• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on frontal lobe cognitive function in seniors. Methods: The participants were 42 seniors using a health center in Seoul (experimental group) and 28 seniors using a facility for elders in Seoul (control group). The exercise program was carried out for 16 weeks from April to August 2007. The frontal lobe cognitive function, which includes short term memory, attention, immediate memory, delayed memory, verbal fluency and motor function, was measured by the Digit Span Forward test, Trail Making test, Immediate recall words test, Delayed recall words, Controlled oral word association test and Finger tapping test. The collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA using the SAS program. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: Attention (p=.009), immediate memory (p=.005), delayed memory (p=.009), and verbal fluency (p=.004) improved after the exercise program. Conclusion: In this study, the exercise program was effective in improving frontal lobe cognitive function in elders. So it provides basic information for further nursing education on exercise programs which will be effective for prevention of early cognitive function decline in normally aging elders.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.967-984
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• 2010

This study purposed to examine the effects of the Feuerstein's cognitive mediated learning for gifted children on attention control and attention shift. For the study, 40 gifted students were chosen from the 3rd graders in elementary schools and divided into test and control groups using K-WISC-III and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. The mediated learning program that is targeted to improve the executive functions of gifted children has used the tools of Organization of Dots, Analytic Perception and Comparisons among Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment(FIE). According to the results of this study, a significant improvement has been observed in selective attention, self-control, sustained attention, and attention shift through cognitive mediated learning. Therefore, it has been proven that the cognitive mediated learning is effective in reducing gifted children's problematic behaviors that are caused by a lack of attention control and attention shift and improving their cognitive functions and potentials.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.495-504
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• 2022

With the recent development of artificial intelligence, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model that is efficient with time-series analysis is being used to increase the accuracy of predicting the inflow of dams. In this study, we predict the inflow of the Soyang River dam, using the LSTM model with the Sequence-to-Sequence (LSTM-s2s) and attention mechanism (LSTM-s2s with attention) that can further improve the LSTM performance. Hourly inflow, temperature, and precipitation data from 2013 to 2020 were used to train the model, and validate and test for evaluating the performance of the models. As a result, the LSTM-s2s with attention showed better performance than the LSTM-s2s in general as well as in predicting a peak value. Both models captured the inflow pattern during the peaks but detailed hourly variability is limitedly simulated. We conclude that the proposed LSTM-s2s with attention can improve inflow forecasting despite its limits in hourly prediction.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2005

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess cognitive functions and their relationship with sleep symptoms in young narcoleptic patients. Methods: Eighteen young narcolepsy patients and 18 normal controls (age: 17-35 years old) were recruited. All narcolepsy patients had HLA $DQB_1$ *0602 allele and cataplexy. Several important areas of cognition were assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests consisting of 13 tests: executive functions (e.g. cognitive set shifting, inhibition, and selective attention) through Wisconsin card sorting test, Trail Making A/B, Stroop test, Ruff test, Digit Symbol, Controlled Oral Word Association and Boston Naming Test; alertness and sustained attention through paced auditory serial addition test; verbal/nonverbal short-term memory and working memory through Digit Span and Spatial Span; visuospatial memory through Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test; verbal learning and memory through California verbal learning test; and fine motor activity through grooved pegboard test. Sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients were assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale, multiple sleep latency test, and nocturnal polysomnography. Relationship between cognitive functions and sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients was also explored. Results: Compared with normal controls, narcolepsy patients showed poor performance in paced auditory serial addition (2.0 s and 2.4 s), digit symbol tests, and spatial span (forward)(t=3.86, p<0.01; t=-2.47, p=0.02; t=-3.95, p<0.01; t=-2.22, p=0.03, respectively). There were no significant between-group differences in other neuropsychological tests. In addition, results of neuropsychological test in narcolepsy patients were not correlated with Epworth sleepiness scale score, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale score and sleep variables in multiple sleep latency test or nocturnal polysomnography. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that young narcolepsy patients have impaired attention. In addition, impairment of attention in narcolepsy might not be solely due to sleep symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The present study investigated the validity of a serious game named 'Draw Ttoring' developed for accessment of children's attention and tried to provide the basic information about it. To this goal, we tested it to 284 elementary school students in measuring various behavior data(reaction time, total playing time, correct rate, discrepancy between type of TMT). Futhermore, the behavior data was compared with academic achievement to see the external validity. In results, 'Draw Ttoring' showed various behavior data and correlation with academic achievement. In Type A of TMT, total time and reaction time had a correlation with academic achievement, while, in Type B of TMT, total time and correct rate did. Mental flexibility calculated by the discrepancy between Type A and Type B showed also the positive correlation with academic achievement. These results showed that the serious game named 'Draw Ttoring' can provide more various information about children attention and these can't be observed by traditional paper pencil test. Finally, serious game can provide an good alternative method to access children's cognition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of multi-sensory treatment programs on attention and learning in ADHD children. Methods : The program was provided for 50 minutes twice a week for a total of 12 times over 6 weeks. The FAIR concentration test was used to identify the children's concentration of attention before and after the intervention. The children's learning ability was evaluated using K-ABC. Results : When attention was evaluated using FAIR, there was a significant increase in all dependencies of performance value (P), quality value (Q), and continuity value (C) (p>.05). In addition, when learning ability was evaluated using K-ABC, learning ability in general increased significantly (p>.05). The multi-sensory play therapy program had a positive effect on the children's attention and learning ability and thus it is a positive intervention method for children with ADHD. Conclusion : In addition to providing challenging activities, the program showed that it was possible to elicit the children's interest by engaging a variety of senses at the same time. This is believed to have motivated them internally to engage actively in the program.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.631-642
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• 2016

This study analyzed of the themes (wounding and healing); concerning the Sandplay therapy process applied to children with emotional instability and attention deficit problems. The subjects of the study were 30 elementary school children who agreed to a personal-interview with the author. They all were families of receiving basic livelihood welfare living in the same county. After the preliminary analysis, the main study data collected from subjects was analyzed by variance (t-test), frequency analysis, and correlation analysis using the standard table modified in accordance with Mitchell's classification system. Particular attention was made in the analyses of the characteristics of the subjects as members of low-income families. As the Sandplay therapy proceeded, it became evident that the wounding area showed a low frequency while the healing area featured a high frequency, and confirmed (as in previous studies) that the Sandplay therapy would be effective for children with emotional instability as well as for those with attention deficit problems. The analysis of difference between the types of children with both problems revealed that Sandplay therapy was more effective for children with emotional instability than for those with attention deficit problems. The analysis also revealed that Sandplay therapy was more effective for girls than for boys.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.3-16
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• 1984

This study develops a scientific method in pilot selection by analysing a divided attention performance between the successful pilots and the failures in a flight training course. To measure the divided attention performance, Dual Task Method is used in which the primary task is a tracking task while the secondary tasks are, 1. short term memory task, 2. choice reaction task and 3. judgement task. Result shows that the performance of the pilots is significantly better (P < 0.1) than that of the failures in dual performance. In addition, the differences in the divided attention performance between the two groups are increased in proportion to the difficulty of the task and especially in the Short Term Memory, the increment is most dramatic.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

관계 추출은 주어진 문장이나 문서에 존재하는 개체들 간의 의미적 관계를 찾아내는 작업을 말한다. 최근 문서 수준 관계 추출 말뭉치인 DocRED가 공개되면서 문서 수준 관계 추출에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 사전 학습된 Masked Language Model(MLM)이 자연어처리 분야 전체에 영향력을 보이면서 관계 추출에서도 MLM을 사용하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 문서 수준의 관계 추출은 문서의 단위가 길기 때문에 Self-attention을 기반으로 하는 MLM을 사용하면 모델의 계산량이 증가하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 이 점을 보완하기 위해 관계 추출에 필요한 문장을 선별하는 간단한 전처리 방법을 제안한다. 또한 문서의 길이에 상관없이 관계 추출에 필요한 어휘 정보를 자동으로 습득 할 수 있는 Relation-Context Co-attention 방법을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 DocRED 말뭉치에서 Dev F1 62.01%, Test F1 59.90%로 높은 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean form of Childhood Attention Problem(CAP) scale. CAP were administered to 98 normal elementary school students as control group and 98 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Male students showed high scores than female students in both subscale and total scores, but not statistically significant. There were no significant difference in CAP scale between male students and female students in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. In the reliability test, the test-retest reliability coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.83, impulsivity subscale was 0.70 and total score was 0.82. In the reliability test by internal consistency, the Cronbach $\alpha$ coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.91, overactivity subscale was 0.89(p<0.05). The concurrent validity between CAP scale and ADDES-BV scale was 0.85 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and 0.73 in normal control group(p<0.05). In discriminant validity test between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and normal control group, the patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total discriminant capacity of the patient group in CAP was 93.4%. In this point of view, CAP scale showed high reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects and was proved to be the good and simple screening test tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research and can help many young patient to treat early.