• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제35권6_1호
• /
• pp.1011-1030
• /
• 2019

인공위성 또는 항공기에서 사용되는 원격탐사용 센서는 지구 대기를 통과하는 전자기파를 측정하므로, 지구 대기에 의하여 흡수 또는 산란되는 과정에서 지표면의 정보가 영향을 받게 된다. 인공위성은 탑재센서의 사용목적에 따라 파장범위, 해상도가 다르지만, 공통적으로 지구 표면의 대상의 분광신호를 정확히 측정하기 위하여 대기에 의한 영향을 제거해야 하는 대기보정이 이루어져야 한다. 대기보정의 목적은 원격탐사 영상에서 대기 효과를 제거하여 지표면 반사도 값을 결정하고 지표면의 물리적 매개 변수를 도출하는 것이다. 현재까지 개발된 대기보정 알고리즘은 영상기반의 경험적인 방법 또는 현지 관측 자료를 이용한 간접적인 보정 방법에서 보다 복잡한 복사전달과정을 수치해석적으로 해석하는 직접적인 보정 방법으로 발전해 왔다. 본 연구는 지난 40여년 동안 개발된 대기보정 알고리즘에 대한 연구 기록을 분석함으로써, 대기보정 기술의 현황 및 주요 대기보정 알고리즘에 대한 연구 결과를 체계적으로 정립하여 관련 기술의 현황 및 연구동향을 제시하였다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.79-81
• /
• 1983

The effeet of the mass of the earth's atmosphere for gravity is studied. The computed correction value of the air mass effect is g=+0.86-0.0978 h (km) mgal and has always positive sign. In comparision with usual gravity works. this value is relatively large. So that, all gravity works always carry out this correction.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2021

Fields of high-precision positioning applications are growing fast across the mass market worldwide. Accordingly, the industry is focusing on developing methods of applying State-Space Representation (SSR) corrections on low-cost GNSS receivers. Among SSR correction types, this paper analyzes Safe Position Augmentation for Real Time Navigation (SPARTN) messages being offered by the SAfe and Precise CORrection DAta (SAPCORDA) company and validates positioning algorithms based on them. The first part of this paper introduces the SPARTN format in detail. Then, procedures on how to apply Basic-Precision Atmosphere Correction (BPAC) and High-Precision Atmosphere Correction (HPAC) messages are described. BPAC and HPAC messages are used for correcting satellite clock errors, satellite orbit errors, satellite signal biases and also ionospheric and tropospheric delays. Accuracies of positioning algorithms utilizing SPARTN messages were validated with two types of positioning strategies: Code-PPP using GPS pseudorange measurements and PPP-RTK including carrier phase measurements. In these performance checkups, only single-frequency measurements have been used and integer ambiguities were estimated as float numbers instead of fixed integers. The result shows that, with BPAC and HPAC corrections, the horizontal accuracy is 46% and 63% higher, respectively, compared to that obtained without application of SPARTN corrections. Also, the average horizontal and vertical RMSE values with HPAC are 17 cm and 27 cm, respectively.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제34권6_1호
• /
• pp.981-996
• /
• 2018

농업분야에서 지구관측위성을 활용한 원격탐사 자료는 시간적, 공간적, 그리고 효율성 측면에서 다른 방법에 비해 많은 이점을 가진다. 본 연구는 위성영상의 농업활용에 앞서 영상의 대기보정에 따른 반사도와 식생지수의 변화 분석을 위해 다중분광위성자료의 대기상층 반사도(Top of Atmosphere Reflectance; TOA Reflectance)와 대기보정을 통한 표면 반사도(Surface Reflectance)를 산출하여 각 밴드별 반사도, 식생지수를 비교하였다. 그 결과 지상계측센서와 위성에서 관측된 식생지수는 영상의 대기보정을 통해 산출된 표면반사도가 TOA Reflectance 보다 높은 일치율과 상관성을 나타났다. 다중시기 영상에 대하여 대기보정 전/후 NDVI를 비교한 결과 모든 시기에서 대기보정 수행 후 NDVI 상승하였다. 특히 식생 활력도가 높은 수확직전의 시기의 경우 NDVI 상승폭이 크게 나타났다. 서로 다른 반사 특성을 가지는 토지피복의 경우에도 식생 활력도가 높은 마늘, 양파 재배지역과 산림의 경우 0.1 이상의 NDVI 변화를 보였다. 이 같은 결과는 NIR 밴드대역이 수증기 흡수대역에 있어 대기보정으로 인해 영향을 받기 때문이다. 따라서 위성영상을 농업분야에 활용함에 있어 대기보정은 NDVI 분석에 있어 매우 중요한 과정으로 볼 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제37권6_3호
• /
• pp.1951-1963
• /
• 2021

농업환경 모니터링에서 지구관측위성을 활용한 원격탐사 자료는 시·공간적 그리고 효율성 측면에서 다른 방법에 비해 많은 이점을 가진다. 위성에 탑재된 센서는 태양광이 지표면에 반사되어 들어오는 에너지를 측정하므로, 지구의 대기에 의해 산란·흡수·반사되는 과정에서 잡음이 발생한다. 따라서 지표면에 반사되는 에너지(복사휘도)를 정확히 측정하기 위해서는 대기의 효과에 의한 잡음을 제거해야하는 대기보정이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 KOMPSAT-3 위성의 대기보정 적용 및 농업분야 활용성 평가를 위해 대기보정 민감도 분석, 위성 상호간 교차 분석, 지상관측자료와 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 모든 경우에서 대기보정 후 표면 반사율이 대기보정 전 TOA 반사율 보다 상호 일치율이 높게 나타났으며 동일한 기준의 시계열 식생지수 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 대기입력 파라미터의 민감도 및 위성촬영각(Tilt)에 대한 정량적인 분석을 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
• /
• pp.196-200
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the image­based atmospheric correction models using the data from Landsat Enhanced Thermal Mapper Plus (ETM+) that have quite similar spectral characteristics to the forthcoming Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite (KOMPSAT)-2 Multi-Spectral Camera (MSC), and the in-situ measured surface reflectance data during satellite overflight. The main advantage of this type of correction is that it does not require in-situ measurements during each satellite overflight. While substantial differences are present between Top-Of-the Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and in-situ measurements, the results showed that Case 1 based on COST model gives most accurate results among three cases. The accuracy of Case 2 is very close to Case 1 and its values are smaller than in-situ data. No notable features appear between some bands in the Case 3 and in-situ data. It is expected from this study that if the current methods are applied to the IKONOS high resolution data, we will be able to develop the suitable atmospheric correction methods for MSC data.

• 대기
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.205-219
• /
• 2015

In this study, the simulation results of temperature by regional climate model (Reg- CM4) over South Korea were corrected by Hempel et al. (2013)'s method (Hempel method), and evaluated with the observation data of 50 stations from Korea Meteorological Administration. Among the 30 years (1981~2010) of simulation data, 20 years (1981~2000) of simulation data were used as a training data, and the remnant 10 years (2001~2010) data were used for the evaluation of correction. In general, the Hempel method and parametric quantile mapping show a reasonable correction both in mean and extreme climate of temperature. As the results, the systematic underestimation of mean temperature was greatly reduced after bias correction by Hempel method. And the overestimation of extreme climate, such as the number of TN5% and freezing day, was significantly recovered. In addition to that, the Hempel method better preserved the temporal trend of simulated temperature than other bias correction methods, such as the quantile mapping. However, the overcorrection of the extreme climate related to the upper quantile, such as TX5% and hot days, resulted in the exaggeration of the simulation errors. In general, the Hempel method can reduce the systematic biases embedded in the simulation results preserving the temporal trend but it tends to overcorrect the non-linear biases, in particular, extreme climate related to the upper percentile.

• 대기
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.319-333
• /
• 2020

Aircraft observations constitute one of the major sources of temperature observations which provide three-dimensional information. But it is well known that the aircraft temperature data have warm bias against sonde observation data, and therefore, the correction of aircraft temperature bias is important to improve the model performance. In this study, the algorithm of the bias correction modified from operational KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) global model is adopted in the preprocessing of aircraft observations, and the effect of the bias correction of aircraft temperature is investigated by conducting the two experiments. The assimilation with the bias correction showed better consistency in the analysis-forecast cycle in terms of the differences between observations (radiosonde and GPSRO (Global Positioning System Radio Occultation)) and 6h forecast. This resulted in an improved forecasting skill level of the mid-level temperature and geopotential height in terms of the root-mean-square error. It was noted that the benefits of the correction of aircraft temperature bias was the upper-level temperature in the midlatitudes, and this affected various parameters (winds, geopotential height) via the model dynamics.

• 대기
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.467-481
• /
• 2017

A correction method of reflectivity in partial beam blockage (PBB) area is suggested, which is based on the combination of digital terrain information and self-consistency principle between polarimetric observation. First, the reflectivity was corrected by adding the radar energy loss estimated from beam blockage simulation using digital elevation model (DEM) and beam propagation geometry in standard atmosphere. The additional energy loss by unexpected obstacles and non-standard beam propagation was estimated by using the coefficient between accumulated reflectivity ($Z_H$) and differences of differential phase shift (${\Phi}_{DP}$) along radial direction. The proposed method was applied to operational S-band dual-polarization radar at Jindo and its performance was compared with those of simulation method and self-consistency method for six rainfall cases. When the accumulated reflectivity and increment of ${\Phi}_{DP}$ along radial direction are too small, the self-consistency method has failed to correct the reflectivity while the combined method has corrected the reflectivity bias reasonably. The correction based on beam simulation showed the underestimation. For evaluation of rainfall estimation, the FBs (FRMSEs) of simulation method and self-consistency principle were -0.32 (0.59) and -0.30 (0.57), respectively. The proposed method showed the lowest FB (-0.24) and FRMSE (0.50). The FB and FMSE were improved by about 18% and by 19% in comparison to those before correction (-0.42 and 0.70). We can conclude that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of rainfall estimation in PBB area.

• 대기
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2004

A technique on atmospheric correction algorithm to the multi-band reflectance of Landsat TM imagery has been developed using an atmospheric radiation transfer model for eliminating the atmospheric and surface diffusion effects. Despite the fact that the technique of satellite image processing has been continually developed, there is still a difference between the radiance value registered by satellite borne detector and the true value registered at the ground surface. Such difference is caused by atmospheric attenuations of radiance energy transfer process which is mostly associated with the presence of aerosol particles in atmospheric suspension and surface irradiance characteristics. The atmospheric reflectance depend on atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration, and closely related to geographical and environmental surface characteristics. Therefore, when the effects of surface diffuse and aerosol reflectance are eliminated from the satellite image, it is actually corrected from atmospheric optical conditions. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for making atmospheric correction in satellite image. The study is processed with the correction function which is developed for eliminating the effects of atmospheric path scattering and surface adjacent pixel spectral reflectance within an atmospheric radiation model. The diffused radiance of adjacent pixel in the image obtained from accounting the average reflectance in the $7{\times}7$ neighbourhood pixels and using the land cover classification. The atmospheric correction functions are provided by a radiation transfer model of LOWTRAN 7 based on the actual atmospheric soundings over the Korean atmospheric complexity. The model produce the upward radiances of satellite spectral image for a given surface reflectance and aerosol optical thickness.