• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.56
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• pp.253-281
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical utility of th Korea Child Behavior Checklist 16-18(K-CBCL 6-18) in diagnosing ADHD among children with psychological disorders in child welfare institutions. The participants were 509 elementary school children(309 boys and 200 girls) who lived in child welfare institutions. They were assessed using the Korean ADHD Rating Scale(K-ARS) and K-CBCL 6-18. Only five scales of the K-CBCL 6-18 related with attention were used for analysis: syndrom total, externalizing total, aggressive behavior, attention problems and DSM-oriented ADHD scales. The results were as follows. First, K-ARS and K-CBCL 6-18 had significantly positive correlations with all five scales. Second, as a result of a t-test on the ADHD and the non-ADHD groups, which were divided using K-ARS, the mean scores of ADHD group were significantly higher than the non-ADHD group for all five scales of the K-CBCL 6-18. The hit rate of all five scales of the K-CBCL 6-18 was 60 to 70 percent. The syndrom total and externalizing total scales had high sensitivity, whereas the aggressive behavior, attention problems, and the DSM-oriented ADHD scales had high specificity. In addition, all scales had high positive predictive values. Third, as the result of a t-test on the ADHD group and the emotional disorder group, there were significant difference in the mean scores of the attention problems and the DSM-oriented ADHD scales. The attention problems and the DSM-oriented ADHD scales had a similar percentage of hit rate, high specificity and low sensitivity. Especially, the DSM-oriented ADHD scale revealed higher specificity than the attention problems scale. The results of this study suggested that the five scales related to attention of the K-CBCL 6-18 are useful in diagnosing ADHD in child welfare institutions.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.14-26
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic listening on task performance, auditory behavior problems, and attention in children with sensory modulation disorder. Methods : Sixteen children aged four to seven years who were classified as children with sensory modulation disorder were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 8) or the control group (n = 8). From July 1 to October 18, 2017, both groups participated in sensory integration programs, while therapeutic listening training was administered only to the experimental group. Sensory integration therapy was conducted in two sessions per week for six weeks (12 sessions); each session consisted of 40 minutes of therapy and 10 minutes of parent education. Therapeutic listening was conducted in three thirty-minute sessions per week for six weeks (18 sessions). We used the Canadian Occupation Performance Measure (COPM) to evaluate changes in the participants' occupational performance between pre- and post-intervention. We used Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist (FAPC) to observe changes in behavioral problems related to hearing. The Child Attention Scale for Teacher (CAST) was used to evaluate changes in attention. Results : No significant differences pre- and post-intervention between the two groups were observed. The participants' auditory behavioral problems improved significantly in the experimental group, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. There was no significant difference in attention between the two groups, but there was a significant difference between the two groups in the "adaptability" and "emotion" domains (p < .05). Conclusion : The results suggest that therapeutic listening training has a positive effect on reducing problematic behaviors related to hearing and improving the occupational performance of children with sensory modulation disorder. This study provides a basis for improving the sensory processing ability of children with sensory modulation disorder by applying listening training in the clinical field and at home.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.456-477
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• 2024

With information technology's rapid development, the Internet faces serious security problems. Studies have shown that malware has become a primary means of attacking the Internet. Therefore, adversarial samples have become a vital breakthrough point for studying malware. By studying adversarial samples, we can gain insights into the behavior and characteristics of malware, evaluate the performance of existing detectors in the face of deceptive samples, and help to discover vulnerabilities and improve detection methods for better performance. However, existing adversarial sample generation methods still need help regarding escape effectiveness and mobility. For instance, researchers have attempted to incorporate perturbation methods like Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), and others into adversarial samples to obfuscate detectors. However, these methods are only effective in specific environments and yield limited evasion effectiveness. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a malware adversarial sample generation method (PixGAN) based on the pixel attention mechanism, which aims to improve adversarial samples' escape effect and mobility. The method transforms malware into grey-scale images and introduces the pixel attention mechanism in the Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) model to weigh the critical pixels in the grey-scale map, which improves the modeling ability of the generator and discriminator, thus enhancing the escape effect and mobility of the adversarial samples. The escape rate (ASR) is used as an evaluation index of the quality of the adversarial samples. The experimental results show that the adversarial samples generated by PixGAN achieve escape rates of 97%, 94%, 35%, 39%, and 43% on the Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network (CNN_RNN), and Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory (CNN_LSTM) algorithmic detectors, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.399-415
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• 2007

Many objects are always present in a visual scene. Since the visual system has limited capacity to process multiple stimuli at a time, how to cope with this informational overload is one of the important problems to solve in visual perception. This study investigated the suppressive interactions among multiple stimuli when attention was directed to either one of the stimuli or all of them. The results indicate that suppressive interactions among multiple circles were reduced in V4 when subjects paid attention to one of the four locations, as compared to the unattended condition. However, suppressive interactions were not reduced when they paid attention to all four items as a set, in order to compute their mean size. These results suggest that whereas focused attention serves to later out irrelevant information, distributed attention provides an average representation of multiple stimuli.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4439-4455
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• 2021

Compared with two-stage object detection algorithms, one-stage algorithms provide a better trade-off between real-time performance and accuracy. However, these methods treat the intermediate features equally, which lacks the flexibility to emphasize meaningful information for classification and location. Besides, they ignore the interaction of contextual information from different scales, which is important for medium and small objects detection. To tackle these problems, we propose an image pyramid network based on dual attention mechanism (DAIPNet), which builds an image pyramid to enrich the spatial information while emphasizing multi-scale informative features based on dual attention mechanisms for one-stage object detection. Our framework utilizes a pre-trained backbone as standard detection network, where the designed image pyramid network (IPN) is used as auxiliary network to provide complementary information. Here, the dual attention mechanism is composed of the adaptive feature fusion module (AFFM) and the progressive attention fusion module (PAFM). AFFM is designed to automatically pay attention to the feature maps with different importance from the backbone and auxiliary network, while PAFM is utilized to adaptively learn the channel attentive information in the context transfer process. Furthermore, in the IPN, we build an image pyramid to extract scale-wise features from downsampled images of different scales, where the features are further fused at different states to enrich scale-wise information and learn more comprehensive feature representations. Experimental results are shown on MS COCO dataset. Our proposed detector with a 300 × 300 input achieves superior performance of 32.6% mAP on the MS COCO test-dev compared with state-of-the-art methods.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 1994

The problems of determining appropriate QOS(Quality of service) requirements of B-ISDN services and finding the corresponding NP(Network Performance) values satisfying the given QOS requirements are very important problems which are directly related to the successful operation of the ATM network, but have not been studied with enough attention yet. The QOS(NP) parameter definition, QOS measurements, and QOS managements are three major problems that should be solved. In this paper, we first introduce the basic concepts of QOS and NP and their relationships. Then we discuss more comprehensive concepts of QOS based on the layered structure of ATM services and the reference time, which can provide a systematic approach for QOS and NP mapping problems. We also provide examples of determining basic QOS(NP) parameters in the ATM layer and a specific example of QOS mapping based on the file transfer in ATM. The results of this paper can be used to establish the comprehensive QOS management model.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.191-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine emotional and behavioral problems of children from broken families. The subjects of the study were 200(100girls, 100boys) 5th and 6th grade children from P city in Kyuug-gi area. The main results were as follows; First, children from broken families showed some behavior problems such as aggressiveness, anxiety, developmental disorder, absences from school, bad-habits and attention-seeking behaviors. The parenting behaviors of broken families were characterized as negative, rejective, and inconsistent behaviors. Second, emotional and behavioral problems of children from broken families varied as a function of child sex, care giver, reason of loss and parenting.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.146-161
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• 1995

This study is an effort to bring our attention to social dependence on alcohol, focusing on previous studies of drinking behaviors. Although drinking behavior and problems must be understood in a biopsychosocial framework, a certain aspect is often ignored in alcohol research. A few attention has been paid to social aspect of alcohol abuse or dependence. Social processes of drinking behavior deserve to have same attention as other aspects, psychological and physical aspects of the behavior. Literature show that the interdependence among group members exists to regulate individual's drinking behavior. Such social interactions tend to control drinking level for individual in terms of amounts, frequency, and preference. The drinking level tends to be dependent on desires for heavy drinkers, ignoring variabilities of individual's sensitivity to alcohol. However, such a heavy-oriented tendency in drinking behavior may have different patterns which are function of normative orientation of alcohol. negotiation among group members, and ethnoreligious characteristics. Perspectives from conflict tradition and symbolic interactionism are welcomed to illuminate multi-dimentional aspects of social dependence. Policy implication were discussed from public health perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2008

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness and problems in other higher cognitive processes such as executive function deficits. Currently, there are many treatment modalities, of which pharmacotherapy is the most strongly supported by scientific and clinical evidence. Stimulants, which are first choice in the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, block dopamine reuptake by binding the dopamine transporter and so increasing the concentration of dopamine in synaptic clefts. Stimulants are effective in improving core ADHD symptoms, as well as the nonspecific symptoms, such as aggressiveness and oppositional behavior. Frequently reported short-term adverse effects are decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, headache, dizziness and irritability. Although questions have been raised about the long-term side effects of stimulants, including growth suppression, cardiovascular events, and abuse potential, there is no clear evidence to support these concerns.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the cognitive performance, emotional and behavioral problems among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) groups that show the difference between visual and auditory attention. Method : Using 'ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS)', visual attention and auditory attention of 98 children diagnosed as ADHD were measured. According to the omission and commission error of ADS, they were divided into three groups ; 1) the group whose each visual omission and commission error scores were higher than each auditory omission and commission error scores(VV group), 2) the group whose each auditory omission and commission error scores were higher than each visual omission and commission error scores(AA group), 3) the group that was the rest of VV and AA group(M group). And the results of both the subscales of Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and the subscales of Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) among three groups were compared. Finally, the correlation between the visual omission, visual commission, auditory omission, auditory commission error and the results of KEDI-WISC, K-CBCL were investigated. Results : The results were as follows ; 1) In 98 ADHD children, the number of VV group(N=56) was higher than that of AA (N=10) and M group (N=32). 2) All mean scores of the subscales of KEDI-WISC of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group. The score of verbal IQ(p=.039) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group and the scores of block design(p=.015), Kaufman's factor 2(p=.045), performance IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than those of M group. The score of full IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than that of M and AA group. 3) The mean scores of all K-CBCL subscales of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group, except the score of Somatic complaint subscale. The score of Social subscale(p=.041) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group. The score of Withdrawn subscale(p=.021) of AA group was significantly higher than that of VV group. 4) There were no significant correlation between the scores of visual omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. But, there were many significant correlations between the scores of auditory omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. 5) There were significant correlation between the score of the visual omission error and that of Thought problem subscale(r=.205, p=.043) of K-CBCL. There were significant correlation between the scores of the auditory omission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.319, p=.001), Social problems subscale(r=.206, p=.042), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.021). Finally, there were significant correlation between the scores of auditory commission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.241, p=.017), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.020). Conclusion : The ADHD children whose auditory attention ability were higher than visual attention ability had relatively better cognitive performance and less emotional/behavioral problems than the others. The more comprehensive experiment will be needed about the cognitive performance, emotion and behavior problems of the ADHD children showing the difference between visual and auditory attention.