• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2006

Objective : Audio-evoked potential is technique used for measuring brain functions such as memory, attention, and concentration. Although a number of studies on acupuncture for pain, there are few reports on the effect of acupuncture cognitive function. Methods : Fifteen healthy volunteers with no neurological condition took part of the study. $(23.27{\pm}2.09)$. In this study, we examined the changes in auditory P300 by acupuncture stimulation to 'Oegwan' on the left hand. Auditory P300 was recorded before, during and after acupuncture. The amplitude and latency of P300 at Fz, Cz, Pz point were calculated. Results : Auditory P300 amplitude decreased during and after acupuncture, but there was no statistical significance.(P< .05) Auditory P300 latency significantly decreased during and after acupuncture.(P< .05) Conclusions : The decrease of Auditory P300 latency time suggests that acupuncture at Oegwan has some effects on the cognitive function.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2000

Objective : The present study was designed to compare Global Field Power Measurement and conventional method in P300 determination. Method : The subjects were composed of patients(N=20) with schizophrenia by DSM-IV and normal controls(N=20). The auditory event related potential P300 was measured by "oddball paradigm". P300 components were determined by Global Field Power Measurement and conventional method at 5 electrodes(Fz, Cz, Pz, $T_3$, $T_4$). Results : P300 amplitudes of patients were smaller than those of controls across all electrodes and in both methods, but there was no differential power in P300 determination between two methods. Asymmetry of auditory event-related potential P300 was not shown between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. Conclusion : It is implicated that it depends on clinical situations and research purposes what method of P300 determination will be more appropriate for patients with schizophernia.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2011

Objectives : Intellectual impairment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with relatively severe cognitive dysfunction. This study was designed to investigate cognitive function using auditory and visual event-related potential P300 in children with ADHD with relatively higher and lower IQ. Methods : A total of 20 children aged 6-12 years with DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD-combined type were recruited. For 10 children with lower IQ (${\leq}$100) and 10 children with higher IQ (>100), auditory and visual P300 using oddball paradigm (target 0.2, standard 0.8, in probability) were employed. Results : No significant differences were found in P300 amplitude and latency between ADHD children with higher and lower IQ in both modalities. However, auditory P300 amplitude in the right parietal area (P8 electrode) was negatively correlated with verbal IQ in ADHD subjects (R=-.50, p<.05). Visual P300 amplitude in the left parietal area (P3 electrode) was positively correlated with performance IQ in ADHD subjects (R=.57, p<.01). Conclusion : This study suggests intellectual impairment, as evidenced by lower IQ, could not be associated with cognitive dysfunction reflected in event-related potential P300 in ADHD children. However, cognitive function reflected in intellectual subcomponents and P300 might be processed in a stimulus modality-specific and asymmetric pattern.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychophysiological effects of total sleep deprivation by using auditory event-related potentials. Methods: Twenty four healthy college students (18 men, 6 women) participated in this study. The subjects remained awake for 37 hours under continuous surveillance. In the morning and the evening of two consecutive study days, auditory event-related potentials were checked. Results: The latencies of P300 and N200 were significantly prolonged (p<0.001) and their amplitudes decreased (p<0.05) as a consequence of sleep deprivation. The amplitude of P200 was significantly increased during sleep deprivation (p<0.05). However, there was no significant change in the latency and amplitude of N100. Conclusion: Among the components of auditory event-related potentials, P300 and N200 are good indicators of sleep-deprived status. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms of these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues on simple Serial Task Performance in heaithy adults. METHODS: Sixty-three right-handed heaithy adults without history of neurological dysfunction were participated. A modified version of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) using five blocks of perceptual motor sequences was administered. The blocked paradigm consisted of the five blocks with randomly repeated 8 digit sequences with 5 repetition. Three types of sensory cue were employed: visual cue, auditory cue and visuoauditory cue. All subjects were assigned to press the matched botton as quickly and accurately as possible, when one of 8 stimulations was presented(one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight). The reaction time, accuracy, and P300 latency were measured during serial task performance. The mean reaction time(ms), accuracy(%), and P300 latency(ms) were compared between three types of cue using ANOVA. RESULTS: The reaction time to auditory cue was significantly longer than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). And accuracy to auditory cue was significantly lower than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). All P300 latency(at Fz, Cz, Pz) were significantly longer than to visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that type of cues influence in choice reaction. These data may helpful in designing not only effective motor learning training programs for healthy persons but also reeducation programs for patients with neurological dysfunction.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.234-237
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• 2010

P300 component of the event-related potential(ERP) has been studied for theoretical, empirical, and clinical applications. Nowadays the 1-, 2-, and 3-stimulus oddball paradigms are used for eliciting P300 component of EEG in the auditory stimulus experiments. In this paper, we used a method to add one more stimulus to the 3-stimulus auditory paradigm. The adding stimulus has not the same volume but the same tone of the target stimulus. The 4-stimulus oddball paradigm to use two targets is used to elicit the P300 event-related potentials. In 4-stimulus oddball paradigm, an infrequent non-target (p=0.10) is presented in addition to two infrequent targets (p=0.10) and a frequent standard (p=0.70). Two target stimuli elicited a P300 component with a parietal maximum distribution. The amplitude of the P300 in target 2 was larger than that in target 1 and the latency of the P300 in target 2 was longer than that in target 1. The P300 component due to target 2 stimuli was larger than that due to target 1 stimuli. The experimental results approve that the 4-stimulus oddball paradigm can elicit P300 component clearly. The results are compared with the results of the traditional oddball paradigm.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.306-310
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to observe the change in gamma-band cortical activities (GBAs) due to task difficulty. Event-related potential and gamma-band activity were investigated using electroencephalograms recorded during auditory oddball tasks with two difficulty levels. For more difficult task, the amplitude of P300 decreased and the peak latency of P300 was delayed significantly compared to easier task. The induced GBA decreased considerably during the P300 latency period and the peak latency of the induced GBA was delayed for more difficult task. The results imply that the difficulty-related change in cortical information processing may be implemented as a change in the strength of local neuronal association.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

1. Objectives This study is to find the difference of ERP in Sasang Constitutional groups 2. Methods Auditory ERP were measured in 32 healthy males. Latency and amplitude of P300 component were analysed. 3. Results The latency of ERP P300 component in Taeumin group was more extended than that in other groups. It was significant statistically. The Amplitude of ERP P300 component in Soyahgin group was more extended than that in other groups. 4. Conclusions This results suggest that ERP measuring could be used in Sasang Constitutional diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2004

Objective:Event-related potentials(ERPs) are electrical changes recorded at the surface of the scalp in response to stimulus presentation, and their latency and amplitude change according to cognitive processes. Through past studies of the auditory ERP in schizophrenia, the P300 has been reported to be statistically smaller and delayed in schizophrenia than comparison groups. However, studies of the visual ERP have not been systematically examined. The present study was designed to investigate the visual P300 in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls and to compare the pattern of P300 between them. Methods:The subjects were composed of patients(N=22) with schizophrenia by DSM-IV and normal controls(N=22). The visual ERPs were measured by the visual continuous performance test. P300 amplitude and latency measured on 5 scalp electrodes(Fz, Cz, Pz, $T_7$, $T_8$) were compared between patients and controls. Results:The P300 latencies measured on Fz, Cz, Pz, and $T_7$ electrodes were significantly longer in patients than controls(p<0.05). The P300 amplitudes in patients were smaller than controls. However, the difference between them was not statistically significant. Conclusion:Analysis of the visual ERPs showed that the P300 latency is significantly delayed and the P300 amplitude is slightly smaller in patients than controls. These results are similar to established studies of the auditory P300 in schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2012

Objectives : Event-related potentials have been suggested as an objective marker for brain functions in psychiatric disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the relationships between P300, the mismatch negativity (MMN), the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), demographic and clinical variables including neurocognitive abilities in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : P300, the MMN, and the LDAEP were measured and the Korean Stroop color-word test (K-stroop test) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were performed in 43 patients with schizophrenia. The relationship of the latency and amplitude of P300 and the MMN as well as regression slope of the LDAEP with demographic and clinical variables were analyzed by t-test and correlation analyses for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results : After controlling for age, the latency of central (Cz) and parietal (Pz) P300 posivitively correlated with GAF at admission (Cz ; ${\gamma}$ = 0.385, p = 0.047, Pz ; ${\gamma}$ = 0.421, p = 0.029). The amplitude of parietal P300 correlated with the correction rate of the K-stroop test (${\gamma}$ = 0.575, p = 0.002). In addition, the frontal (Fz) P300 latency tended to negatively correlated with the correction rate of the WCST (${\gamma}$ = -0.371, p = 0.057). Conclusions : Our findings suggest that the values of P300 latency and amplitude might be correlated with GAF at admission and working memory measured by the K-Stroop test and the WCST. Meanwhile, the MMN and the LDAEP did not correlate with demographic and clinical variables. These results support the results of previous studies showing associations with P300 and impaired cognitive ability.