한국컴퓨터게임학회논문지 (Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game)

  • 제31권4호
  • /
  • Pages.1-8
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1976-6513(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-5528(eISSN)
한국컴퓨터게임학회 (Korean Society for Computer Game)
권호 표지

아동의 주의력 측정을 위한 기능성 게임의 개발과 검증

Development of a serious game to assess attention for children

  • 투고 : 2018.12.12
  • 심사 : 2018.12.22
  • 발행 : 2018.12.31
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

성인보다 주의 집중력이 낮은 아동의 인지력을 측정하는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 기능성 게임은 아동의 동기와 주의집중을 높이는 효과적인 방법으로 아동의 인지력 측정을 위한 좋은 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 주의력 측정을 위해 사용되는 TMT(Trail Making Test)를 기능성 게임으로 제작하여 아동의 주의력을 측정하고 그 결과를 검증하고자 하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기능성 게임으로 제작된 TMT는 주의 속도와 선택적 주의를 측정하는 유형A와 주의 전환을 측정하는 유형B로 설계되었으며, 검사결과를 아동의 학업성취도와 연결하여 검사의 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 284명의 아동을 기능성 게임을 통해 주의력을 검사한 결과, 유형A의 반응속도(Reaction Time) 그리고 유형B의 정오율과 학업성취도간 상관이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 본 기능성 게임이 주의력의 여러 목표한 측정 요소를 잘 반영하고 있음을 시사한다. 기존의 단순한 결과만을 산출하는 지필검사와는 다르게 본 기능성게임은 주의와 관련된 여러 가지 행동 데이터를 제공해주고, 재미와 집중을 높여 아동에게 보다 긍정적이고 생태학적인 측면이 강화된 인지측정 도구를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The present study investigated the validity of a serious game named 'Draw Ttoring' developed for accessment of children's attention and tried to provide the basic information about it. To this goal, we tested it to 284 elementary school students in measuring various behavior data(reaction time, total playing time, correct rate, discrepancy between type of TMT). Futhermore, the behavior data was compared with academic achievement to see the external validity. In results, 'Draw Ttoring' showed various behavior data and correlation with academic achievement. In Type A of TMT, total time and reaction time had a correlation with academic achievement, while, in Type B of TMT, total time and correct rate did. Mental flexibility calculated by the discrepancy between Type A and Type B showed also the positive correlation with academic achievement. These results showed that the serious game named 'Draw Ttoring' can provide more various information about children attention and these can't be observed by traditional paper pencil test. Finally, serious game can provide an good alternative method to access children's cognition.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Isenberg, J., & Jalongo, M., "Creative thinking and arts-based learning: Preschool through fourth grade", Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pear-son. 2010.
  2. Inzlicht M, Schmeichel BJ, and Macrae CN. "Why self-control seems (but may not be) limited", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(3), 127-133. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.009
  3. Kang Sungyoung. "Behavior and Motor Skill of Children with Intellectual Disabilities Participating Functional Games", Jouranl of Information and Security, 15(4), 155-160, 2015.
  4. Johnson, Addie. "Attention: Theory and Practice" Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. pp.1-24, 2004.
  5. Anderson, John R. "Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications (6th ed.)" Worth Publishers. p. 519. ISBN 978-0-7167-0110-1. 2004.
  6. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. "Neuropsychological Assessment. 4th ed" New York:Oxford University Press; 2004.
  7. Arnett, James A.; Seth S. Labovitz. "Effect of physical layout in performance of the Trail Making Test", Psychological Assessment, 7(2): 220-221. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.2.220
  8. Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. "A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms and commentary (2nd ed.)"New York: Oxford University Press. 1998.
  9. Kortte, K. B., Horner, M. D., & Windham, W. K.. "The trail making test, Part B: Cognitive flexibility or ability to maintain set?" Applied Neuropsychology, 9(2), 106-109. (2002) https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324826AN0902_5
  10. Oliveira-Souza, R., Moll, J., Passman, L.J., Cunha, F.C., Paes, F., Adriano, M.V., Ignacio, F. A., & Marrocos, R.P. "Trail making and cognitive set-shifting,. Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria, 58, 826-829. (2000). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2000000500006
  11. Kim Hye Jin. "Relationships between Children of Attention and Academic Achievements and School Adaptation", Bukung University. 2008.
  12. Hyeon Woo Yi, Jae Bum Jung, Sung Woo Ji, Ki Chun Nam, Moon Gee Choi. "Effects of Subjective Viewpoints on Task Performance and Cognitive Ability In the Serious Game: Through A Game or A Test", Journal of The Korean Society for Computer Game, 18, 103-110, 2009.
  13. Lee Sung Tea. "A study about development of game type emotional education content", Journal of The Korean Society for Computer Game, 29(1), 87-92, 2016.
  14. Kang Sung Hun. "The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Game on Attention and Motor Skill Problems in Children", Korean Society of Occupational Therapy for Child and School, 3, 1-13, 2012.
  15. Jung Yun Ha. "The Effects of Structured Board Games ADHD on Elementary School Children's Attention Ability", DanKook University, 2008.
  16. Sung Ho Cho, Jae Bum Jung, Moon Gee Choi, "A survey of effectiveness of games for serious games", Journal of The Korean Society for Computer Game, 16, 17-25, 2009.