• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Bilateral microphones with contralateral routing of signal (BiCROS) hearing aid is an option for hearing rehabilitation in individuals with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL). The clinical factors influencing the trial and purchase of BiCROS were investigated. Subjects and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 78 patients with ASNHL who were recommended to use BiCROS and analyzed the demographic and audiological factors influencing the trial and purchase of BiCROS. Results: Among the 78 patients, 52 (66.7%) availed of the free BiCROS trial and 21 (26.9%) purchased BiCROS. The mean pure tone audiometry (PTA) air conduction (AC) threshold of the better- and worse-hearing ears were 44.2±12.8 dB and 90.7±22.5 dB HL, respectively. The decision for trial or purchase of BiCROS was not influenced by age, sex, duration of hearing loss of the worse-hearing ear, or PTA AC threshold or speech discrimination score of both ears. The first and third quartiles of the PTA AC thresholds for the better-hearing ear of BiCROS buyers were 38.75 dB and 53.75 dB HL, respectively. The counterpart values for the worse-hearing ear were 72.50 dB and 118.75 dB HL, respectively. Conclusions: The clinical factors analyzed in this study were found to be irrelevant to the trial and purchase of BiCROS in patients with ASNHL. Nevertheless, the distribution range of the auditory thresholds of the subjects using BiCROS can be a useful basis for the counseling of patients with ASNHL and selection of candidates for BiCROS use.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation restriction of chronic stroke patients based on international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) model. Sixty-eight stroke patients participated. The participants were assessed participation restriction using the Korean version of London handicap scale (K-LHS), modified Barthel index (K-MBI) to measure activities of daily living, Berg balance scale (K-BBS) to assess balance, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression (K-CES-D) to gauge depression. Also, 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), gait velocity, asymmetric posture, and family support were assessed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to explore the factors determining participation restriction. There were no significant different in the K-LHS and K-MBI results by gender (p>.05). Correlations between the K-LHS and K-MBI (r=-.656), K-BBS (r=-.543), K-CES-D (r=.266), 3MWT (r=-.363), gait velocity (r=.348), and family support (r=-.389) were significant (p<.05). Also, the K-MBI and family support were the factors that determined participation restriction (p<.05) and that 40.2% of the variation in the K-LHS can be explained. Therefore, it is suggested that evaluation and intervention of patient's activity level and extent of family support is necessary to reduce participation restriction of chronic stroke patients.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.511-535
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• 2017

Internet banking is one of many services provided by financial institutions that have become very popular with an increasing trend. Due to the increased amount of usage of the service, Internet banking has become a target from adversaries. One of the points that are at risk of an attack is the login process. Therefore, it is necessary to have a security mechanism that can reduce this risk. This research designs and develops a multi-factor authentication protocol, starting from a registration system, which generates authentication factors, to an actual authentication mechanism. These factors can be categorised into two groups: short term and long term. For the authentication protocol, only three messages need to be exchanged between a client and a financial institution's server. Many cryptographic processes are incorporated into the protocol, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, a symmetric key generation process, a method for generating and verifying digital signatures. All of the authentication messages have been proved and analysed by the logic of GNY and the criteria of OWASP-AT-009. Even though there are additional factors of authentication, users do not really feel any extra load on their part, as shown by the satisfactory survey.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

Purpose - This study empirically investigates whether the risk property included in fat-tails of return distributions is systematic or unsystematic based on the devised statistical methods. Design/methodology/approach - This study devised empirical designs based on two traditional methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and the testing method of portfolio diversification effect. The fatness of the tails in return distributions is quantitatively measured by statistical probability. Findings - According to the results, the risk property in the fat-tails of return distributions has the economic meanings of eigenvalues having a value greater than 1 through PCA, and also systematic risk that cannot be removed through portfolio diversification. In other words, the fat-tails of return distributions have the properties of the common factors, which may explain the changes of stock returns. Meanwhile, the fatness of the tails in the portfolio return distributions shows the asymmetric relationship of common factors on the tails of return distributions. The negative tail in the portfolio return distribution has a much closer relation with the property of common factors, compared to the positive tail. Research implications or Originality - This empirical evidence may complement the existing studies related to tail risk which is utilized in pricing models as a common factor.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.550-572
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• 2009

This paper investigates the textile negotiations between Korea and the U.S. which Korea, as a weaker party in the bilateral trade negotiation, was recognized as making a good performance by Odell(1985). Using the documents of Korean governments at the time - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry - telegrams and reports from various sources the paper picks a leveling factor during the negotiations. In the paper, we used a dynamic concept of power for describing the negotiating power, and showed Korea succeeded in making the negotiation symmetric using the Special Cooperative Relationship(SCR) as one of the most conspicuous leveling factors during the textile negotiations with the U.S. The paper contributes to finding the factors that can be used in the negotiations with power asymmetry as a leveling factor for weaker country. Also, based on the findings from the paper, future negotiators can get insights on which factors be used, and how to use those factors for leveling the negotiations with a stronger counterpart.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.94-108
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• 2004

In order to clarify the efficiency of ground level change in Ice-valley on atmospheric circulation, numerical experiment was carried out. The circulations over the slope in North and South are different due to the topography and short wave radiation in Ice-valley. Therefore the circulations in both side are asymmetric and the asymmetric circulations are kept on at 1800 LST. A small difference of the atmospheric circulations formation is made due to the road construction at night. The reason may be the weakness of sensible heat flux from the road and other factors except that the sensible heat is not a principal factor in road construction. The construction of road is associated with growing of sensible heat from the road surface. For this reason, in case of daytime, ascending wind in north slope is more stronger with the road than that without road. The maximum wind speed becomes 4.67 m/s after road construction. And the position of the road is also an important factor in estimation of mesoscale circulation in mountainous area.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

The function of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was assessed by electromyography in 30 patients with mandibular prognathism (20 patients with facial asymmetry and 10 patients without facial asymmetry) before orthognathic surgery and 4weeks afterwards. Electromyogram(EMG) recordings were made during resting, clenching and swallowing. We compared with right-left difference of this recording and asymmetry index before and after orthognathic surgery. The result of this study was as follows. 1. There was no significant right-left difference in muscle activities of masticatory muscles both asymmetric groups and controls and many variable change after orthognathic surgery.(P>0.05) 2. The mean electric activity of the masticatory muscles was found to have decreased during more clenching than resting, but there was no statistically significant difference because of individual difference of measuring values.(P>0.05) 3. The asymmetry index of masticatory muscles in asymmetric groups was significantly greater during clenching compared with controls.(P<0.05) In conclusion, no right-left difference of muscle activities was found in patients with facial asymmetry before orthognathic surgery and 4weeks afterwards. Not only muscular functioning but also many other factors, such as occlusion, temporomandibular joint disorder and trauma, probably affect facial asymmetry and will be analyzed in future studies. And we will need long term follow-up after orthognathic surgery.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2016

As wind turbines are getting larger in size with multi-MW capacity, the blades are getting longer, over 40 m, and hence the asymmetric loads produced during the rotation of the rotor blades are increasing. Some factors such as wind shear, tower shadow, and turbulence have an effect on the asymmetric loads on the blades. This paper focuses on a method of modeling the dynamic load acting on a blade because of thrust variation under wind shear. A method that uses thrust coefficient is presented. For this purpose, "wind shear coefficient of thrust variation" is defined and introduced. Further, we calculate the values of the "wind shear coefficient of thrust variation" for a 2 MW on-shore wind turbine, and analyze them for speeds below the rated wind speed. Then, we implement a dynamic model that represents the thrust variation under wind shear on a blade, using MATLAB/Simulink. It is shown that it is possible to express thrust variations on three blades under wind shear by using both thrust coefficient and "wind shear coefficient of thrust variation."

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2020

The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors that affect the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of fully annealed Cu sheet is low, due to its texture being {001}<100>. In this study, in order to increase the plastic strain ratio of Cu sheets we investigated the effect of two treatments: 1^st the sheet was asymmetrically rolled and annealed, and 2^nd the sheet was symmetrically and asymmetrically rolled and subsequently annealed. The average plastic strain ratio (R_m) of the initial Cu sheet was 0.95 and |Δr| was 1.27. After the 2^nd treatment of 5.3% symmetric rolling and annealing of Cu sheet at 1000℃ for 60 min in Ar gas condition, the R_m was 2.29 times higher and the |Δr| was 1.44 times higher than that of initial Cu sheet specimen. After the 2^nd treatment of 8.2% asymmetric rolling and annealing of Cu sheet at 1000℃ for 60 min in Ar gas conditions, the R_m was 2.51 times higher and |Δr| was 0.53 times lower than that of the initial Cu sheet specimen. These results can be attributed to the change in texture of the Cu sheets due to the differences in the two methods of rolling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.333-343
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• 2010

In Mokpo coastal zone, the characteristics showing ebb-dominant tidal flow was confirmed by analysis of observed tide and tidal currents, Physical factors occurring ebb-dominant flow were reviewed. Influence of critical depth for drying, bottom shear stress, coastal reclamation, tidal amplitude, nonlinear tide, and eddy viscosity on the change of ebb-dominant flow was investigated by applying a two-dimensional circulation model. The simulation results for a variety of conditions showed that eddy viscosity and critical depth for drying does little or no impact on the generation of asymmetric flow. Strong bottom friction stress makes ebb-dominant flow clearly. Change of tidal flat into land swells ebb- dominant flow, and change of tidal flat into sea disappears ebb-dominant flow. Nonlinear tides play a decisive role in the generation of asymmetrical tidal flow. Non-linear tides should be included in the open boundary conditions of hydrodynamic modeling in the Mokpo coastal zone.