• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.495-509
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• 2015

We study a classification problem of significant differences in the proportion of two groups known as the unbalanced classification problem. It is usually more difficult to classify classes accurately in unbalanced data than balanced data. Most observations are likely to be classified to the bigger group if we apply classification methods to the unbalanced data because it can minimize the misclassification loss. However, this smaller group is misclassified as the larger group problem that can cause a bigger loss in most real applications. We compare several classification methods for the unbalanced data using sampling techniques (up and down sampling). We also check the total loss of different classification methods when the asymmetric loss is applied to simulated and real data. We use the misclassification rate, G-mean, ROC and AUC (area under the curve) for the performance comparison.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.899-910
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• 2004

In this paper we have proposed a new loss function, namely, non-linear exponential(NLINEX) loss function, which is quite asymmetric in nature. We obtained the Bayes estimator under exponential(LINEX) and squared error(SE) loss functions. Moreover, a numerical comparison among the Bayes estimators of power function distribution under SE, LINEX, and NLINEX loss function have been made.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2008

A geometrically asymmetric trapezoidal fin is analyzed using the one-dimensional analytic method. Heat loss and thermal resistance are represented as a function of the fin base thickness, base height, fm shape factor, inside fluid convection characteristic number, convection characteristic numbers ratio, fm length and ambient convection characteristic number. The relationship between the fin base height and the shape factor for equal amounts of heat loss is presented. One of the results shows that the variations of the fm base thickness and the inside fluid convection characteristic number give no effect on the thermal resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2002

The dimensionless heat loss from a modified asymmetric rectangular fin is investigated as a function of the fin top and tip Biot numbers using the two-dimensional separation of variables method. A rectangular fin is modified by attaching the wing on the top side of the fin. Fin effectiveness and efficiency with the variation of the location of the wing and the width of the wing are presented. The relationship between top surface Biot number and bottom surface Biot number as well as the relationship between the dimensionless wing height and the location of the wing for equal amount of heat loss is also discussed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.24-31
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• 2020

In non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), the degraded performance of the weaker channel gain user is a problem. In this paper, we propose the asymmetric binary pulse amplitude modulation (2PAM), to improve the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the weaker channel user in NOMA with the tolerable BER loss of the stronger channel user. First, we design the asymmetric 2PAM, calculate the total allocated power, and derive the closed-form expression for the BER of the proposed scheme. Then it is shown that the BER of the weaker channel user improves, with the small BER loss of the stronger channel user. The superiority of the proposed scheme is also validated by demonstating that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of the weaker channel user is about 10 dB, with the SNR loss of 3 dB of the stronger channel user. In result, the asymmetric 2PAM could be considered in NOMA of 5G systems. As a direction of the future research, it would be meaningful to analyze the achievable data rate for the propsed scheme.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2021

As the number of mobile devices has been increasing tremendously, system capacity should be enlarged in future next generation communication, such as the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) mobile networks. For such future networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as promising multiple access technology. In this paper, to reduce both latency and complexity in existing NOMA, we propose non-successive interference cancellation (SIC) NOMA with asymmetric binary pulse amplitude modulation (2PAM), nearly without bit-error rate (BER) loss. First, we derive the closed form of BER expressions for non-SIC NOMA with asymmetric 2PAM, especially under Rayleigh fading channels. Then, it is shown that the BER performance of the stronger channel user who is supposed to perform SIC in conventional NOMA can be nearly achieved by the proposed non-SIC NOMA with asymmetric 2PAM, especially without SIC. Furthermore, we also show that the BER performance of the weaker channel user in conventional NOMA can be more closely achieved by the proposed non-SIC NOMA with asymmetric 2PAM. These BERs are shown to be achieved over the part of the power allocation range, which is consistent with the NOMA principle of user fairness. As a result, the non-SIC NOMA scheme with asymmetric 2PAM could be considered as a promising NOMA scheme toward next generation communication.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.526-531
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• 2019

The vertebrate body plan is accomplished by left-right asymmetric organ development and the heart is a representative asymmetric internal organ which jogs to the left-side. Kupffer's vesicle (KV) is a spherical left-right organizer during zebrafish embryogenesis and is derived from a cluster of dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs). Cadherin1 is required for collective migration of a DFC cluster and failure of DFC collective migration by Cadherin1 decrement causes KV malformation which results in defective heart laterality. Recently, loss of function mutation of A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) is reported as a high-risk gene in congenital heart disease patients. In this study, we demonstrated the role of $akap12{\beta}$ in asymmetric heart development. The $akap12{\beta}$, one of the akap12 isoforms, was expressed in DFCs which give rise to KV and $akap12{\beta}$-deficient zebrafish embryos showed defective heart laterality due to the fragmentation of DFC clusters which resulted in KV malformation. DFC-specific loss of $akap12{\beta}$ also led to defective heart laterality as a consequence of the failure of collective migration by cadherin1 reduction. Exogenous $akap12{\beta}$ mRNA not only restored the defective heart laterality but also increased cadherin1 expression in $akap12{\beta}$ morphant zebrafish embryos. Taken together, these findings provide the first experimental evidence that $akap12{\beta}$ regulates heart laterality via cadherin1.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

The characteristics of pressure loss in an asymmetric bifurcating tube were investigated numerically for steady inspiratory conditions. The loss coefficient K calculated for various asymmetry and flow-distribution ratios found in human lung airways showed a power-law dependence on the Reynolds number (Re) and length-to-diameter ratio (L/d), with different exponents for Re $\geq$ 100 and Re < 100. The fundamental characteristics of the asymmetric bifurcation are similar to the case of symmetric bifurcation. In addition, the effect of skewed inlet velocity profiles on the pressure loss was weak, and decreased with an increasing number of bifurcations.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2017

Rigorous longitudinal modal transmission-line theory (L-MTLT) is applied to analyze maximum power transfer in asymmetric grating-assisted directional couplers(A-GADC). By defining a coupling efficiency amenable to rigorous analytical solutions and interference between symmetric and asymmetric supermodes, the power exchange of TE modes as a function of propagation distance is numerically evaluated. The numerical result reveals that maximum power transfer occurs at a grating period ${\Lambda}_{eq}$, in which the insertion loss of supermodes is equal to each other. That is, it is generally different from conventional phase-matching condition of GADC. Furthermore, as the asymmetric profile of grating change to symmetrical profile, the coupling length decreases and the coupling efficiency for power transmission increases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Performance of the asymmetric trapezoidal fin with various upper lateral surface slopes is investigated by using the two-dimensional analytic method. For a fin base boundary condition, convection from the inner fluid to the inner wall, conduction from the inner wall to the fin base and conduction through the fin base are considered. Heat loss and fin efficiency are represented as a function of the fin base thickness, base height, inner fluid convection characteristic number, fin tip length and fin shape factor. One of the results shows that heat loss increases while fin efficiency decreases as the fin shape factor increases.