• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.320-327
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• 2023

In this study, an FPGA-based sealer inspection system was developed to inspect the sealer applied to install vehicle glass on a car body. The sealer is a liquid or paste-like material that promotes adhesion such as sealing and waterproofing for mounting and assembling vehicle parts to a car body. The system installed in the existing vehicle design parts line does not detect the sealer in the glass rotation section and takes a long time to process. This study developed a line laser camera sensor and an FPGA vision signal processing module to solve this problem. The line laser camera sensor was developed such that the resolution and speed of the camera for data acquisition could be modified according to the irradiation angle of the laser. Furthermore, it was developed considering the mountability of the entire system to prevent interference with the sealer ejection machine. In addition, a vision signal processing module was developed using the Zynq-7020 FPGA chip to improve the processing speed of the algorithm that converted the profile to the sealer shape image acquired from a 2D camera and calculated the width and height of the sealer using the converted profile. The performance of the developed sealer application inspection system was verified by establishing an experimental environment identical to that of an actual automobile production line. The experimental results confirmed the performance of the sealer application inspection at a level that satisfied the requirements of automotive field standards.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

Recently, the automotive industry has been introduced to ISO 26262 in November 2011 to address the necessity of safety risk from sensor to actuator by providing guidance in the form of requirements and processes. The malfunctioning behaviour of these systems could have significant impact on the safety of humans and/or the environment. Most of the modern automobiles are equipped with embedded electronic systems which include lots of Electronic Controller Units (ECUs), electronic sensors, signals, bus systems and coding. Due to the complex application in electrical, electronics and programmable electronics, the need to carry out detailed safety analyses which focuses on the potential risk of malfunction is crucial for automotive systems. In this paper, the international trends on pre and post introduction of ISO 26262 through publications will be analyzed as well as to take a glimpse in the activities for implementing this standard by the automotive manufacturers. The issues and challenges which have been occurring from implementing this standard also will be highlighted.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.1006-1011
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• 1991

In this paper, a neural network estimator which estimates the output of the wide range oxygen sensor is proposed, The neural network estimator is constructed to give the output of the wide range oxygen sensor from rpm, fuel injection time, throttle position, and output voltage of the exhaust gas oxygen sensor. And, using this estimator, PI controller for air-fuel ratio control is designed. Experiment results show that the proposed method gives good results for SONATA engine under light load and constant rpms.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.38-48
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• 2014

In this paper, a design of Signal Processing Analog Front-End IC for Automotive Piezo-Resistive Type Pressure Sensor is presented. In modern society, as the car turns to go from mechanical to electronic technology, the accuracy and reliability of electronic parts required importantly. In order to improve these points, Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) amplifies the received signal in accordance with gain for increasing the accuracy after PRT Sensor is operated to change physical pressure signals to electrical signals. The signal amplified from PGA is processed by Digital blocks like ADC, CMC and DAC. After going through this process, it is possible to determine the electrical signal to physical pressure signal. As processing analog signal to digital signal, reliability and accuracy in Analog Front-End IC is increased. The current consumption of IC is 5.32mA. The die area of the fabricated IC is $1.94mm{\times}1.94mm$.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

The flashing reduces the part quality and the productivity of the molding process. We developed a contact pressure sensor to detect the flashing immediately. The performance of the sensor was analyzed in a simple 2D simulation. The sensor was applied to an automotive bumper mold with cavity pressure sensors. It showed sensitive output signal for the mold response by the cavity pressure change. It was confirmed that the flashing at the gate area occurred in the filling stage by the pressure increase due to growth of the melt flow length. The sensor output was correlated with the cavity pressure sensor output.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.723-730
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• 2007

The typical design of automotive driveshafts generally utilizes Constant Velocity(CV) joints as a solution to NVH. CV joints are an integral part of vehicles and significantly affect steering, suspension, and vehicle vibration comfort levels. Thus, CV joints have been favored over universal joints due to the constant velocity torque transfer and plunging capability. Although CV joints are common in vehicle applications, current research works on modeling CV joint friction and assumes constant empirical friction coefficient values. However, such models are long known to be inaccurate, especially under dynamic conditions, which is the case for CV joints. In this paper, an instrumented advanced CV joint friction apparatus was developed to measure the internal friction behavior of CV joints using actual tripod-type joint assemblies. The setup is capable of measuring key performance of friction under different realistic operating conditions of oscillatory speeds, torque and joint installation angles. The apparatus incorporates a custom-installed triaxial force sensor inside of the joint to measure the internal CV joint forces(including friction). Using the designed test setup, the intrinsic interfacial parameters of CV joints were investigated in order to understand their contact and friction mechanisms. The results provide a better understanding of CV joint friction characteristics in developing improved automotive driveshafts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2017

We designed and fabricated the engine oil monitoring sensor to measure engine oil deterioration through increased vehicle mileage. Since the condition of the engine oil can be affected by the state of the vehicle and its operating conditions, it should be directly measured and determined in every vehicle. The fabricated sensor has an aluminum parallel capacitor structure that measures capacitance related with the dielectric constant, which is one of the indices of oil deterioration. The size of the capacitor is small enough that it could be easily adapted on the oil level gauge without introducing any change in the design. The fabricated device is installed in the diesel engine to measure the change in capacitance accurately as the vehicle moved from 0 km (new engine oil state) to 11,364 km. The results showed the maximum value at around 5,000 km, and the values plateaued as mileage increased, corresponding with the measurement result of the TAN (Total Acid Number). Based on the results, the condition of the oil must be monitored regularly though oil change is recommended once the vehicle has traveled the distance of around 10,000 km.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

In this paper, an Ethernet equalizer that compensates for automotive temperature variations within a broad range is presented. Communications in automotive systems have become increasingly important because of the many electronics in vehicles. Ethernet protocols are a good candidate for automotive communications. However, they should satisfy the AEC-Q100 requirements that stipulate an operational temperature range from -40 to $150^{\circ}C$. This paper proposes an Ethernet equalizer that can recover data up until 100 m length of CAT-5 cable adaptively within a temperature range of -40 to $150^{\circ}C$. To support the wide temperature range, a feedback system is used. The proposed equalizer has a bandwidth of 31.25 MHz with a fully-differential structure and is implemented in a Hynix $0.13{\mu}m$ BCDMOS technology.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose effective diagnosis algorithm for hub bearing fault in driving vehicle using acceleration signal and wheel speed signal measured in hub bearing unit or knuckle. This algorithm consists of differential, envelope and power spectrum method. We developed diagnosis system for realizing proposed algorithm. This system consists of input device including acceleration sensor and wheel speed sensor, calculation device using Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and display device using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Using this diagnosis system, a driver can see hub bearing fault(flaking) from the vibration in driving vehicle. With early repairing, he can keep good ride feeling and prevent accident of vehicle resulting from hub bearing fault.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.464-470
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• 2011

In this paper, the feasibility of applying a position sensorless control technique to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is practically evaluated. The proposed position estimator has a straightforward structure with properties that combines the model and the saliency tracking-based rotor position estimation for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The proposed method can be used in the event of sensor loss or sensor recovery to sustain continuity of operations. The developed system takes into account the estimated position transition between two distinct sensorless methods. The transition is enhanced by introducing a synchronized transition algorithm based on a single tracking observer. Extensive experimental results are presented to verify the principles and show a reliable estimation performance over the entire speed range including standstill under 150% load conditions.