• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

The development of information communication and artificial intelligence technology requires the intelligent command and control (C2) system for Korean military, and various studies are attempted to achieve it. In particular, as a volume ofinformation in the C2 workflow increases exponentially, this study pays attention to the collaborative filtering (CF) and recommendation systems (RS) that can provide the essential information for the users of the C2 system has been developed. The RS performing information filtering in the C2 system should provide an explanatory recommendation and consider the context of the tasks and users. In this paper, we propose a contextual pre-filtering CARS framework that recommends information in the C2 workflow. The proposed framework consists of four components: 1) contextual pre-filtering that filters data in advance based on the context and relationship of the users, 2) feature selection to overcome the data sparseness that is a weak point for the CF, 3) the proposed CF with the features distances between the users used to calculate user similarity, and 4) rule-based post filtering to reflect user preferences. In order to evaluate the superiority of this study, various distance methods of the existing CF method were compared to the proposed framework with two experimental datasets in real-world. As a result of comparative experiments, it was shown that the proposed framework was superior in terms of MAE, MSE, and MSLE.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2023

The purpose of this exploratory study is to compare the differences in public perceptual characteristics of Korean and Chinese societies regarding the metaverse using big data analysis. Due to the environmental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, technological progress, and the expansion of new consumer bases such as generation Z and Alpha, the world's interest in the metaverse is drawing attention, and related academic studies have been also in full swing from 2021. In particular, Korea and China have emerged as major leading countries in the metaverse industry. It is a timely research question to discover the difference in social awareness using big data accumulated in both countries at a time when the amount of mentions on the metaverse has skyrocketed. The analysis technique identifies the importance of key words by analyzing word frequency, N-gram, and TF-IDF of clean data through text mining analysis, and analyzes the density and centrality of semantic networks to determine the strength of connection between words and their semantic relevance. Python 3.9 Anaconda data science platform 3 and Textom 6 versions were used, and UCINET 6.759 analysis and visualization were performed for semantic network analysis and structural CONCOR analysis. As a result, four blocks, each of which are similar word groups, were driven. These blocks represent different perspectives that reflect the types of social perceptions of the metaverse in both countries. Studies on the metaverse are increasing, but studies on comparative research approaches between countries from a cross-cultural aspect have not yet been conducted. At this point, as a preceding study, this study will be able to provide theoretical grounds and meaningful insights to future studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.363-373
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• 2023

Forest biomass surveys are regularly conducted to assess and manage forests as carbon sinks. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a remote sensing technology, has attracted considerable attention, as it allows for objective acquisition of forest structure information with minimal labor. In this study, we propose a method for estimating overstory and understory biomass in forest stands using backpack laser scanning (BPLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAV-LS), and assessed its accuracy. For overstory biomass, we analyzed the accuracy of BPLS and UAV-LS in estimating diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. For understory biomass, we developed a multiple regression model for estimating understory biomass using the best combination of vertical structure metrics extracted from the BPLS data. The results indicated that BPLS provided accurate estimations of DBH (R² =0.92), but underestimated tree height (R² =0.63, bias=-5.56 m), whereas UAV-LS showed strong performance in estimating tree height (R² =0.91). For understory biomass, metrics representing the mean height of the points and the point density of the fourth layer were selected to develop the model. The cross-validation result of the understory biomass estimation model showed a coefficient of determination of 0.68. The study findings suggest that the proposed overstory and understory biomass survey methods using BPLS and UAV-LS can effectively replace traditional biomass survey methods.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

Background: This study was aimed at investigating factors influencing the selection of dental institutions for implant surgery among young adults (age: 20-64 years) and identifying differences in these factors according to general characteristics. Methods: We conducted an internet survey for approximately 2 months, from April to July 2022, and analyzed data from a total of 128 people. Dental institution selection factors included three items of convenience of transportation, five items of physical environment, three items of image of institution, five items of image of dental staff, five items of dental service, and four items of basic dental elements. The importance score for each item was investigated on a five-point scale. Results: The importance score for each dental institution selection factor was the highest for dental service (4.42 points), followed by basic dental element (4.00 points), physical environment (3.89 points), image of institution (3.81 points), convenience of transportation (3.76 points), and image of dental staff (2.78 points). The importance score for each item was the highest for dentists' technique, followed by cleanliness, reliability, and dentists' attitude. Women had higher average scores for all factors compared to men, with statistical significance in scores for convenience of transportation, physical environment, image of institution, dental service, and basic dental elements (p< 0.05). Conclusion: To attract patients seeking implants to a dental institution, attention should be paid to the patients' institution selection factors. In addition, the environment of a dental institution should be created in such a way that it favors patients' selection factors.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.293-326
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• 2009

Confucianism and Taoism is the most representative schools in the Chinese philosophy. Through getting down to earth, they not only solved the social problem, but also accomplished a complete ideological system of their own philosophy. While examining closely the history of Chinese philosophy, some philosophers paid attention to the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, and they will unite the different ideological system. Xuanxue(玄學) in the Wei-jin dynasty, typically, carried their research on the relationship between naturalness(自然) and Confucian ethical code(名敎). Against these theory, the scholars of Dongjin(東晋) dynasty tended to maintain the forming philosophical ideology of the relationship between naturalness(自然) and Confucian ethical code(名敎). Furthermore, they directly discussed the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. This thesis is about a philosophical study of Yuan-hong and Ge-hong who was the typical scholar of the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism in the Donjin dynasty. Yuan-hong emphasized the utility and value of the Confucian ethical code, and he tried to find a basis of Confucian ethical code. Thus, he succeeded to the theory of the relationship between naturalness and Confucian ethical code, he at last advanced a new theory about the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, which is called 'Taoist foundation Confucian utility(道本儒用)'. Ge-hong, from the point of view of the Taoist, accomplished the perspective on the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, which is called 'Taoist foundation Confucian branch(道本儒末)'. Yuan-hong and Ge-hong, from the view of the relationship between foundation and utility & branch, advanced the new theory about the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. In addition, we can correctly estimate their contribution to the development of the Chinese philosophy.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2007

In most design codes, soils are classified as either sand or clay, and appropriate design equations are used to represent their behavior. For example, the behavior of sandy soils is expressed in terms of the relative density, whereas consistency limits are often used for clays. However, sand-clay mixtures, which are typically referred to as intermediate soils, cannot be easily categorized as either sand or clay and therefore a unified interpretation of how the soil will behave at the transition point, i.e., from sandy behavior when fines are low to clay behavior for high fines content, is necessary. In this study, active natural clays are mixed with sand, and the fines content varied in order to produce different structures, ranging from one state where only sand particles form the soil structure to another where the matrix of fines make-up the structure. While paying attention to the granular void ratio in order to clarify the shear properties of sand-clay mixtures with increasing fines content monotonic, shear tests were performed on isotropically, and anisotropically consolidated specimens. From the test results, it was observed that the monotonic shear strength of sand-clay mixtures is dependent on the granular void ratio.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-51
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• 2010

The diversity of Southeast Asia can be also represented at the tremendous number of ethnic groups residing throughout its various regions even beyond national boundaries. What does it mean by the composite of numerous peoples? It has triggered a lot of problems in a nation or overall Southeast Asia. Among them, the most serious one seems to be ethnic conflicts having damaged national integration and caused political, economical, and social instability. In that respect, Karen people have been a minority group situated in the most chronic dispute in Myanmar. Since 1947 some of the Karen equipped with armed forces have been fighting against the military government currently ruling Myanmar. As the result, the refugees over 200,000 population had moved to the mountain camps located at neighboring Thailand, attracting a lot of attention throughout international societies. According to 1931 census by British colonial government, the Karen have the greatest numbers in population as minority and include 16 subgroups including Karenni(Kayah) and Pa-O seemingly excluded from its category in contemporary point of view. It means that Karen people should not be regarded as an ethnic group, and in fact do not show a homogeneous identity under the title of Karen. Given the situation, we need to reconsider the category of Karen. What does the Karen mean in a real sense? Previous studies on the Karen had been performed mainly by anthropologists or missionaries such as Marshall(1922), Hamilton (1976), Hanson Tadaw(1959), Smeaton(1920), Keyes(1979), Hayami (1992; 2004), etc. Most of them examined the Karen as a group and ignored the possibilities of representing the divergent identities vis-à-vis their subgroups. Therefore, they have focused on the myth to convert Karen people to Christianity, although the Christian Karens are less than 20% of total population. As a result, I argue that they would fail to define the real meaning of Karen. It has been caused us to recognize the Karen as a meaningless total entity to be accepted by all means. According to their arguments, the difference among Karen's subgroups is just dealt with the trivial matters that do not affect the ethnic boundary itself, still maintaining the ethnic identity as Karen. As we shall see on this thesis, this is never the case. My thesis aims at uncovering and scrutinizing the real meaning of the category of Karen. For the purpose of it, I will consider Karen people as a linguistic group from the beginning as shown in 1931 census. I argue that the Karen have been affected or exposed by various conditions or environments throughout the harsh history having happened on the areas of current Myanmar and Thailand, leading the vicissitudes of their ethnic identities.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.183-196
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• 2018

Studies that approach from the point of view that human thoughts or minds are dominated by behavior as well as that human behavior is dominated by thoughts or minds, have begun to attract attention from the late 2000s. The physical experience is reminiscent of a metaphorically connected abstract concept, which ultimately affects the judgment or evaluation of a particular object. However, studies that have been carried out so far have been limited to studies on the difference in perception and judgment depending on the objects to be viewed, the objects to be touched, and the objects to which they are carried. In this study, we tried to find out that the physical movement of the body in the upward or downward direction affects the psychological judgment differently. In the first experiment, a pair of words that were considered to be connected metaphorically was tested. In the second experiment, the subjects tried to solve the complicated calculation problem in a short time, and then they watched the video related to the upward movement or downward movement, and then proceeded to measure the psychological judgment. As a result, it was found that 'downward movement' of the body has a metaphorical connection with 'closure', while 'upward movement' is related to 'progress'. In the case of downward-experienced group compared to upward-experienced group, the reverse intentions of their own decision were low, and the confidences in their own decision and the expectations for performance were high.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 2022

This study is about the story of 'Saemi', existing in the Sacheon Alluvial fan area. Saemi is a local word for Dumbeong, which is the traditional water irrigation facilities in this area that could be formed according to the geographical characteristics of a Alluvial fan site. In the meantime, although Saemi has been an important source of water, related research has been mainly done from an ecological point of view. Accordingly, the researcher paid attention to the functional aspects of Saemi itself, grasped its location, distribution status, and usage including the construction method, and considered its intrinsic value through classification and characteristic analysis of Saemi. As a result of five field surveys from September 2021 to October 2022, 129 Saemies remained in the Sacheon alluvial fan area. According to the structure and shape, Saemi could be divided into basic type, complex type, and buried type. The basic type was subdivided into bucket-type and stairs-type along with the complex type, and the buried type was subdivided into all buried-type and some buried-type. Saemies were mainly distributed at the distal end of the Sacheon alluvial fan site, individual Saemies were built on farmland, and common Saemies were usually built along roadsides adjacent to villages. The reason why the Saemies are concentrated at the distal end is the geographical characteristics of the alluvial fan where the water underflows. Saemi was an important multifunctional water supply source equivalent to the main water source for people at the distal end of the pond who did not receive a stable supply of water from the reservoir. Saemi was at the center of the underground water irrigation network agricultural system in the Sacheon alluvial fan area according to the principles of 'bbaeim(drop out)' and 'gaepim(pooling)' It has provided a foundation for establishing itself as an appropriate technology in this area. Such Saemi contributed to the rural landscape and agricultural biodiversity through its own system and served as a public interest function. It is necessary to know, conserve, manage, and continuously utilize the value of this Saemi as an agricultural heritage.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.81-106
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find the implications for the more appropriate educational ministry for the 3040 generation congregation through a critical and holistic understanding of the 3040 generation of Korean churches in the view of the discourse on understanding congregation. To this end, this study studies the biblical, theological, and educational grounds of the discourse on understanding congregation in terms of the connection between congregational theory and educational ministry, describes the characteristics of the 3040 generation congregation through human-developmental, faith-developmental, and socio-cultural approaches, and presents educational implications for the 3040 generation from a congregational point of view. Through this study, This study presents four implications of educational ministry from a congregational perspective by paying attention to the characteristics and intergenerational dynamics of Korean churches in their 30s and 40s: 1) Renewal of family-friendly educational ministry considering various types of families, 2) Reinforcement of life-long discipleship where the Gospel and life issues encounter; 3) Reinforcement of collaborative small groups based on all-line ministry; 4) Presenting the development and practice of creative and evangelical ESG ministry.