitchs of isolated neuromuscular junction of the rats. In addition, GC-rhEPO did not affect the blood coagulation time and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in plasma of rabbits. Taken together, these results indicate that GC-rhEPO does not induce any adverse effects in the experimental animals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2000

A properly prescribed wheelchair may be able to normalize tone. decrease pathologic reflex activity, improve postural symmetry, enhance range of movement, maintain and/or improve skin conduit)n. increase comfort and sitting tolerance, decrease fatigue, and improve function of the autonomic nervous system. Whereas a poorly prescribed one can actually exacerbate the problems associated with a disability. Maintained for longer without relief, pressure concentrations may also lead to tissue breakdown. Pressure sores continue to be a major problem for many disabled individuals. Many groups of disabled individuals have a very high incidence of pressure sores, including those individuals with spinal cord injuries. hemiplegia, multiple sclerosis. cancer. and the disabled geriatric population. It is important to understand the factors which predispose an individuals to the development of a pressure sores. Those factors can divided into extrinsic factors, related to the individual's immediate environment and intrinsic factors. related to their medical or physical condition. Pressure sores are generally preventable through sensible pressure management based on an understanding of the causes of pressure sores, risk factors and methods of redistributing pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.605-608
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• 2011

In this study, OSA (the obstructive sleep apnea) periods were detected in patients with OSA during sleep because of the treatment was different according to the frequency and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. ANS (autonomic nervous activity) was changed by obstructive sleep apnea periods so we intended to detect the periods to care the obstructive sleep apnea patients. RR intervals, SDNN (standard deviation of normal to normal) and RMSSD (root mean square standard deviation) were calculated in time domain analysis and LF (low frequency), HF (high frequency), NHF (normalized high frequency), NLF (normalized low frequency) were calculated in frequency domain analysis of HRV (heart rate variability) with obstructive sleep apnea patients. In this paper, SDNN (standard deviation of normal to normal) of time domain analysis were decreased in the obstructive sleep apnea periods. And NLF and LF/HF ratio were increased and NHF (normalized high frequency) was decreased in the frequency domain analysis. The parameters can be used to treat obstructive sleep apnea patients by detecting the obstructive sleep apnea periods such as CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.486-496
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• 1991

Spinal parasympathetic outflows originate in the sacral parasympathetic nuclei. The sacral parasympathetic nuclei receive inputs from the brainstem. Many areas in the medulla appear to influence sympathetic outflow of the spinal cord. Whether neurons in these areas of the medulla may project to the lumbosacral cord to affect the parasympathetic outflow has not been studied clearly. Thus, this study was intended to investigate origins of cells projecting from the medulla to the sacral parasympathetic nuclei of the spinal cord. In 3 cats, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the lower lumbar spinal cord. HRP labeled neurons were found mainly in the following areas: nucleus retroambiguus, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe complex and ventrolateral area of the rostral medulla. Most of these areas are known to be involved in regulation of sympathetic activity, and, thus, these results indicate that these areas are likely to affect the sacral parasympathetic outflow as they do for the sympathetic nerves.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.581-586
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• 2017

The well-known Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) cardiac oscillator has been used to generate the heart beat fluctuations as a representation of the modulatory autonomic nervous activity in terms of sympathetic and parasympathetic state. The IPFM model produces heartbeats by integrating the modulated sinusoid signals and applying the threshold of unity or chaotic threshold levels. This study aims at evaluating the performance of IPFM model by analyzing the influence of the threshold level with comparatively applying preset threshold of unity and Logistic-map and Henon-map chaotic-threshold. Based on our simulated results with interpreting the spectral features of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), we can conclude that the IPFM model with preset threshold level of unity can generate the optimal heartbeat variations int the sense of clinically valid heartbeats.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.204-210
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• 2015

Although many studies have analyzed the relationship between electrodermal activity (EDA) and sleep stages, a practical method for detecting sleep stage using EDA has not been suggested. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for real-time automatic detection of deep sleep using the EDA signal. Simultaneously with overnight polysomnography (PSG), continuous measurement of skin conductance on the fingers was performed for ten subjects. The morphometric characteristics in the fluctuations of EDA signal were employed to establish the quantitative criteria for determining deep sleep. The 30-sec epoch-by-epoch comparison between the deep sleep detected by our method and that reported from PSG exhibited an average sensitivity of 74.6%, an average specificity of 98.0%, and an average accuracy of 96.1%. This study may address the growing need for a reliable and simple measure for identifying sleep stage without a PSG.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.440-453
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of watching a two-dimensional (2D) forest video and a virtual reality (VR) forest video on stress reduction in adults. Experiments were conducted in an artificial climate room, and 40 subjects participated. After inducing stress in the subjects, subjects watched a 2D gray video, 2D forest video, or VR forest video for 5 mins. The autonomic nervous system activity was evaluated continuously in terms of measured heart rate variability during the experiment. After each experiment, the subject's psychological state was evaluated using a questionnaire. The 2D forest video decreased the viewer's stress index, increased HF, and reduced heart rate compared with the 2D gray video. The VR forest video had a greater stress index reduction effect, LF/HF increase effect, and heart rate reduction effect than the 2D gray video. Psychological measurements showed that subjects felt more comfortable, natural, and calm when watching the 2D gray video, 2D forest video or VR forest video. We also found that the 2D forest video and VR forest video increased positive emotions and reduced negative emotions compared to the 2D gray video. Based on these results, it can be concluded that watching the 2D forest and VR forest videos reduces the stress index and heart rate compared with watching the 2D gray video. Thus, it is considered that the 2D forest video increases the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, and the VR forest video increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system upon watching the VR forest video is judged to be positive sympathetic nerve activity, such as novelty and curiosity, and not negative sympathetic activity, such as stress and tension. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for examining the visual effects of forest healing, with hope that the utilization of VR, the technology of the fourth industrial revolution in the forestry field, will broaden.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2005

Obiective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture treatment for chronic headache patients using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 15 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than IS days per month were qualified as Chronic Headache patients. Treatment was afplied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV2O, HN23, ST8, HN46, TEl7, GB2O, LI2O, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes. The effects of acupuncture treatment were analyzed using power spectrum analysis of the HRV. HRV was recorded before and after acupuncture treatment. Results : HRV before and after treatment was compared after 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment. Increase in mean values of SDNN and RMSSD were observed but the increases were not statistically significant. Increase in mean values of TP, LF and HF were observed but, the increase was significant(p<0.05) only in TP. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture treatment on chronic headache patients can increase the activity of autonomic nervous system. Further use of HRV for quantitative analysis of acupuncture treatment on autonomic nervous system related symptoms is suggested.