• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

Objectives : This study describes a plan that was designed to prevent a measles outbreak that showed a changed outbreak pattern. This study is based on the epidemiological investigation of a measles outbreak in a preschool in Incheon, Korea, 2006. Methods : The subjects were 152 students at a preschool where a measles outbreak occurred. A questionnaire survey was conducted and serological testing for measles-specific IgM was preformed. Results : Of the fifteen confirmed, identified cases, eleven patients had been vaccinated with one dose, one patient had received two doses and three patients were unvaccinated. The three unvaccinated cases consisted of one 5-year-old child, one 3-year-old child and one 16-month-old infant. For the cases with one dose of the vaccination, there were 11 cases, which consisted of six 5-year-old children, two 4-year-old children, two 3-year-old children and one 2-year-old child. The case with two doses of the vaccination was one 4-year-old child. The attack rate of measles was 100% in the 0-dose group, 11.2% in the 1-dose group and 2.0% in the 2-dose group. The vaccine's efficacy was 88.8% in the 1-dose group and 98.0% in the 2-dose group. The vaccine effectiveness for the 2-dose group was higher than that of the 1-dose group. Conclusions : High coverage with a 2-dose vaccination should be maintained, and the vaccination should be given at the suitable time to prevent a measles outbreak with a changed outbreak pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2013

This case report described a single case of adult stoke patient due to Moyamoya disease through long-term follow-up observation, which included his demographics, brain images, and change of motor function and functional activities. The subject was the 54-year-old male diagnosed with left hemiparesis from a stroke due to multifocal encephalomalacia in both hemispheres. At the time of the stroke attack, he took brain surgery intervention including external ventricular drain. Physical and occupational therapy for stroke rehabilitation were admitted including muscle strengthening exercises, functional activity/ADL training, neurofacilitative techniques with bobath or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concepts, and compensatory strategy. Patient's MRI showed that right frontal lobe, right peri-ventricular area, left parietal, and left occipital lobes were damaged, and MRA showed that abnormal collateral vessel was richly developed in both hemispheres by occlusion of proximal internal carotid arteries in both sides. His motor strength was improved from poor to good grade in all of upper and lower limb motions, that MBC was improved from stage 1 to stage 5. In FAC and barthel index, at the initial evaluation, he could not perform any functional movement, but his FAC and barthel index were on 3 and 14 points at present, respectively. During long-term follow-up for approximately 4 years, the subject's functional motor ability was improved, as similar with recovery progression of usual stroke patient. We believe that this single case report will provide clinical information and concern regarding Moyamoya disease with physical therapist, in terms of such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, clinical features, recovery process, and prognosis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study is giving the healthy promotion and it's related data base for out-patients who had stroke via evaluating the general characters of their active daily living and physical therapy Method : This study researched 81 patients who had received physical therapy service in 6 general hospitals located Pusan city responded to the self-assessment questionnaires from July 2002 to August 2002. Conclusion : In this study, patients were composed of 61.7% of male, 65.4% of 50's-60's in the age, 56.8% of cerebral infarction, and 60.5% of right hemiplegia. 74.1% of patients received physical therapy after 6 months from an attack, only 62.9% used orthosis & gait aids, and 59.2% received medical care 2 or 3 times per week. 40.7% of patients had over 9 hours sleeping time and 22% had reduced $1{\sim}2hours$ before hospitalization. 90% did not have drinking and smoking. 91.4% had 3 times eating per day, and 67.7% did not have good nutrition. The reasons of that were their eating habit, 542% of eating-giver, 3.7% of economic problem. 46.9% of patients used healthy food. In active daily living, patients can't do drinking by cup, voiding & defication by themselves, however patients can't do wearing/take off, etiquette for dressing, bathing, stepping by themselves. 40.7% of patients don't wear orthosis, 55.6% of patients don't use W/C. Part of physical therapy that patients concerned importantly exercise for prevention of joint distortion, management of affected side, and 80% of patients was also concerned other's part, significantly. 71.8% of patients & care-givers want to receive physical therapy at home, and 74% of patients do physical therapy by themselves at home along teached hospitalization.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2013

The human voice is the most natural means of communication. The need for speech recognition technology is increasing gradually to increase the ease of human and machine interface. The function of the avionics equipment is getting various and complicated in consequence of the growth of digital technology development, so that the load of pilots in the fighter aircraft must become increased since they don't concentrate only the attack function, but also operate the complicated avionics equipments. Accordingly, if speech recognition technology is applied to the aircraft cockpit as regards the operating the avionics equipments, pilots can spend their time and effort on the mission of fighter aircraft. In this paper, the cockpit voice command system applicable to the fighter aircraft has been developed and the function and the performance of the system verified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.5C
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• pp.406-414
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• 2005

The necessity for a technique to protect intellectual property of a digital content has been increasing, especially for the image/video contents which are the most favorite because of their high information-intensive property. According to this demand, this paper proposed a digital watermarking algorithm, which is recognized as the most promising technique. This algorithm targets MPEG compression system and the watermarking process is to be performed during the compression process. It inserts watermark only in Y components of I-frames. Experimental results showed that the proposed method satisfied both imperceptibility and robustness against various attacks. The PSNR difference between the compressed images(the average compression ratio was about 27:1 with Y:Cb:Cr=4:2:0 color format for TM5-based compression) with and without watermarking was only 1.8dB ($4.2\%$). In each case that the resulting image after an attack was reusable the normalized correlation between the extracted watermark and the original one was above 0.8.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2010

Objective : Aneurysmal rebleeding is a major cause of death and disability. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of rebleeding, and the factors related with patient's outcome. Methods : During a period of 12 years, from September 1995 to August 2007, 492 consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) underwent surgery at our institution. We reviewed the patient's clinical records, radiologic findings, and possible factors inducing rebleeding. Also, we statistically analyzed various factors between favorable outcome group (FG) and unfavorable outcome group (UG) in the rebleeding patients. Results : Rebleeding occurred in 38 (7.7%) of 492 patients. Male gender, location of aneurysm (anterior communicating artery) were statistically significant between rebleeding group and non-rebleeding group (p=0.01 and p=0.04, respectively). Rebleeding occurred in 26 patients (74.3%) within 2 hours from initial attack. There were no statistically significant factors between FG and UG. However, time interval between initial SAH to rebleeding was shorter in the UG compared to FG (FG=28.71 hrs, UG=2.9 hrs). Conclusion : Rebleeding occurs more frequently in the earlier period after initial SAH. Thus, careful management in the earlier period after SAH and early obliteration of aneurysm will be necessary.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.548-555
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• 2015

This paper aims to estimate the service life of the target bridge structures subjected to chloride ingress from de-icer, which is used for safety of vehicles in winter, by investigating the chloride ingress into concrete. In this study, the 10-year-old bridge structures were investigated by measuring the chloride along the depth from the exposed surface to derive the surface chloride concentration and the diffusion coefficient for the prediction of service life. The service life of each measured point on the structures were estimated with the surface chloride concentration and the diffusion coefficient by using Life-365 software. As a result, it was estimated for all measured points to have over 100-year service life. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient and the service life from the measured data were compared to another method calculated with the concrete mix, considering the time dependency of diffusion coefficient.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

The present study used a video analysis system to quantify the kinematical data of step shoot motion by male university handball players. From the results of analyzing dynamic variables of step shoot motion according to shooting direction were drawn conclusions as follows. 1. The height of release was proportional to the height of players, and the height of release appeared low in left-side attacks. This is probably because the left-right-throwing angle is larger in left-side attacks than that in center attacks and right-side attacks and, as a result, the throwing arm is lowered down in throwing. 2. The leftward inclination angle of the body was larger in order of right-side attacks > center attacks > left side attacks. 3. Players' throwing form was close to three quarter style in left-side attacks. In center and right-side attacks, the arm was somewhat more upright but still it was more three quarter style than overhand style. 4. The front-rear throwing angle at the moment of release was much higher in right-side attacks than in left-side ones. This is probably because the point of time for releasing the ball is usually late in right-side attacks and, as a result, the front-rear throwing angle becomes quite large. 5. The contribution of body parts on the ball speed was higher in order of the forearm > upper arm, hand > shoulder joint. 6. In players whose distance between the two legs at the moment of release, their body usually did not incline to the side much. Thus it is considered necessary to correct the right leg in their shooting motion. 7. According to the result of analyzing throwing form, the speed of the ball at the moment of leaving the hand was faster in right-side attacks than in left-side and center attacks.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.791-798
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• 2016

Free radicals may attack cells or tissue, leading to chronic diseases, and antioxidant consumption is potentially useful for removing free radicals. Egg proteins may be used as potential sources of antioxidant considering their ability of scavenging free radicals to apply for food or cosmetics industry. In this study, we obtained a natural antioxidant protein from fertilized eggs, which was a dietary supplement in some Asian countries. Meanwhile, antioxidant activities of these proteins were evaluated using different oxidation systems. With increasing incubation time, the antioxidant activity of these proteins increased during 15 d of incubation. The samples on day 15 were performed for isolation of antioxidant protein. The protein, named P4-1 (MW, 45 kDa), was isolated and purified by consecutive chromatographic methods. P4-1 contained 17 amino acids, which was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Amino Acid Analyzer. Moreover, the amino acid sequence was highly similar to that of ovalbumin. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the denaturation temperature of P4-1 was $57.16^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, P4-1 suggested high oxygen radical-absorbance activity in ${\cdot}OH$ assays, and its antioxidant activity was stable at $30-50^{\circ}C$ in acidic and neutral pH. Thus, these results revealed that P4-1 may be a potential resource as a natural antioxidant.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 1998

Clinical observation was done on 272 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1997. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage. and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebral infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension. and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 7. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 8 The average time to start physical therapy was 1l.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 15.2th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 9. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction. 10. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found more frequently in cerebral infarction than in hemorrhage. 11. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of ki(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. and in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing ki(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.