• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2020

The paper looks at protecting copyright owners in Nigeria: a panacea for intellectual development. A descriptive survey design was adopted in carrying out the study. The sample size for the study was 112. Three research objectives guided the study. The study utilized a self-developed questionnaire for data collection. A total of 112 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to librarian and lecturers, out of which 108 copies were duly filled and returned, representing 96.4%. The collected data was arranged in frequency and analyzed using percentage and mean score. The findings revealed that protection of copyright will encourage creators of intellectual works, and that if authors are well remunerated there is likelihood of adequate availability of various publications to meet information needs of Nigerians. The result showed that the right to intellectual properties is one of the ways to encourage intellectual development. The finding revealed that copyright protection provides security for intellectual product and does not negatively affect the availability of intellectual materials. Based on the research findings, it was recommended that owners of intellectual property deserve good earnings for their intellectual works in order to promote Knowledge proliferation and availability so as to meet the reading needs of the citizens at the various levels. The study also recommended that all cases relating to copyright violation in our courts should be summarily dealt with. The study advocated that the provision on the punishment should be reviewed such that it could deter people from infringing on authors rights.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.427-445
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• 1993

The ankylosis of temporomandibular joint occured by several causes directly developes TM joint disfunction, In cases with prolonged condylar ankylosis, especially at growing age the condylar ankylosis evokes malfunction of growth center area, and then developes the abnormal facial morphology and malocclusion. Therefore it must be cured. Almost authors have agreed to the necessity of surgical correction of the TMJ anylosis. but they did not decide the one surgical method to get the best result. The Tx. method suggested by many authors are the using interposition after resection of condyle to remain a lever of 3rd class in Mn. kinetics, the autogenous condylar graft and the alloplastic condylar graft. Some authors have got the satisfied results only with the condylectomy of the involved TMJ. This study also operated only the detachment of fibrous adhesion on ankylosed condylar side and then established occlusion in the case with the unilateral TMJ ankylosis and fibrous joint adhesion and facial asymmetry evoked after the fracture of condylar head at early age. This study got a improved mouth opening and a stable postsurgical result after 1 year. Also, this study reviewed many author's study about the chanracteristics, etiology, diagnosis and Tx. method for the ankylosis of TMJ.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2005

Information sources about Mongolian pigtail of 13-14C are relatively rich. But it was difficult to estimate the shape of the pigtail in detail with the descriptions in historical writing or travel books only, and paintings were neither enough to observe the beautiful shape of the pigtail closely on the whole because the portrayed characters were always wearing their hats. However, the authors could trace the detailed shape of the pigtail of 13-14C through close investigation into Mongolian stone statue of the period. In conclusion, the authors performed a comparative study by historically comparing the historical writings, archeological materials, ethnological materials and figurative arts featuring medieval Mongolian pigtail. And the authors paid careful attention to the meaning of those materials to the hairdo history. Historically nothern minority races have become assimilated with surrounding races in language, culture and customs through long economical and cultural exchange, and today their national traits gradually fade away by globalization. But each minority race still stands independently and maintain its own traditional culture. only recently began the study by Korean researchers on Mongolian pigtail, and there is still much to be discussed in ethnological issues such as racial pedigree.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : The common cause of voice disorders may be bad habits of phonation. faulty vocal habits might aggravate the voice disorder or make the dysphonia. Authors thought the analysis of faulty vocal habits might help to evaluate the causes and to choose the treatment methods in patients with dysphonia. Authors studied to evaluate which vocal habits were used in patients with dysphonia. Materials and Methods : Patients with dysphonia(N= 32) and person without dysphonia(N=20) were evaluated through pre-evaluation test by otolaryngologist and SLP. All subjects were evaluated accordingly Posture of body, expansion of cervical vein, excessive movements of thyroide prominence, position of tongue, tension of lower lip, tension of jaw, breathing pattern related with phonation. Results : In dysphonia group, we found 23 cases with tension of jaw, 15 cases with expansion of cervical vein, 7 cases with bad position of tongue, 3 cases with excessive movement of thyroid prominence and a lot of cases with bad breathing Pattern on Phonation. In control group, only 3 cases with bad position of tongue, 2 cases with tension of lower lip, 1 case with tension of jaw were found. Conclusions : More faulty vocal habits were found in dysphonia group. Authors thought faulty vocal habits could be the cause of dysphonia and aggravate the dysphonia and the control of vocal habits would be very important in patients with dysphonia.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Herpes zoster presents clinically with cutaneous vesicular eruption and pain along the dermatome, but it can sometimes cause muscular paralysis. When the disease involves cervical root, it is included in the differential diagnosis of shoulder diseases. A sixty-six year old patient, complaining of severe pain and weakness of his left shoulder, was referred to the authors as having a partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon on MRI. However, the authors found out a paralysis of the sixth cervical root in the patient by electrophysiologic studies, noting that the patient had been affected with a herpes eruption in the neck and arm two months before. Zoster paresis has been reported to be associated with the cutaneous eruption within two weeks of its onset, making its diagnosis not so difficult. The authors report a case of delayed-onset muscular paralysis after cutaneous herpes zoster, which presented just like a rotator cuff tear.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.525-529
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• 2006

Purpose: Facial nerve injury is a rare but feared complication of face lift. Uncertainty as to the depth and vulnerability of the facial nerve in face lift dissection causes some surgeon, particularly novices, to dissect slowly. Excessively thin flaps can be made because of fear of nerve injury, contributing to skin slough. Methods: From September 1998 to February 2003, the authors operated on 34 aging face patients using classical face-lift. We had analysed about quantity of skin removal and degree of elevated flap. The authors have found quantity of skin removal was 1.5-2.0 cm, degree of elevated flap was 40-45 degree on average. Results: The authors performed preauricular pre-excision face-lift technique on 12 aging face patients from July 2003 to Feburary 2005 based on experienced surgery. This technique reduced fear of dissecting skin flap necrosis and facial nerve injury because of firmly attached pre-auricular skin removed in advance. Conclusions: We easily dissected SMAS without visual field disturbance, nerve damage and reduced operation time and bleeding loss compared to classical face-lift.

• 복식
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2003

Despite the creative strengths fashion illustrations, most fashion related advertisements use photographs instead. Furthermore, there is not much study done on the effects of fashion illustrations. Through this study the authors discover the effectiveness of fashion related magazine advertisements using fashion illustrations by looking into the level of recognition due to interaction effects between advertisements using photographs and advertisements using fashion illustrations. This study, however, does not focus on comparing the different levels of recognition effect between photographs and fashion illustrations. After a literature review of magazines with high rank subscriptions, an experiments was conducted. A booklet was made using 16 fashion illustration advertisements and 16 photograph advertisements all designed to control variables other than advertisement type. Then a survey was taken using the booklet to measure the recognition levels of the different types of advertisements. Through an ANOVA test of the 2 ${\times}$ 3 factorial designed model the authors derived results implying that interaction effects do exist between the different types of advertisements. In the environment where advertisements using photographs dominate, advertisements using fashion illustrations can effectively be recognised by the consumers. Through this study, the authors wish to give guidance to decision makers in the fashion industry related to the type of printed advertisement they should seek.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

Purpose - This research is to examine how different Korean retailers are from Japanese ones, in terms of taking a social responsibility for product scandals. Through a comparative analysis, the authors will provide some implications for retailers in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the existing literature studied how retailers as well as manufacturers responded to food poisoning and product scandals, the authors compared Korea with Japan, in terms of taking a social responsibility. Results - As soon as food safety scandals occurred in Japan, a local government quickly ordered Snow Brand to recall and stop producing problematic milk products. In addition, retailers have stopped displaying them on their store shelves to minimize the number of victims. By stopping selling them, Japanese retailers took a social responsibility for product scandals. Conclusions - The authors found that retailers play a very important role in protecting customer rights. Moreover, customers have become more and more aware of the roles of retailers taking a social responsibility for social issues. The research proposes that a government has to develop the laws to protect customers from food poisoning and product safety issues effectively and that boycott campaigns should be legally protected by a government and promoted by customers.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2017

Purpose - This research is to provide new insights for policy makers in Korea, comparing South Korea and foreign countries such as Japan, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain and the forth, in terms of the effects of retail regulations on a retail trade industry. Research design, data, and methodology - After introduction, the research begins with literature review on the background why advanced countries have introduced retail legislations, then, will present their effects. The fourth section will compare the South Korea with the above foreign countries. Finally, the authors will draw conclusions and mention not only research limitations but also future research directions. Results - Based on the previous research, the authors compared Korea and advanced countries, in terms of how retail regulations influence retail employment, retail productivity, retail price, and the protection of independent retailers. The authors found that industrialized countries have made a significant effort to protect small shops for social stability with many different regulations and/or budget. With regard to results, however, the degree of its achievement is lower than expected. Conclusions - In order to protect small- and medium-sized retailers efficiently and effectively, policy makers need to develop better sophisticated retail regulations than those of advanced countries.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2017

The emergence of E-book have allowed readers to interact with other readers and to actively participate (e.g. social reading). Furthermore, there is a growing demand in writer's community to take the advantage of the feedback from their readers to update the content of E-book. To do that, they require the service that utilizes the user feedback while creating or updating the e-book content. This study aims to let authors collect and to apply the reader's feedback on E-book content. However, in order to apply the user feedback, users first need to explicitly type the feedback, and even if they do, authors need to develop the software to automatically analyze and to apply the user feedback. This makes difficult for authors without programming background to produce E-book with automatic content adaptation. In this paper, we propose Feedback Clue Model to generate, analyze and apply the user feedback into E-book content. Based on this model, we develop the block editor which allows easy implementation of E-book that can be dynamically updated.