• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.101-121
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• 2000

The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relation to the meridian, acupoint and nerve. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were observed following injection of transsynaptic neurotropic virus, pseudorabies virus(PRV), into the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve of the rabbit. After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, the thirty rabbits were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina V, VII, X, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. In medulla oblongata, The PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. 3. In Pons, PRV labeled neurons were parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and cochlear nucleus. 4. In midbrain, PRV labeled neurons were founded in central gray matter and substantia nigra. 5. In diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in lateral hypothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. 6. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neuron were founded in hind limb area.This results suggest that PRV labeled common areas of the spinal cord projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve may be first-order neurons related to the somatic sensory, viscero-somatic sensory and symapathetic preganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled common area of the brain may be first, second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle in gallbladder and blood vessels.These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory system monitoring the internal environment, including both visceral sensation and various chemical and physical qualities of the bloodstream. The present morphological results provide that gallbladder meridian and acupoint may be related to the central autonomic pathways.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on blood pressure, heart rate variability, aortic pulse wave velocity and the aortic augmentation index of essential hypertensive patients. Methods: Using a coin toss, 22 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control. The experimental group was given a blend of oils of lemon (Citrus limonum), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) which were prepared in the ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. The control group was given an artificial lemon fragrance of Limonene (35 cc) and Citral (15 cc) mixture. The experiment, inhalation, was conducted for 3 weeks (2 min per inhalation, 2 times per day) to both groups. Results: There was a noticeable difference in systolic blood pressure between the groups (p=.001), however the difference in diastolic blood pressure between the two groups was not significant. There was a notable difference in sympathetic nerve system activity of heart rate variability (p=.047). However, the differences in aortic pulse wave velocity or the aortic augmentation index were not significant. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and sympathetic nerve system activity.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

교래자연휴양림을 탐방한 대상자들이 삼림욕을 한 후에 자율신경의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 삼림욕 전후에 유비맥파기를 이용하여 맥파를 측정하였다. 결과: 삼림욕 후에 교감신경 활성(LF)의 변화에서는 대조군의 사전과 사후의 평균치 차이는 유의성이 없었으나, 실험군에서는 사전보다 사후에는 증가하여 유의성이 있었으며(p<.038), 분산분석에서는 그룹간(p<.014), 전후 차( p<.026) 및 그룹과 전후 차에서도 유의하였다(p<.018). 부교감신경 활성도(HF)의 변화에서는 대조군과 실험군 간에 모두 유의성이 없었다. LF/HF 비율에서는 실험군에서는 사전보다 사후에 증가하여 유의성이 있었고(p<.019), 그리고 분산분석에서는 그룹간, 사전 및 사후 차간에서도 유의성이 있었다(p<.04). 평균맥박의 변화에서는 대조군은 사전보다 사후에 유의성이 없이 감소하였으나, 실험군에서는 사전보다 사후에 증가하여 유의성이 있었다(p<.026). 맥박표준편차(SDNN)의 변화에서는 대조군 및 실험군의 사전보다 사후의 평균치는 감소하였으나 유의성이 없었으나, 분산분석에서는 그룹간에서는 유의성이 있었다(p <.014). 심박변이평균편차(RMSSD)의 변화에서는 대조군 및 실험군의 사전과 사후의 평균치 차이는 유의성이 없었다. 결론: 교래곶자왈 숲 삼림욕 후에는 자율신경의 활성이 변화되고 평균맥박도 높아져서 자연치유의 장소로 유용하다고 판단한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to assess the effect of Chunwangbosim-dan(CB) on the autonomic nervous system by using heart rate variability measurement. Methods : The eligible subjects were composed of the healthy female group of ages 25 to 30 years. They were divided into two groups, the CB group(n=16) and the control group(n=16). We measured the heart rate variability respectively for 3 times at 14:00, 16:00, and 17:00. In the CB group, subjects were administered CB at 15:00. For the measurement values, Mean Heart Rate and SDNN(standard deviation of the NN intervals) were used as time domain analysis, and HF(high frequency), LF(low frequency), and LF / HF ratio were used as frequency domain analysis. Results : The degree of LF changes in the CB group was significantly lower than control group at 1 hour after administration. Conclusions : We suggest that Chunwangbosim-dan may be useful for stabilization of the autonomic nervous system by controlling sympathetic nerve in healthy people.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

Objective : This study is performed to evaluate the clinical effect of Gigong therapy by measuring ABR-2000 on neck stiffness patients. Methods : Among the outpatients with neck stiffness who visited to Wolgot Oriental Medical Clinic from 16 to 26, June 2003, we selected 22 persons. They were divided into two groups. One group was treated with acupuncture, cupping therapy added to Gigong therapy and the other was treated with the two formers. Before and after therapy, we measured ABR-2000 from the head, two hands and two feet. We selected 11 persons without specific conditions as a control group. Results : Between the control and the Gigong therapy, there were significant difference of differences. Gigong therapy plays role in relaxing inner and outer of the body. Conclusion : This result indicated that Gigong therapy is to regulate autonomic nerve and to relax the inner and outer of the body.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1974

It has been generally understood that the intestinal tracts are under the control of the autonomic nerves; the parasympathetics are excitatory and the sympathetics inhibitory. However, it is recently reported that the actions of these autonomic nerves in the newborn animals are shown to be different from those in the adult animals in some species. In order to elucidate the role of sympathetic innervation to the intestinal tracts, the effects of periarterial nerve stimulation were studied in the periarterial sympathetics-jejunum preparations of the chick and the effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated muscle strips were also studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The periarterial stimulation in the periarterial sympathetics-jejunum preparation elicited the responses of three patterns; 1) contrcation followed by relaxation 2) contraction only 3) relaxation only. The excitatory response was most effective in the stimulus frequencies of 40 cps, whereas the inhibitory response was maximal in the stimulus frequencies of 30 cycle per second. 2. The excitatory response to the periarterial stimulation was not affected by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, dibenamine, propranolol and atropine, whereas the inhibitory response was completely blocked by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. 3. In the periarterial syrnpathetics-jejunum preparation treated with reserpine, the periarterial stimulation evoked only contraction, and the contraction was not affected by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and atropine. 4. The administration of norepinephrine evoked a relaxation in the isolated jejunum muscle strips and the effect was completely blocked by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. 5. The administration of isoproterenol produced a relaxation in the isolated jejunum muscle strips and the effect was not affected by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, whereas the effect was completely blocked by the pretratment with propranolol. 6) The administration of acetylcholine produced a marked contraction in the isolated jejunum muscle strips and the effect was completely abolished by the pretreatment of atropine. These experimental evidences indicate that the inhibitory response to the periarterial stimulation is due to adrenergic fibers and the excitatory response is due to neither adrenergic nor cholinergic component.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 지연성근육통의 통증 변화가 자율신경계와 뇌파에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 지연성 근육통이 유발된 28명을 대조군(n=14)과 실험군(경피신경자극과 키네시오테이핑 적용, n=14)으로 구분하였다. 중재는 지연성근육통 유발 1일 후부터 5일 동안 실시하였다. 평가는 VAS(visual analog scale), 심박변이, 뇌파를 사용하여 지연성근육통 유발 전, 유발 24시간 후, 5일 치료 후, 치료 중단 3일 후에 측정하였다. 실험 결과 지연성근육통이 발생하면 교감신경계의 활성 증가 또는 부교감신경계 활성 억제가 되며, 중재로 인한 통증 감소는 반대의 활동이 나타났다. 통증 발생 시 alpha파의 감소가 나타났으나 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 통증 변화는 자율신경계와 뇌파에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 통증 관리와 치료 전략 개발 및 연구에 도움이 될 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.174-202
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• 2002

Twenty five patients, 14 males and 11 females with an average age of 75years with chronic Low Back Pain were tested before, during, and after 10minutes transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. It is important to consider the effect of TENS on the autonomic function because the pain pathway and the ANS pathway are somehow correlated to each other. There is still controversy among researchers who have reported the effect of TENS on autonomic function. So the purpose of this study is to measure the effect of TENS on the ANS and to see the relation of the pain control mechanism and the change in the ANS. The results were as follows : 1) Systolic blood pressure between before and during the experiment was apt to be a little increased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 2) Systolic blood pressure between during and after 10 minutes the experiment was apt to be a little decreased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 3) Systolic blood pressure between before and after 10 minutes experiment was apt to be a little decreased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 4) Diastolic blood pressure between before and during experiment was apt to be a little increased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 5) Diastolic blood pressure between during and after 10 minutes experiment was significantly decreased(P<.05). 6) Diastolic blood pressure between before and after 10 minutes the experiment was apt to be a little decreased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 7) Heart rate between before and during the experiment was apt to be a little decreased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 8) Heart rate between during and after 10 minutes the experiment was significantly decreased(P<.05). 9) Heart rate between before and after 10 minutes the experiment was significantly decreased(P<.05). 10) Skin temperature between before and during the experiment was significantly increased(P<.05). 11) Skin temperature between during and after 10 minutes the experiment was apt to be a little increased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05). 12) Skin temperature between before and after 10 minutes the experiment was significantly increased(P>.05). 13) Respiratory rate between before and during the experiment was apt to be a little increased, but statistically there was no significant change(Pgt;.05). 14) Respiratory rate between during and after 10 minutes the experiment was apt to be a little decreased, but statistically there was no significant change(Pgt;.05). 15) Respiratory rate between before and after 10 minutes the experiment was apt to be a little decreased, but statistically there was no significant change(P>.05).

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2007

The SRP program(stress reduction program) is reported has a good effect to patient to escape from anxiety. To reduce several symptoms due to anxiety, we performed some SRP programs to our patient who had suffered anxiety disorder. The measurement tools of patient's improvement we used are Heart Rate Variability and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Through this programs, symptoms and feeling of anxiety were decreased than first time and Autonomic nerve system balance was much improved. this is caused by effort of self-control meditation, mindfullness, breathing instruction and muscle relaxation program.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture at $CV_{17}$ for reducing mental stress using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 30 healthy volunteers(control group: 15, experimental group: 15) participated in this study. After instrumentation and 5-minutes rest period, mental stress by operation was provided for 5-minutes. HRV was recorded before and after the mental stress. And then the control group rested for 15-minutes. The experimental group was injected Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture at $CV_{17}$ and rested for 15-minutes. And then HRV was recorded. Results : In simple rest group, LF norm and HF norm showed a significant change after mental stress. In pharmacopuncture group, LF norm, HF norm and LF/HF showed a significant change after mental stress. But there were no significant difference between two groups(p>0.05). In pharmacopuncture group, LF norm, HF norm and LF/HF showed a significant change after pharmacopuncture injection. There were significant difference between two groups(p<0.01). Conclusions : The result suggests that Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture at $CV_{17}$(Jeonjung) can regulate and prevent the alteration of autonomic nerve system due to mental stress.