• 생태와환경
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• 제37권4호통권109호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2004

하천의 환경성 평가에서 부착조류 조사는 주로 비이동성 기질(돌, 식물, 모래, 점토 및 식물체 등)에 누적된 영향을 반영한 반면에 이동성 기질을 이용한 연구는 전무한 실정이었다. 본 연구는 소하천 생태계에서 어류 표피에 부착된 미세조류의 종조성과 군집구조를 파악하여 서식처 환경을 분석 평가하고자 시도하였다. 현장 조사에서 우점한 어류는 계류성 어종에 속하는 갈겨니 (Zacco temmincki)와 피라미 (Zacco platypus)이었고, 상대도수는 각각 62%, 19%를 차지하였다. 어류는 광역이동의 대표적인 생물로서 기존의 한 장소에 고정된 부착생물의 기질과는 비교가 될 수 있었고,어류에 부착된 미세조류의 구성으로 볼 때 하천 상하류 구간의 현재 특성을 잘 반영하였다. 부착 미세조류는 규조류가 주류를 이루었고, 다른 분류군도 소수 관찰되었다. 또한, 생태학적 측면에서 하천의 건강성을 평가하는데 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 향후 수환경 평가의 생물학적 도구로 제시하고자 한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2001

Distribution features of foulers attached on 28 ships of 6 main shipping routes (SR) of the Far East Sea Basin were analyzed using various statistical methods. Collections obtained during 1976-1990 in the expeditions by the Institute of Marine Biology were used for the analyses. Samples were taken from the ships during anchorage by SCUBA diving and from dry-docks of Vladivostok ship-repairing yard. In all cases, the distribution patterns of most animals and algal species showed clear contagious patterns. Total biomass of fouling organisms and biomass of attached animals frequently increased along the horizontal direction of ship hulls, from the stem to the sternpost. Animal and algal species were usually located at different sites of the hulls. According to the increasing floating speed, there was, a clear tendency of the displacement in main fouling biomass from the stem to the stem. Any generalizations and deductions concerning the distribution patterns of the foulers from the same SR ships are not always substantiated, but one may see some similarities of the fouler distributions in many cases. Micro-scale turbulence generated by water flow around a ship hull for the distribution of fouling organisms is discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1547-1554
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• 2015

The potential of microalgae biofuel has not been realized because of the low productivity and high costs associated with the current cultivation systems. In this study, a new low-cost and transparent attachment material was tested for cultivation of a filamentous algal strain, Stigeoclonium sp., isolated from wastewater. Initially, the different materials tested for Stigeoclonium cultivation in untreated wastewater were nylon mesh, polyethylene mesh, polypropylene bundle (PB), polycarbonate plate, and viscose rayon. Among the materials tested, PB led to a firm attachment, high biomass (53.22 g/m², dry cell weight), and total lipid yield (5.8 g/m²) with no perceivable change in FAME profile. The Stigeoclonium-dominated biofilm consisted of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharide, which helped in biofilm formation and for effective wastewater treatment (viz., removal efficiency of total nitrogen and total phosphorus corresponded to ~38% and ~90%, respectively). PB also demonstrated high yields under multilayered cultivation in a single reactor treating wastewater. Hence, this system has several advantages over traditional suspended and attached systems, with possibility of increasing areal productivity three times using Stigeoclonium sp. Therefore, multilayered attached growth algal cultivation systems seem to be the future cultivation model for large-scale biodiesel production and wastewater treatment.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2005년도 제22회 학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.100-103
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• 2005

Lichens play an important role in breaking down rocks physically and chemically. Physical weathering occurs mechanically through hyphae and rhizines growing into the rocks. Lichen substances such as oxalic acid, acidic polysaccharides and depsides may assist altering rocks chemically. These actions partly contribute to soil formation but prove harmful for the substratum. Some people do not like to keep lichens on stained glassof churches or on gravestones mainly because of its unglamorous appearance. A biocide, 'Koretrel', is very effective in removing lichens and blue-green algae from the surface of concrete. After spraying 'Koretrel' in the open air, lichens (Caloplaca sp., Endocarpon petrolepideum, Physciella melanchra, Phaeophyscia hispidula, etc.) growing on buildings died within three months and peeled off fromthe substratum. One year after treatment, concrete surfaces were almost lichen free for three or four years. The biocide makesuse of a kind of lichen substance and harmless both for substances and environment. Our recent experiments show that it is also useful for water grasses growing on the surface of an aqueduct of a hydroelectric power station.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.208-211
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• 2003

Characteristics of biosorption of lead by marine algae, Laminaria japonica, were examined. The biosorption capacity of lead by L. japonica was achieved up to 30％ of its own weight and proportional to the initial lead concentration. However, the opposite result was shown in different initial weight of biomass. Ion exchange reaction between lead ions and calcium ions was observed on lead biosorption with Ca-Ioaded biomass. Stoichiometric coefficient, which can represent the exchange ratio between metal ions and protons during elution process, was determined as 1.39. Therefore, it was concluded that the reaction between lead ions already attached in biomass and protons in bulk solution was not fully stoichiometric ion exchange relation at elution process.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2018

Acinetospora asiatica and Botrytella reinboldii are reported as two new records from S. Korea based on morphological studies and molecular analyses. A. asiatica is mainly characterized by the presence of sparsely branched uniseriate filaments with diffused meristematic zones, the formation of crampons at right angles, and the formation of plurilocular sporangia on both prostrate and erect filaments. B. reinboldii is characterized by the presence of irregularly alternating branched uniseriate filaments attached by rhizoids, and single or clustered plurilocular sporangia with a single opening. Molecular analyses of rbcL gene revealed that A. asiatica and B. reinboldii are placed within each clade of Acinetospora and Botrytella, respectively.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2021

긴몰개(Squalidus gracilis majimae)의 생태적 특징을 연구하기 위해 2020년 1월부터 12월까지 낙동강 지류 신안천에서 조사를 실시하였다. 본 종의 서식지 하상구조는 자갈(gravel)과 모래(sand)가 풍부하였으며, 수심은 27~158cm이었고 평균 54cm로 다소 깊었으며, 유속이 0.41±0.19(0.24~0.86)m/sec로 느렸다. 암수 성비는 1 : 0.73이었다. 전장빈도분포도에 따른 연령은 봄(5-6월)기준으로 전장 50mm 미만은 만1년생, 50~69mm은 만 2년생, 70mm 이상은 만 3년생으로 추정되었다. 생식가능 전장의 크기는 암컷이 50mm, 수컷은 60mm 이상이었다. 산란시기는 6월에서 7월(산란성기 6월)이었으며 수온은 20.9~23.4℃ 이었다. 포란수는 평균 1,009(595~1,630)개 이었고 성숙란은 짙은 노란색 구형으로 직경이 0.78±0.08(0.57~0.83)mm이었다. 먹이생은 원생생물(Protozoa), 부착조류(Attached algae), 동물플랑크톤(Zooplankton), 수서곤충(Aquatic insects) 등이었다. 식성은 잡식성이었으나 섭취한 먹이의 양이 80% 이상은 수서곤충인 깔다구류(Chironomidae spp.) 유충의 동물성 먹이를 섭식하고 있었다. 긴몰개의 크기가 클수록 동물성 먹이인 수서곤충을 섭식하는 양과 섭식 빈도가 증가하였으며 수서곤충을 섭식한 개체는 식물성 먹이를 섭취하지 않았다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2022

돌마자(Microphysogobio yaluensis)의 생태적 특징을 연구하기 위해 2021년 1월부터 12월까지 금강지류인 두계천에서 조사를 실시하였다. 본 종의 서식지 하상구조는 조약돌(pebble)과 자갈(gravel)이 풍부하였으며, 수심은 12~85cm로 평균 23cm로 얕았으며, 유속이 1.03±0.34(0.72~1.47)m/sec로 빨랐다. 암수 성비는 1 : 0.86이었다. 전장빈도분포도에 따른 연령은 여름(6~7월)기준으로 50mm 미만(30.4~49mm)은 만1년생, 50~69mm은 만 2년생, 70~92mm 이상은 만3년생으로 추정되었다. 생식가능 전장의 크기는 6, 7월에 암컷과 수컷 모두 50mm 이상의 만2년생에서 성적성숙이 이루어졌다. 산란시기는 7월에서 8월(산란성기 7월)이고 수온은 25.8~28.2℃이었다. 성숙란은 노란색 구형으로 직경이 0.52±0.16(0.33~0.77)mm이고 포란수는 평균 2,593(1,343~4,672)개 이었다. 돌마자의 먹이생물은 하천 여울의 돌과 자갈에 부착하여 생육하는 부착조류(Attached algae)만 확인되었다. 식성은 식물성이었으며 부착조류인 남조류(Cyanophyta), 녹조류(Chlorophyta), 규조류(Bacillariophya) 등을 섭식하였고 규조류와 녹조류에 속하는 종이 풍부하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

To make a preliminary identification of the gracilarioid plant attached to cultivation ropes of Undaria pinnatifida and establish a method of cultivating this plant, the first taxonomic and cultivation studies on this species in Korea were conducted. This gracilarioid plant was identified from its morphological and anatomical features, as Gracilaria chorda. Growth tests using the 10, 20, and 30 cm cuttings of axes of G. chorda were performed twice, from May 3 to August 21, 2002 and from December 15, 2002 to April 3, 2003 in Ihoijin aquafarm, Hoijin, Jangheung, Jeollanamdo, Korea. In the first growing test, the thallus length of the 10, 20, and 30 cm cuttings increased twelve-fold, ten-fold, and seven-fold; the wet weight increased 81-fold, 60-fold, and 41-fold; the numbers of more than 10 cm-long branches increased 3.8-fold, 5.2-fold, and 6.1-fold, respectively. In the second growth test, the thallus length of the 10, 20, and 30 cm cuttings increased seven-fold, 5.5-fold, and four-fold; the wet weight increased 81-fold, 53-fold and 36-fold; the number of branches increased 3.8-fold, 7.3-fold, and 6.6-fold, respectively. The cultivation of G. chorda by vegetative regeneration using cuttings of thallus axes was successful for the first time in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.389-404
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• 2020

Red algal fertilization is unusual and offers a different model to the mechanism of intracellular transport of nuclei and polyspermy blocking. A female carpogonium (egg) undergoes plasmogamy with many spermatia (sperm) simultaneously at the receptive structure, trichogyne, which often contains numerous male nuclei. The pattern of selective transport of a male nucleus to the female nucleus, located in the cell body of the carpogonium, remain largely unknown. We tracked the movement of spermatial nuclei and cell organelles in the trichogyne after plasmogamy using time-lapse videography and fluorescent probes. The fertilization process of Bostrychia moritziana is composed of five distinctive stages: 1) gamete-gamete binding; 2) mitosis in the attached spermatia; 3) formation of a fertilization channel; 4) migration of spermatial nuclei into the trichogyne; and 5) cutting off of the trichogyne cytoplasm from the rest of the cell after karyogamy. Our results showed that actin microfilaments were involved in the above steps of fertilization, microtubules are involved only in spermatial mitosis. Time-lapse videography showed that the first ("primary") nucleus which entered to trichogyne moved quickly to the base of carpogonium and fused with the female nucleus. The transport of the primary male nucleus to the egg nucleus was complete before its second nucleus migrated into the trichogyne. Male nuclei from other spermatia stopped directional movement soon after the first one entered the carpogonial base and oscillated near where they entered trichogyne. The cytoplasm of the trichogyne was cut off at a narrow neck connecting the trichogyne and carpogonial base after gamete nuclear fusion but gamete binding and plasmogamy continued on the trichogyne. Spermatial organelles, including mitochondria, entered the trichogyne together with the nuclei but did not show any directional movement and remained close to where they entered. These results suggest that polyspermy blocking in B. moritziana is achieved by the selective and rapid transport of the first nucleus entered trichogyne and the rupture of the trichogyne after gamete karyogamy.