• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.643-652
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• 2005

Saturated nucleate pool boiling experiments for binary mixtures, which are consisted of refrigerant R11 and R113, were performed with constant wall temperature condition. Results for binary mixtures were also compared with pure fluids. A microscale heater array and Wheatstone bridge circuits were used to maintain the constant temperature of the heating surface and to obtain heat flow rate measurements with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Bubble growth images were captured using a high speed CCD camera synchronized with the heat flow rate measurements. The departure time for binary mixtures was longer than that for pure fluids, and binary mixtures had a higher onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) temperature than pure fluids. In the asymptotic growth region, the bubble growth rate was proportional to a value between $t^{\frac{1}{6}}$ and $t^{\frac{1}{4}}$. The bubble growth behavior was analyzed to permit comparisons with binary mixtures and pure fluids at the same scale using dimensionless parameters. There was no discernable difference in the bubble growth behavior between binary mixtures and pure fluids for a given ONB temperature. And the departure radius and time were well predicted within a ${\pm}30{\%}$ error. The minimum heat transfer coefficient of binary mixtures occurred near the maximum ${\mid}y-x{\mid}$ value, and the average required heat flux during bubble growth did not depend on the mass fraction of R11 as more volatile component in binary mixtures. Finally, the results showed that for binary mixtures, a higher ONB temperature had the greatest effect on reducing the heat transfer coefficient.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

지반에 포함된 입자의 용해작용은 흙의 강도를 저하시키고, 지하구조물의 침하를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 입자용해시 혼합재의 물리적 특성 변화를 조사하고자 하였다. 침하량 측정과 전단파 측정과 같은 거시적 반응을 평가하기 위해, 소금과 모래로 구성된 혼합재를 사용하였다. 또한, 광탄성(photoelastic) 디스크와 얼음 디스크 혼합재를 이용하여 힘 연결고리(force chain), 간극, 접촉점수(coordination number), 그리고 수평력 변화와 같은 미시적 거동을 분석하였다. 소금-모래 혼합재에서 전단파는 압밀셀에 설치된 다단의 벤더 엘리먼트로 측정되었고, 광탄성 디스크-얼음 디스크 혼합재의 역학적 거동은 로드셀과 디지털 이미지를 이용하여 분석되었다. 실험결과, 소금의 용해시 전단파 속도는 초기에는 감소한 후에 증가한 후 일정한 값으로 수렴하였다. 용해가능 입자의 크기가 커질수록 그리고 입자패킹이 불규칙해질수록 입자용해시 수평력의 변화가 더 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 용해 후, 간극비는 증가했고, 접촉점수는 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 힘 연결고리, 간극비, 접촉점수와 같은 입자의 거동변화가 전단파 속도와 전체시스템의 수평력 변화 같은 전체적인 거동에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권6B호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 이론적 배경을 토대로 사행 하천의 만곡부에 적용하기 용이한 횡분산계수 경험공식을 새롭게 제안하였다. 차원해석을 통한 독립변수들의 선정 대신 이론식을 기반으로 독립변수들과 그들의 함수형태를 우선 결정하였다. 결정된 함수식에서 매개변수를 골라내고 이를 고정하는 대신 회귀계수로 전환하여 실제 하천 만곡부에 적합한 경험식을 비선형회귀분석을 통해 제안하였다. 기존의 횡분산계수식들과 비교해 보면 본 연구에서 개발된 식이 관측 분산계수와 대체적으로 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 개발된 식의 특징을 살펴보면 마찰항에 대한 민감도가 상대적으로 적어 조도가 작은 하천에도 적용하기에 무리가 없어 보인다. 또한 개발된 식은 수심 대비 사행반경의 비가 큰 경우에도 기존의 추정식처럼 이상치를 나타낼 우려가 없어 만곡이 심한 사행하천에 적용하기 적합하다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.583-611
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• 1998

We consider a general class of real-valued Levy processes {X(t), $t\geq0$}, and obtain suitable large deviation results for the empiricals L(t, A) defined by $t^{-1}{\int^t}_01_A$(X(s)ds for t > 0 and a Borel subset A of R. These results are used to obtain the asymptotic behavior of P{Z(t) < a}, where Z(t) = $sup_{u\leqt}\midx(u)\mid$ as $t\longrightarrow\infty$, in terms of the rate function in the large deviation principle. A subclass of these processes is the Feller class: there exist nonrandom functions b(t) and a(t) > 0 such that {(X(t) - b(t))/a(t) : t > 0} is stochastically compact, i.e., each sequence has a weakly convergent subsequence with a nondegenerate limit. The stable processes are in this class, but it is much larger. We consider processes in this class for which b(t) may be taken to be zero. For any t > 0, we consider the renormalized process ${X(u\psi(t))/a(\psi(t)),u\geq0}$, where $\psi$(t) = $t(log log t)^{-1}$, and obtain large deviation probability estimates for $L_{t}(A)$ := $(log log t)^{-1}$${\int_{0}}^{loglogt}1_A$$(X(u\psi(t))/a(\psi(t)))dv$. It turns out that the upper and lower bounds are sharp and depend on the entire compact set of limit laws of {X(t)/a(t)}. The results extend to random walks in the Feller class as well. Earlier results of this nature were obtained by Donsker and Varadhan for symmetric stable processes and by Jain for random walks in the domain of attraction of a stable law.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.638-651
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• 2000

When the bandwidth resources in a packet-switched network are shared among sessions by MAX-MIN flow control each session is required to transmit its data into the network subject to the MAX-MIN fair rate which is solely determined by network loadings. This passive behavior of sessions if fact can cause seri-ous QoS(Quality of Service) degradation particularly for real-time multimedia sessions such as video since the rate allocated by the network can mismatch with what is demanded by each session for its QoS. In order to alleviate this problem we extend the concept of MAX-MIN fair bandwidth allocations as follows: Individual bandwidth demands are guaranteed if the network can accommodate them and only the residual network band-width is shared in the MAX-MIN fair sense. On the other hand if sum of the individual bandwidth demands exceeds the network capacity the shortage of the bandwidth is shared by all the sessions by reducing each bandwidth guarantee by the MAX-MIN fair division of the shortage. we present a novel flow control algorithm to achieve this extended MAX-MIN fairness and show that this algorithm can be implemented by the existing ATM ABR service protocol with minor changes. We not only analyze the steady state asymptotic stability and convergence rate of the algorithm by appealing to control theories but also verify its practical performance through simulations in a variety of network scenarios.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2002

Recent results obtained for the port-pom model and the constitutive equations with time-strain separability are examined. The time-strain separability in viscoelastic systems Is not a rule derived from fundamental principles but merely a hypothesis based on experimental phenomena, stress relaxation at long times. The violation of separability in the short-time response just after a step strain is also well understood (Archer, 1999). In constitutive modeling, time-strain separability has been extensively employed because of its theoretical simplicity and practical convenience. Here we present a simple analysis that verifies this hypothesis inevitably incurs mathematical inconsistency in the viewpoint of stability. Employing an asymptotic analysis, we show that both differential and integral constitutive equations based on time-strain separability are either Hadamard-type unstable or dissipative unstable. The conclusion drawn in this study is shown to be applicable to the Doi-Edwards model (with independent alignment approximation). Hence, the Hadamardtype instability of the Doi-Edwards model results from the time-strain separability in its formulation, and its remedy may lie in the transition mechanism from Rouse to reptational relaxation supposed by Doi and Edwards. Recently in order to describe the complex rheological behavior of polymer melts with long side branches like low density polyethylene, new constitutive equations called the port-pom equations have been derived in the integral/differential form and also in the simplifled differential type by McLeish and carson on the basis of the reptation dynamics with simplifled branch structure taken into account. In this study mathematical stability analysis under short and high frequency wave disturbances has been performed for these constitutive equations. It is proved that the differential model is globally Hadamard stable, and the integral model seems stable, as long as the orientation tensor remains positive definite or the smooth strain history in the flow is previously given. However cautious attention has to be paid when one employs the simplified version of the constitutive equations without arm withdrawal, since neglecting the arm withdrawal immediately yields Hadamard instability. In the flow regime of creep shear flow where the applied constant shear stress exceeds the maximum achievable value in the steady flow curves, the constitutive equations exhibit severe instability that the solution possesses strong discontinuity at the moment of change of chain dynamics mechanisms.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2006

대부분의 자료는 여러가지 원인으로 인한 특이치로 오염되어 있으며, 이러한 상황에서 신뢰성 있는 추정량을 얻어내고 이에 대한 통계적 추론을 시행하는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 이제까지 제안된 로버스트 회귀추정량들은 계산상의 어려움과 정규오차모형에서 최소제곱추정량에 비하여 떨어지는 효율성때문에 통계적 추론의 정확성을 확신할 수 없었다. 최근 제안된 Lee(2004)의 가중자기조율회귀추정량(weighted self-tuning estimator, WSTE)은 다른 로버스트 회귀추정량에 비하여 정확한 계산과정과 그에 따른 추정량의 점근적 정규성 및 고붕괴점을 갖는다. 그러나 통계적 추론을 위하여 이제까지 널리 사용해왔던 로버스트 추정량에 기반한 가중최소제곱추정방법(weighted least squares estimator)은 WSTE에서조차 정규오차모형하에서 최소제곱추정량과 동일한 수준의 효율성을 제공해주지 는 못한다. 본 논문에서는 WSTE에 기반한 또다른 통계적 추론 방법을 제안하고, 이 방법을 사용함으로써 정규오차모형 및 대표본에서 보다 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 몬테칼로 모의실험을 통해 제시하였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

Metaloganic chemical vapor deposition, also known as metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy has become one of the main techniques for growing thin, high purity films for compound semiconductors such as GaAs, InP, and InGaAsP. In this study, the distribution of growth rate and composition of InGaAsP, InGaP, and InGaAs films are studied using computational method. The influences of process parameters such as pressure, temperature and precursors' partial pressure on the growth rate and composition distributions are analyzed. The film growth rate is increased in the upstream part according to the increase of temperature but not in the downstream part. The Ga composition in InGaAsP film shows an asymptotic behavior for temperature variation but As composition varies significantly within the temperature range considered in the present study. The overall film growth rates of InGaP, InGaAs and InGaAsP are decreased with increasing the Ga/In ratios of the source gases. Pressure variation does not seem to be a significant parameter to the film growth. Film growth characteristics of tertiary films such as InGaP and InGaAs show similar trends to the quaternary film, InGaAsP.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2007

본 논문은 MMSE 수신기를 가지는 MIMO MC-CDMA시스템에서의 출력 SINR을 분석한다. 단일 안테나에서의 분석을 위한 가정들이 다중안테나에 바로 확장 적용되지 않기 때문에 단일 안테나를 가지는 MC-CDMA시스템에 대한 기존의 성능 분석은 MIMO MC-CDMA 시스템에 바로 적용하지 못한다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 Marcenko Pastur law와 확장된 Haar 유니터리 행렬의 특성을 이용하여 MIMO system에 대한 성능 분석을 시도한다. 분석을 통해 확산 코드 길이가 무한대로 갈 때 출력 SINR이 특정값으로 접근함을 보이고 그 값을 freeness가정을 통해 구하여 비트 오차확률을 구하고 실험과 비교한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2005

Nucleate boiling experiments on heating surface of constant wall temperature were performed using R113 for almost saturated pool boiling conditions. A microscale heater array and Wheatstone bridge circuits were used to maintain a constant wall temperature condition of heating surface and to measure the heat flow rate with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Bubble images during the bubble growth were taken as 5000 frames per second using a high-speed CCD camera synchronized with the heat flow rate measurements. The bubble growth behavior was analyzed using the new dimensionless parameters for each growth regions to permit comparisons with previous experimental results at the same scale. We found that the new dimensionless parameters can describe the whole growth region as initial and later (thermal) respectively. The comparisons showed good agreement in the initial and thermal growth regions. In the initial growth region including surface tension controlled, transition and inertia controlled regions as divided by Robinson and Judd, the bubble growth rate showed that the bubble radius was proportional to $t^{2/3}$ regardless of working fluids and heating conditions. And in the thermal growth region as also called asymptotic region, the bubble showed a growth rate that was proportional to $t^{1/5}$, also. Those growth rates were slower than the growth rates proposed in previous analytical analyses. The required heat flow rate for the volume change of the observed bubble was estimated to be larger than the heat flow rate measured at the wall. Heat, which is different from the instantaneous heat supplied through the heating wall, can be estimated as being transferred through the interface between bubble and liquid even with saturated pool condition. This phenomenon under a saturated pool condition needs to be analyzed and the data from this study can supply the good experimental data with the precise boundary condition (constant wall temperature).