• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2004

This experiment was executed to control effectively endemic disease of swine farms in Incheon metropolitan city. Mainly using PigMon program which had been developed by the College of Veterinary Medicine in the University of Minnesota(USA), we examined lesions of gastric ulcer and interstitial nephritis additionally. 446 heads of pigs shipped from 5 farms in Incheon to a slaughterhouse from June in 2003 to May in 2004 were examined. Infection rates by farms were obtained as follows; 1. Pneumonia was varied from 34.6% to 74.1% and pneumonic score was 1.47∼7.06. As for atrophic rhinitis, four farms were 100% and one farm was 89.5% and rhinitis score was 1.3∼3.2. 2. The infection rate of pericarditis and peritonitis was 1.0∼3.9% and liver white spots, papular dermatitis were observed in pigs of 9.8∼29.7%, 16.7∼51.4% respectively. 3. The outbreak rates of interstitial nephritis, lesions of ileal thickening and gastric ulcer were 15.4∼24.1%, 7.7∼13.5%, and 62.7%∼86.2% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

Pasteurella multocida is kind of commensal bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. It is classified toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains based on the production of dermonecrotic toxin. Toxigenic strain is most associated with atrophic rhinitis which brings great economical loss in swine industry. However, toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains do not differ by diagnostic biochemical reaction or morphology. One of recently developed techniques, PCR detects the toxigenic P multocida. Amplification of an 846-nucleotide fragment of toxA gene was developed. The fragment amplified by PCR was detected in P multocida type D not type A. The PCR amplification was as sensitive as it could detect 1 pg of P multocida DNA. We compared the result of the PCR with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a test for 40 swine nasal swabs. All of these isolates were toxin negative based on the ELISA while 2 isolates were detected in the PCR technique. in addition to accuracy, as required for rapid detection from contaminated nasal swabs, toxigenic P multocida was recovered efficiently from contaminated culture without inhibition of the PCR. The results show that the PCR detection of toxigenic P multocida directly form nasal swabs are feasible.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-180
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• 2015

For prevention of atrophic rhinitis of swine by Bordetella bronchiseptica and fowl typhoid by Salmonella gallinarum, bacterial strains showing antimicrobial activity against those pathogenic bacteria were isolated from various samples collected at animal farms. Among 372 bacterial isolates strain TK3 showed the highest antibacterial activity against both pathogens, and was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. B. amyloliquefaciens TK3 could inhibit growth of both pathogens by secretion of antibacterial compounds such as siderophore, rhamnolipid and antimicrobial peptide. Production radius of siderophore on Chrome azurol S agar plate by strain TK3 was 0.53 cm after 14 days of incubation, and concentration of siderophore in King's B medium was 1.06 mmol/ml. It also secreted 82.4 mg/L of rhamnolipid, and antimicrobial peptide that completely inhibited growth of both pathogens at concentration of $30{\mu}l/ml$ in LB medium.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 1995

During 2 years from Octorber 1992 to April 1994, prevalence of general respiratory diseases and atrophic rhinitis in the pig herds located in the Western Chungnam was investigated, and isolation of B. bronchiseptica was attempted for the pigs manifested with the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis(AR). The isolates were characterized and identified in aspects of biochemical properties, antigenicity, drug sensitivity and pathogenicity. The results obtained through the experiments are summarized as follows; 1. During 2 years of investigation, the overall prevalence of the general respiratory diseases in the pi8 herds in Western Chungnam was 35.3%, consisting of 35.1% in the pig farms and 38.8% in a slaughter house. The prevalence by age groups accounts for 9.2% in adults, 44.7% in rearings and 25.3% in sucklings. By farm size, The highest prevalence of 56.5% was observed in the smallest farm with 1 to 200 heads. 2. The prevalence of clinical cases of artrophic rhinitis was recorded by 12.7% in the group that is the sows and piglets vaccinated, 28.9% in the group that is the sows only vaccinated and 39.8% in the group of the non-vaccinated groups. In the slaughter house, 53(24.8%) of 214 pigs examined exhibit the AR lesions. 3. A total of 189 strains of B. bronchiseptica were isolated from the pig herds. Isolation rates were 12.6% in the group that is the sows and piglets vaccinated, 34.1% in the group that is the sows only vaccinated and 45.7% in the group of the non-vaccinated groups. Isolation rate in the specimen from the slaughter house was 93( 43.5% ) of 214 pigs examined. Of the AR-non-vaccinated group, the piglets aged bet- ween 61 to 90 days revealed the highest isolation rate of 58.5%. 4. The titers of antibody against B. bronchiseptica were measured by tube agglutination test. The group that is the sow and piglet-vaccinated showed the highest titer of 640-2, 560 in sow and 640longrightarrow5, 120 in piglet. The group that is the sows only-vaccinated revealed 640-2, 560 in sows and 640-1, 280 in piglets. Both of the vaccinated groups showed 100% positive reaction. The group of the non-vaccinated sho-wed relatively lower titer of 0-1, 280 in both of sows and piglets. The positive rate of the sera obtained from the slaughter house was 53.3% with the antibody titer of 0-1, 280. 5. Biochemical and serological properities of 189 isolates were very similar to those of the reference B. bronchiseptical phase I type, indicating that most of isolates are B. bronchiseptica phase I type. 6. In antimicrobial drug susceptibility, 87.3% of 189 isolates was susceptible to chloramphenicol, 79.9%, to amikacin, 64.6%, to cephalothin and less than 35.4% to others. 7. In agar-gel immunodiffusion and SDS-PAGE analysis, the isolates presented the identical antigenicity and protein profiles to the reference standard strains. 8. The whole cells and bacterial filtrates of the isolates were inoculated to guinea pigs and mice. The isolates showed the hish pathogenicity and dermonecrotoxiciy.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2007

Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium, is a causative animal pathogen in porcine atrophic rhinitis and avian fowl cholera. For the development of recombinant subunit vaccine against P. multocida, we cloned and analyzed the gene for outer membrane protein H (ompH) from a native strain of Pasteurella multocida in Korea. The OmpH had significant similarity in both primary and secondary structure with those of other serotypes. The full-length, and three short fragments of ompH were expressed in E. coli and the recombinant OmpH proteins were purified, respectively. The recombinant OmpH proteins were antigenic and detectable with antisera produced by either immunization of commercial vaccine for respiratory disease or formalin-killed cell. Antibodies raised against the full-length OmpH provided strong protection against P. multocida, however, three short fragments of recombinant OmpHs, respectively, showed slightly lower protection in mice challenge. The recombinant OmpH might be a useful vaccine candidate antigen for P. multocida.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 1988

The in vitro drug susceptibility of 83 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica recovered from Korean pigs with atrophic rhinitis was investigated by the use of disk diffusion method. The majority of the organisms were highly resistant in order of prevalence to penicillin(98.7%), ampicillin(91.5%), streptomycin(90.3%), triple sulfa(83.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(70.7%) while none of them were resistant to gentamicin, only 3.6% to colistin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and 6.0% to tetracycline. The percentage of the organism resistant to bicozamycin, cephalothin and neomycin were 34.9%, 34.1% and 18.4%, respectively. A high prevalence of multiple drug resistance was observed and the 3 most common resistant patterns among 35 patterns noted were Am Pc Sm Sss Sxt(26.5%), Am Cf Pc Sm Sss Sxt(12.%) and Am Bm Pc Sm Sss Sxt(9.6%) patterns.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1988

The present study was conducted to investigate the Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Youngnam swine herds during the period from August 1986 to July 1987 and some properties of the organisms isolated from these Korean swine. B. bronchiseptica was recovered from 25 of 70 (35.7%) glowing pigs of 4 to 10 weeks of age and from 12 of 13 (92.3%) herds. From 115 slaughter pigs, 58(50.4%) pigs were culture positive and the pigs from 13 of 14 (92.9%) herds were found to be infected with B. bronchiseptica. The majority of biochemical and cultural properties of B. bronchiseptica isolated from Korean swine were identical to those of the standard strain employed and some 97.6% of the isolates showed the characters of phase I organism on primary isolation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2006

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary and opportunistic human pathogen. In particular, strains of P. multocida serogroup D cause progressive atrophic rhinitis, and produce a potent, intracellular, mitogenic toxin known as P. multocida toxin (PMT), which is encoded by the toxA gene. To further investigate the toxigenic and pathogenic effects of PMT, a toxA-deleted mutant was developed by homologous gene recombination. When administrated to mice, the toxigenicity of the toxA mutant P. multocida was drastically reduced, suggesting that the PMT constributes the major part of the toxigenicity of P, multocida. Similar results were obtained in a subsequent experiment, while high mortalities were observed when toxA(+) P. multocida bacterial culture or culture Iysate were administrated. Mice immunized with toxA(-) P. multocida were not protected (none survived) following challenge with toxA(+) P. multocida or bacterial culture Iysate (toxin). These results suggest that the toxigenicity of P. multocida is mainly derived from PMT.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2018

Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease in which the anterior inner wall of the tracheobronchus changes because of abnormal chondrogenesis or ossification, while the posterior wall of the trachea is spared. The etiology is not clearly understood, but may relate with chronic infection, inflammation, and trauma. In some case studies, it has also been reported to be accompanied by other chronic diseases such as atrophic rhinitis and amyloidosis. However, Coexistence of TO and tuberculosis has rarely been reported, and has never been reported in Korea. Here, we report a case of a 70-year-old male patient who complained of hemoptysis and whose case was diagnosed as TO and pulmonary tuberculosis through bronchoscopy with bronchial washing and biopsy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1529-1536
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• 2006

We cloned a gene of ompH(D:4) from pigs infected with P. multocida D:4 in Korea [16]. The gene is composed of 1,026 nucleotides coding 342 amino acids (aa) with a signal peptide of 20 aa (GenBank accession number AY603962). In this study, we analyzed the ability of the ompH(D:4) to induce protective immunity against a wild-type challenge in mice. To determine appropriate epitope(s) of the gene, one full and three different types of truncated genes of the ompH(D:4) were constructed by PCR using pET32a or pRSET B as vectors. They were named ompH(D:4)-F (1,026 bp [1-1026] encoding 342 aa), ompH(D:4)-t1 (693 bp [55-747] encoding 231 aa), ompH(D:4)-t2 (561 bp [187-747] encoding 187 aa), and ompH(D:4)-t3 (540 bp [487-1026] encoding 180 aa), respectively. The genes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Their gene products, polypeptides, OmpH(D:4)-F, -t1, -t2, and -t3, were purified individually using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity column chromatography. Their $M_rs$ were determined to be 54.6, 29, 24, and 23.2 kDa, respectively, using SDS-PAGE. Antisera against the four kinds of polypeptides were generated in mice for protective immunity analyses. Some $50{\mu}g$ of the four kinds of polypeptides were individually provided intraperitoneally with mice (n=20) as immunogens. The titer of post-immunized antiserum revealed that it grew remarkably compared with pre-antiserum. The lethal dose of the wild-type pathogen was determined at $10{\mu}l$ of live P. multocida D:4 through direct intraperitoneal (IP) injection, into post-immune mice (n=5, three times). Some thirty days later, the lethal dose ($10{\mu}l$) of live pathogen was challenged into the immunized mouse groups [OmpH(D:4)-F, -t1, -t2, and -t3; n=20 each, two times] as well as positive and negative control groups. As compared within samples, the OmpH(D:4)-F-immunized groups showed lower immune ability than the OmpH(D:4)-t1, -t2, and -t3. The results show that the truncated-OmpH(D:4)-t1, -t2, and -t3 can be used for an effective vaccine candidate against swine atrophic rhinitis caused by pathogenic P. multocida (D:4) isolated in Korea.