• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.177-190
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• 2006

Present study was investigated to measure the influence of expectancy on emotional information processing. For inducing an expectancy for emotional stimulus, participants conducted three same blocks in which negative face was presented for prime in 75% of total trials(Group1) or three same blocks in which positive face was presented in 75% of total trials(Group2). We compared the means of RTs of two blocks conducted after and before these induction blocks. Results exhibited that participants in Group 1 allocated more attention after expectancy induction. This indicate that in normal population, the top-down processing like expectancy can influence emotional processing pattern related to negative information.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-184
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• 2012

To investigate how the valence of unattended background picture modulates perceptual processing of a target letter, participants were required to detect a target letter among six letters superimposed on an IAPS picture. Perceptual load was manipulated by varying the difficulty of letter detection, and behavioral results showed more accurate and faster detection responses at the low-load condition than at the high-load condition. The analysis of ERP data of control condition at which six letters were presented without an IAPS picture showed perceptual load effects on mean amplitude of N1 and P1 ERP components. At experimental condition including an IAPS picture, interaction between valence and perceptual load was observed on mean amplitude of N1 at posterior visual processing area, and the amplitude difference between low-load condition and high-load condition was larger on a negative background picture than on a neutral background picture. The results suggest that more attentional capacity might be consumed by a negative picture than by a neutral picture, and suggest that unattended affective picture is processed automatically and influence the early perceptual processing of target stimulus.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.647-658
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of self-regulated neurofeedback training on elementary school students' recall and recognition performance. For this purpose, the participants were randomly allocated to control condition where no training was provided or training condition where participants were trained in 4 self-regulated neurofeedback training sessions. As the dependent measures, correct free, recall rates and correct recognition rates were analyzed. The results showed that overall scores of recall and recognition were enhanced by the administration of the training itself, and as the training sessions advanced. In particular, the effect of the training seemed to induce more positive effect on the both memory tasks when the task difficulty (manipulated by increasing the number of target words) was increased. These results implied that self-regulated neurofeedback training can induce increased recollection ability for words by enhancing attentional process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of individuals with social anxiety tendency and normal people according to existence of emotional context in attention processing for positive facial stimulation. To do this, we investigated attentional processing for positive face stimuli in a condition without/with emotional context. SADS and CES-D were administered to 800 undergraduate students in D city and the social anxiety group (SA, n=24) and the normal control group (NC, n=24) were selected. In order to measure the two factors of attention process (attention engagement and attention disengagement), first gaze direction and first gaze time were measured through eye-movement tracking. The results show that the SA group exhibited faster attention disengagement from positive face stimuli compared to the NC group in the condition without context. But, when the positive context presented with positive face stimuli, there is no difference between SA and NC. This result suggests that the positive background affects emotional processing of social anxiety disorder.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2018

The present study examined how processing features of visual information near the hand would affect task switching. Recent studies reported enhanced cognitive control of visual information presented the near hands. To investigate the enhancement of cognitive control based on the relationship between hand proximity and attention, we implemented 2 experiments. In the task switching performance experiment, the hand proximity effect depended on modality of cue and target. The first experiment showed that stimuli near the hand received greater cognitive control than stimuli far from the hand, resulting in smaller switch cost. The result could rule out the feature-binding problem, which identifies reduced switch cost as the cause instead of hand proximity. Our results show that hand proximity actually reduced switch cost. In the second experiment, we examined the effects of hand nearness, modality, and their interaction on switch cost. In task switching, the target was always visual, and the cue was presented either visually or auditorily. In addition, we manipulated the cue-target interval to observe the preparation effect of cue. The results showed that a visual cue near the hand reduced switch cost by shortening task preparation time. Also, modality switching between an auditory cue and visual target was remarkable in a hand-near condition. The results for the visual cue could be interpreted as a benefit of rapid visual attention orienting. On the other hand, the results for the auditory cue could be interpreted as the cost of interference of modality switching by slower attentional disengagement of stimuli near the hands. Finally, modulation of switch cost by attention induced by hand nearness was discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 2019

Addicts pay more attention to addiction-related cues, such as substance or behavior. And increased attention to these cues is associated with craving. Methamphetamine is the most abused drug among domestic drug offenders, with continually increasing rates of recidivism. Of the total number of reported drug offenders in the last three years, 21.1 percent have been women. Even so, research on female drug offenders is inadequate, rendering policies and fundamental data for the development of psychotherapy programs insufficient. The present study intended to investigate whether female methamphetamine addicts displayed an attention bias towards drug cues. A dot probe task was conducted on 22 female methamphetamine addicts (addiction group) and 22 non-addicts (control group). The task allowed the correct response rates and correct reaction times of the participants to be calculated according to the positioning of the drug and neutral cues. The analysis results revealed that the control group displayed no difference in correct reaction rates and correct reaction times between the drug or neutral cues. While, the addiction group showed lower correct response rate and slower response time for drug cues in comparison to neutral cues. The results of this study are significant in that it identified the attention bias characteristics toward drug cues of female methamphetamine addicts who were disconnected from drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2005

Objective : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) affects $5-10\%$ of children in Korea, with more boys and girls being diagnosed. Despite seriousness of ADHD, little is known about its causes. From the current genetic epidemiologic studies, ADHD is known as a heritable disorder. Till now, however, there have been very few genetic studies about ADHD in Korea. The aim of the this study is to examine the association between dopamine transporter gone type 1 and ADHD using case-control design in Korean ADHD probands and normal controls. Materials and Method : Child Psychiatric Genetic research team in Seoul National University Hospital, Clinical Research Institute recruited the ADHD probands using clinical interview/observation, diverse rating scales, and neuropsychological tests. For eliminating phenocopy or ADHD, diagnosis of ADHD was based upon clinical data, psychometric data, and parent/teacher reports. Total 85 ADHD-probands were recruited as final study subjects and independent 100 normal adults participated in this study as control group. For all the ADHD probands, and controls, the 3'-UTR-VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 was analyzed. Based on the DAT1 allele and genotype informations, Chi-square test based on case-control design was performed. Results : As for genetic study, total of 85 probands and 100 controls were included for the genetic analysis. Four different alleles, 350bp (7repeat), 440bp (9repeat), 480bp (10repeat) and 520bp (11repeat) were found in DAT1 gene of study subjects. In case-control analysis, ADHD probands and parents have significantly more 9 repeat allele and 9/10 genotype. Also, The probands with 9repeat allele have more commission errors in ADS. Conclusion : The positive association between ADHD and DAT1 gene was replicated in this report like other previous results for caucasian children and Korean children with ADHD. There are ongoing studies on other candidate genes such as DRD4 and DRD5 and it would be required to explore the association of these candidate genes in Korean children with ADHD. These ongoing genetic research will contribute to the understanding of heterogenous genetic and environmental etiologies of ADHD phenotype, which will lead to the development of more comprehensive treatment and preventive interventions for ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 1995

The so-called borderline children are characterised by disturbances in the sense of reality and interpersonal relationships, lack of control, fluctuation of functioning, uneven development and excessive anxiety. But the concept of borderline disorder of childhood is very difficult to define and diagnose in current classification system. The present study adapted the consensus symptoms in borderline children by Bemporad and Vera eight cases aged 7-11 were examined in 37 variables. Results are as follows 1) All subjects are boys and girl hardly be diagnosis n current diagnostic system and have many concurrent diagnoses. Common chief complaints in the sense of reality. 2) In KEDI-WISC test, the borderline children showed average intelligence, but performance IQ tends to be higher than verbal IQ. In Rorscharch test, they showed high thought disorder index, emotional instabilities and aggressive impulses. The results of TOVA suggested attentional deficit in half of the subjects. The organicity is not prominent. 3) Many of the borderline children were unwanted baby. Although primary care takers of all the subjects were their mothers there were moderate problems in caring attitude of their children and marital relationship with their husband. Sccioeconomic status was generally below middle class. Most of all subjects have delayed language development, but have overcome subsequently. Many subjects were rejected by peers because of their aggression. 4) The first visit of the subjects was about 6 years of age. Average duration of treatment was 2 years. All of them were treated in the outpatient basis except one. The effect of pharmacotherapy was doubtful and the necessity of long term play therapy was suggested. Although there were many limitations of method in present study, it was suggested that further research is needed for diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.150-161
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• 1994

Clinical Characteristics of 83 tic patients referred to child psychiatric clinics were studied including the patients' sexes, birth orders and onset ages. We compared the differences between patients and normal control regarding the co-morbidity, and mothering attitude using CBCL(Child Behavioral Check List) and MBRI(Mothering Behavior Rating Instrument). And we also evaluated the influence of types of tic disorder and the presence of behavioral characteristics of the tic patients. The following results were obtained. 1) The sex ration was 5.9:1, male dominant. 2) The eldest children were being twice as many as the youngest children(eldest : youngest : single=4.7 : 1.7 : 1). 3) The eldest children tended to have earlier onset than others. 4) The tic children as a whole had more accompanying behavioral problems than the normal children according to the CBCL scales' scores. 5) The mothers of tic children had more negative view of their children, more rejecting and more hostile attitude toward their children. 6) The types of tic disorder(the Tourette disorder vs chronic moter tic disorder) did not make a difference in the incidence of behavior problems. 7) Those who had attentional problems regardless the types of tic had more behavioral problems than those who had not. 8) Those who had familial loadings of tic disorder tended to have more likely Tourette disorders than chronic tic disorders.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.275-290
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• 2019

The present study aimed to develop a sports psychological skill training program and to test its applicability to improve the performance of national wheelchair curling players. A total of 4 participants completed the study. Subjects have been to 12 sessions of 6 different psychological skills training programs (routine training, attentional focus training, writing practice training in diary, relation training, self-control training, and positive self-talk training). The effectiveness of psychological skills training has been evaluated with 6 questionnaires and EEG measurement. The result was that psychological skills training had improved coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, and concentration, self-management and reduced anxiety of Korean national wheelchair curling player. The result was that the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index showed negative emotional states before psychological skill training but positive emotional states after. The result implies that psychological skill training plays an important mediating role in bringing about positive effects in the psychological elements and competitiveness in national wheelchair curling players.