• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2008

This study was carried out to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu) in water and Bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica) samples collected from Rasheed branch of River Nile, north of El-Giza Governorate, Egypt by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The investigated districts through which the branch passes include El-Manashi, Gezzaya, El Katta, Abo Ghaleb and Wardan. Based on WHO and FAO safety reference standards, the results of the current study showed that water and fish tissues were found to contain heavy metals at significantly variable concentration levels among the investigated districts. They were polluted with respect to all the metals tested at Gezzaya district. However, the levels of analyzed metals in water and fish tissues were found lower than legal limits in other districts. The heavy metals showed differential bioaccumulation in fish tissues of the different districts as the accumulation pattern (as total heavy metal residues) was district dependant as follow: Gezzaya > Wardan > El Katta > Abo Ghaleb > El Manashi.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 1988

It has been suggested that calcium is only one of many metals that compete with toxic metals in the body. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the influence of water hardness on accumulation of heavy metals in rats. The seventy-five rats were divided into control and case groups. Case group was subdivided into four subgroups in proportion to the concentration of water hardness respectively, such as, 0, 250, 500, 1000ppm. Control group was fed on only deionized water, but case groups were fed on hard water with ionized heavy metals (Cd 150mg + Pb 300mg + Cu 300mg/l) for 20, 40, 60 days. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer 2380) in livers and kidneys. The results of the study are summarized as following 1. The concentration of cadmium accumulation showed the tendency of decrease in proportion to water hardness in both livers and kidneys of rats having been fed for only 60 days, respectively. 2. In only livers of rats having been fed for 60 days, essential metal, copper had the tendency of decrease according as hardness in water. 3. It was impossible to compare case with control about the tendency of lead accumulation because there was no difference between the two in livers and kidneys respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

During several visits to the Cebu City landfill in the Philippines, plants were observed growing within the area, including on top of the garbage piles. Studying the response of these plants is important in assessing which can be used in remediating metal contaminated soils. This study aimed to determine whether the plants in the Cebu City landfill excluded or accumulated cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in the plant tissues. The floristic composition of the landfill was analyzed prior to the sample collection. The samples were acid-digested before the desired elements were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The Cd and Cr concentrations in the plant root-zone soil were also measured using AAS. The results indicated that the landfill substrate was generally acidic based on the results of the pH measurement. Of the 32 plant species sampled, Cyperus odoratus showed potential for Cd uptake and internal transfer; Cenchrus echinatus, Vernonia cinerea and Terminalia catappa for Cr uptake, and Cynodon dactylon for Cr internal transfer. The plants in the landfill differed in their response towards the heavy metals. To confirm the behavior of C. odoratus towards Cd, and C. echinatus, C. dactylon, V. cinerea, and T. catappa towards Cr, controlled experiments are recommended, as the plant samples analyzed were collected from the field.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1979

In order to investigate water quality of coastal waters, samples were collected from the six coastal areas of Korean peninsula during summer of 1977, and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed no significant heavy metal pollution in most parts of the studied areas in comparison with results of other countries in literature. However, strong possibility of some specific heavy metal pollution is shown in the specific areas, such as Cu and Pb in the Sea off Cunsan, Pb in Kwangyang Bay and Cd and Pb in Ulsan Bay.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.287-306
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• 1992

The amounts of copper, mercury, silver, tin, and zinc released from conventional, dispersed phase and spherical high copper content amalgam immersed in artificial saliva soln. for periods of 2 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 30 days has been measured using Neutron Activation analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The second electron image and EDX of the surface of samples immersed in artificial saliva were observed using SEM. The following results were obtained. 1. The dispersed non-$\gamma_2$ amalgam released more Hg, Ag than the $\gamma_2$-amalgams. Later a decrease of the release rate could be observed. 2. The dispersed high copper amalgam released more copper than low-copper amalgam and the release rate was decreased with time. But the amounts of copper released from Tytin increased with time. 3. Zinc was released all the experiment time. 4. EDAX showed that surface was composed of Ca,P, Sn, Ag, Zn, and Cu, but C1 was not detected. 5. The discontinued destructed surface was observed from the polished amalgam surface. High copper amalgam was destructed more than low copper amalgam.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 1999

Trace amount of cadmium was quantitatively extracted with 1% Aliquat 336-MIBK from 0.2M KSCN and 0.01M-HCl. Test tubes with a screw cap stopper were used for extraction in place of conventional separating funnels and organic solvents used were less dense than water. In this analysis, 22 times concentration effect was achieved with higher selectivity without interference. The detection limit of cadmium was 0.7ppb, therefore trace cadmium was easily analyzed by this method. The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in blood serum and extraction mechanism was elucidated.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1999

Lidocaine(2-Diethylaminoaceto-2', 6'-xylidide) was transdennally delivered by iontophoresis and the effect of enhancer on the delivery of lidocaine was studied. We delivered lidocaine through the skin of hairless mouse using diffusion cell and investigated the effect of the amount of cation salts such as sodium chloride, calcium acetate, zinc acetate and aluminum acetate on the drug delivery. The amounts of transported drugs and adsorbed metal ions were measured by HPLC(High Perfonnance Liquid Chromatography) and AAS(Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry), respectively. The addition of zinc acetate and aluminum acetate greatly enhanced the delivery of lidocaine. The detection of two metal ions by AAS seemed to support the idea that the astringency effect of these ions were the main reason for the enhancement of transdermal delivery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

The exposure levels of chromium and nickel for chromeplating workers were evaluated. Chromium and nickel concentrations in urine and serum from 82 exposed workers and 69 controls, who were not exposed occupationally to metals, were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. Chromium concentrations in urine of exposed group and control were $3.49{\pm}1.83g/g$ of creatinine, $5.59{\pm}2.83g/g$ of creatinine, and in serum were $0.69{\pm}0.30g/l$, $2.31{\pm}1.16g/l$ respectively. There were significant difference of concentrations for chromium in urine and serum by group respectively. 2. Nickel concentrations in urine of exposed group and control were $0.92{\pm}0.23g/g$ of creatinine, $2.20{\pm}1.93g/g$ of creatinine, and serum concentrations were $0.52{\pm}0.34g/l$, $1.41{\pm}0.74g/l$ respectively. There were significant difference of concentrations for nickel in serum by groups statistically. 3. Chromium and nickel concentrations in urine and serum of exposed groups were not significant by workplaces(grinding, electroplants, packaging).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.4 s.28
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• pp.486-494
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• 1989

Lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in whole blood were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using a simple one-step dilution procedure, which were measured in 3 groups, 98 officers unexposed to dust or to metal, 58 coal miners without pneumoconiosis, and 113 coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients. The results were as follows : 1. The precisions (C. V.%) of lead, iron, and zinc in blood were $12.65{\pm}6.95%,\;1.47{\pm}1.25%\;and\;6.35{\pm}3.34%$, respectively. 2. Lead and zinc in blood showed the log-normal distribution unlike iron in blood which showed normal distribution. 3. Lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in blood of 3 groups were follows : There was significant difference of concentration for zinc in blood by groups statistically. 4. The difference of lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in blood was not significant (p>0.05) by profusion on chest radiographs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

A solvent sublation has been studied for the determination of trace Au(III), Pt(IV) and Pd(II) in waste water with their complexes of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT). Experimental conditions such as the concentration of HCl, the amount of MBT as a ligand, the type and amount of surfactants, bubbling rate and time, and the type of organic solvent were optimized for the solvent sublation, i.e., 25.0 mL of 2.0 M HCl solution and 30mL of 0.4%(w/v) MBT ethanolic solution were added to a 1.0 L sample to form stable complexes. The addition of 4.0 mL of 1 ${\times}$$10^{-3}$ M CTAB (cetyltrimehtylammonium bromide) solution was needed for the effective flotation accomplished by bubbling nitrogen gas at the rate of 40.0 mL/min for 35 minutes. As a solvent, 20.0 mL of MIBK (methylisobuthylketone) was used to extract the floated complexes. The procedure was applied to three kinds of waste waters. Au(III) was determined as 0.68 ng/mL and 0.98 ng/mL respectively for final washed water of two plating industries in Banwol. Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were not detected in any of the three samples. The recovery, which was obtained with analyte-spiked samples, were 95-120%.