• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.948-958
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• 2022

Since reliability and security of man-machine system increasingly depend on reliability of human, human reliability analysis (HRA) has attracted a lot of attention in many fields especially in nuclear engineering. Dependence assessment among human tasks is a important part in HRA which contributes to an appropriate evaluation result. Most of methods in HRA are based on experts' opinions which are subjective and uncertain. Also, the dependence influencing factors are usually considered to be constant, which is unrealistic. In this paper, a new model based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET) and fuzzy number is proposed to handle the dependence between two tasks in HRA under uncertain and dynamic situations. First, the dependence influencing factors are identified and the judgments on the factors are represented as basic belief assignments (BBAs). Second, the BBAs of the factors that varying with time are reconstructed based on the correction BBA derived from time value. Then, BBAs of all factors are combined to gain the fused BBA. Finally, conditional human error probability (CHEP) is derived based on the fused BBA. The proposed method can deal with uncertainties in the judgments and dynamics of the dependence influencing factors. A case study is illustrated to show the effectiveness and the flexibility of the proposed method.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.313-327
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• 2018

인간의 노동을 기술이 대체하는 시대가 도래하고 있다. 제조영역에서 기업의 생산성을 증대시키기 위해 공장자동화(Factory Automation, FA) 및 스마트 팩토리(Smart Factory, SF)를 도입하는 것처럼, 서비스 영역 및 사무업무 영역에서도 RPA(Robotic Process Automation) 도입을 통해 기업의 경쟁력을 강화시키고 있다. 하지만, RPA 자체는 어디까지나 개념일 뿐 특정한 기술과 솔루션을 의미하지는 않으며, 소프트웨어 로봇이나 인공지능 개념을 기반으로 비즈니스 프로세스를 자동화하는 기술들의 새로운 개념이라고 할 수 있다. RPA도입 전후의 가장 큰 차이점은, 인간노동(Human Labor) 중심의 업무수행에서 디지털노동(Digital Labor)으로 사람의 노동력 자체를 대체한다는 것에 있다. 이렇듯 노동에 대한 시대적 개념이 변함에 따라, 미래 변화에 대한 정책적 논의가 필요한 시점이라 사료된다. 본 논문에서는 RPA에 대해 개괄적으로 살펴본 후, 산업동향 및 기술동향, 그리고 RPA 미래방향에 대한 이해를 통해 우리가 준비해야 할 고민에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2014

This paper provides an integrated view on human and system interaction in advanced and automated systems, which adopting computerized multi-functional artifacts and complicated organizations, such as nuclear power plants, chemical plants, steel and semi-conduct manufacturing system. As current systems have advanced with various automated equipments but human operators from various organizations are involved in the systems, system safety still remains uncertain. Especially, a human operator plays an important role at the time of critical conditions that can lead to catastrophic accidents. The knowledge on human error helps a risk manager as well as a designer to create and control a more credible system. Several human error theories were reviewed and adopted for forming the integrated perspective: gulf of execution and evaluation; risk homeostasis; the ironies of automation; trust in automation; design affordance; distributed cognition; situation awareness; and plan delegation theory. The integrated perspective embraces human error theories within three levels of human-system interactions such as affordance level, psychological logic level and trust level. This paper argued that risk management process should dealt with human errors by providing (1) reasoning improvement; (2) support to situation awareness of operators; and (3) continuous monitoring on harmonization of human system interaction. This approach may help people to understand risk of human-system interaction failure characteristics and their countermeasures.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.153-178
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• 1988

This paper consists of three chapters. Changes and objectives of library automation are discussed in chapter 1 and 2 respectively. The dominant trends in library automation which begun in 1960's can be described ; the 1960's was dominated by primitive local systems and the 1970's by online networks. And in the 1980's, there is a return to local system but with various options to networks. The major objectives of library automation are to improve speed of technical process, to get economic efficiency, and to provide better services. But the library planning automation should take account of experiences of the others that those objectives are not easily achieved. The impact of automation on a library is discussed in chapter 3. First, emphasis of libraries shifts from a collection orientation to an access orientation. Computer allowed to access not only to materials of their own library but also to those of others. Second, libraries should reconsider all their activities and services. Those must be reorganized by several principles such as rationalization, intelligent use of automation, and maximizing of human self-fulfillment. Third, change on organizational structure is anticipated. Flat organization in stead of existing hierarchy will provide rapid communication for problem - solving and intensify professionalism. Machine with proper capabilities and well programed software are prerequisites for library automation. But beyond these prerequisites, human factor should be stressed as well as mechanical factor. Therefore, understanding of changes due to automation, aggressive acceptance of trend, and su n.0, pport of organization are required in order to get successful results.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2016

Applying human engineering simulation to analyzing work capability and movements of operators during manufacturing is highly demanded. However, difficulty in modeling digital human required for simulation makes engineers to be reluctant to utilize human simulation for their tasks. This paper addresses such problem on human engineering simulation by developing the technology to automatize human modeling with multiple Kinects at different depths. The Kinects enable us to acquire the movements of digital human which are essential data for implementing human engineering simulation. In this paper, we present a system for modeling automation of digital human. Especially, the system provides a way of generating the digital model of workers' movement and position using multiple Kinects which cannot be generated by single Kinect. Lastly, we verify the effects of the developed system in terms of modeling time and accuracy by applying the system to four different scenarios. In conclusion, the proposed system makes it possible to generate the digital human model easily and reduce costs and time for human engineering simulation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.688-700
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• 2022

A composite bionic soft gripper integrated with electromagnets and magneto-active elastomers is designed by combining the structure of the human hand and the snake's behavior of enhancing friction by actively adjusting the scales. A silicon-based polymer containing magnetized hard magnetic particles is proposed as a soft finger, and it can be reversibly bent by adjusting the magnetic field. Experiments show that the length, width, and height of rectangular soft fingers and the volume ratio of neodymium-iron-boron have different effects on bending angle. The flexible fingers with 20 vol% are the most efficient, which can bend to 90° when the magnetic field is 22 mT. The flexible gripper with four fingers can pick up 10.51 g of objects at the magnetic field of 105 mT. In addition, this composite bionic soft gripper has excellent magnetron performance, and it can change surface like snakes and operate like human hands. This research may help develop soft devices for magnetic field control and try to provide new solutions for soft grasping.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.2897-2904
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• 2023

The Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) method is a widely used method in human reliability analysis (HRA). Performance shaping factors (PSFs) refer to the factors that may influence human performance and are used to adjust nominal human error probabilities (HEPs) in SPAR-H. However, the PSFs are assumed to be independent, which is unrealistic and can lead to unreasonable estimation of HEPs. In this paper, a new method is proposed to handle the dependencies among PSFs in SPAR-H to obtain more reasonable results. Firstly, the dependencies among PSFs are analyzed by using decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Then, PSFs are assigned different weights according to their dependent relationships. Finally, multipliers of PSFs are modified based on the relative weights of PSFs. A case study is illustrated that the proposed method is effective in handling the dependent PSFs in SPAR-H, where the duplicate calculations of the dependent part can be reduced. The proposed method can deal with a more general situation that PSFs are dependent, and can provide more reasonable results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.3092-3094
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• 1999

This paper deals with the gait generation of Biped Walking Robot (IWR-III) to have a continuous walking pattern like human. For this, trajectory planning with the consideration of kick action is done in each walking step, and the coordinate transformation is done for simplifying the kinematics. The trunk moves continuously for all walking time and moves toward Z-axis. Balancing motion is acquired by FDM(Finite Difference Method) during the walking. By combining 4-types of pre-defined steps, multi-step walking is done. Using numerical simulator, dynamic analysis and system stability is confirmed. Walking motion is visualized by 3D-Graphic simulator. As a result, the motion of balancing joints can be reduced by the trunk ahead effect during kick action, and impactless smooth walking is implemented by the experiment.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, the aviation industry is also growing remarkably with the development of artificial intelligence and networks, so it is necessary to study a new concept of crew resource management (CRM), which is required in the process of operating state-of-the-art equipment. The automation system, which has been treated only as a tool, is changing its role as a decision-making agent with the development of artificial intelligence, and it is necessary to set clear standards for the role and responsibility in the safety-critical field. We present a new perspective on the automation system in the CRM program through the understanding of the autonomous system. In the future, autonomous system will develop as an agent for human pilots to cooperate, and accordingly, changes in role division and reorganization of regulations are required.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.697-705
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• 2009

GUI 테스트의 자동화는 크게 두 가지로 분류하여 생각해 볼 수 있다. 즉, 회귀 테스트 (Regression Test) 자동화와 테스트 자동화(Automated Test)이다 전자는 테스트 케이스를 수동으로 생성하고 수행만을 자동화하는 의미를 가지는 반면, 후자는 테스트 케이스 생성 자체의 자동화도 포함한다. 점차 테스트에 소요되는 비용이 커지는 상황에서 테스트 자동화 방안을 계속적으로 모색하고 있으나 실제 적용되는 방법은 대부분 회귀 테스트에 한정되어 있다. 즉, 테스트를 처음 수행하는 단계에서는 직접 테스트 케이스를 생성하는 작업이 요구된다. 관련하여 기존의 많은 연구들이 상태 전이도를 기반으로 테스트 케이스를 자동으로 생성하는 방안을 제안하고 있으나 이 방법 역시 사람이 상태 전이도를 작성해야하는 문제를 남기게 된다. 본 논문에서는 자동화 범위를 보다 확대하여 소스코드를 기반으로 테스트 케이스를 자동으로 생성하고 수행하는 방안을 소개한다. 논문에서는 디지털 텔레비전에 탑재되는 셋탑 박스 기반의 어플리케이션 프로그램을 대상으로 연구하였으며 기존에 필요했던 수작업이 없이도 테스트 자동화를 진행하는 것이 가능하다는 것을 실제 적용 사례로 제시하였다. 물론 본 연구결과를 아직 일반화하여 적용할 수는 없을 것이다. 그러나 기존의 테스트 자동화 기법 및 연구들과 비교하여 본 연구결과는 수작업의 양을 보다 줄일 수 있었고 이후 완전한 테스트 자동화 또한 가능하다는 것을 보였다는데 그 의의가 있을 것이다.