• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.421-428
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• 2017

The need for various approaches to non-face-to-face identification technology for registering and authenticating users online is being required because of the growth of online financial services and the rapid development of financial technology. In general, non-face-to-face approaches can be exposed to a greater number of threats than face-to-face approaches. Therefore, identification policies and technologies to verify users by using various factors and channels are being studied in order to complement the risks and to be more reliable non-face-to-face identification methods. One of these new approaches is to collect and verify a large number of personal information of user. Therefore, we propose a big-data based non-face-to-face Identity Proofing method that verifies identity on online based on various and large amount of information of user. The proposed method also provides an identification information management scheme that collects and verifies only the user information required for the identity verification level required by the service. In addition, we propose an identity information sharing model that can provide the information to other service providers so that user can reuse verified identity information. Finally, we prove by implementing a system that verifies and manages only the identity assurance level required by the service through the enhanced user verification in the non-face-to-face identity proofing process.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-123
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine whether follow-up management is carried out continuously following CQI activity and to analyze the factors behind the success and failure of follow-up management. Past presentations from 1994-1999 of CQI coordinators and lecturers from various institutions who presented at The Korean Society of Quality Assurance in Health Care(KoSQA) on the conditions of follow-up management in each institution were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows; Since the number of subjects on CQI increased each year at symposiums, this has expanded to all medical institutions. Although medical institutions usually conduct 11-20 subjects on CQI per year, there were many such occasions where more than 31 subjects were conducted. Moreover, institutions with less than 800 beds have come up with more projects than those with more than 800 beds, thus 23.3% of these institutions had at least 1 person involved in 4 projects. This had created an overload of responsibilities for specific persons' involvement, prompting them to incline toward formalities in their work rather than substantial activities. Among the projects presented at the symposiums, 51.7% demonstrated that follow-up management could be carried out. In particular, 55.3% of the projects from provincial regions could carry out follow-up management compared to 48.8% in Seoul. Moreover, it was demonstrated that 80% of the projects from institutions with 600-799 beds carried out follow-up management most effectively. With regards to previous presentations, the older they were, it was found that follow-up management could not be effectively carried out. Some institutions that responded that follow-up management was carried out effectively in their institutions were found to have conducted follow-up management without any inspection strategies or the appropriate tools. CQI activities were executed and terminated with no consistency and team members had no real concern for it. The most important factors that contribute to an effective follow-up management are the need for concern and interest from the directors of the hospitals, from the relevant departments and team members in addition to the role of the supervising department, follow-up management through management of target goals, consistency in tasks along with communication between all team members. The biggest problems were perceived to be overload of work due to accumulation of proposed projects in addition to lack of awareness pertaining to follow-up management. CQI is beneficial for all staff for the improvement of the mind and business administration and thus it is believed to be desirable. To carry out follow-up management effectively, leadership, analysis and application of information, follow-up management and planning, as well as quality management are perceived to be essential, on the other hand, the results showed a significant difference. To prevent CQI activities from becoming just an activity, the basic system should be reconstructed and augmented based on the problems derived from the results of this study. Moreover, we hope this study will be used as reference material that would encourage the administration of follow-up management after CQI activities in most hospitals. Furthermore, various studies on follow-up management should be conducted for CQI activities in the future.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-53
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the strategy of hospital specialization by analyzing the differences in expected and perceived services, perceived service quality, satisfaction, and intentions to revisit and recommend the hospital to others between general and specialty hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire from patients admitted to four study hospitals: two speciality and two general hospitals. The questionnaire was developed based on SERVQUAL to measure five dimensions of service quality. Four hundreds questionnaires were distributed to inpatients or their guardians and 282 returned questionnaires were used in the analyses. The significance of the differences in study variables between specialty and general hospitals were tested by t-test and $x^2$-test. The factor analysis result confirmed the construct validity of 28 questions asked to measure service quality and resulted in four dimensions of service quality: reliability, assurance, tangible and empathy/responsiveness. Cronbach's Alpha ranged from .9013 to .9358, that confirmed the internal consistency of answers. The study results indicated that patients who used specialty hospitals had higher levels of expected and perceived service, a higher level of perceived service quality, and higher levels of service satisfaction than patients who used general hospitals. Percents of patients who had the intention to revisit the hospital and to recommend the hospital to others were higher among patients in specialty hospitals. The most frequent reason to choose the hospital was the excellence of doctors in both general(29.9%) and specialty(43.8%) hospitals, that was followed by convenient transportation(15.3%) and someone know works at the hospital(15.3%) in general hospitals and other's recommendation(14.6%), and nice amenities(13.1%) in specialty hospitals. Although there were no significant differences in clinical department, age, and sex of patients between general and specialty hospitals, patients who visited speciality hospitals had higher levels of education and income than their counter part in general hospitals. These results suggested that specialty hospitals performed better than general hospitals. Specialization could be a viable strategy to tide over recent financial difficulties experienced by hospitals, particularly small- and medium-sized hospitals.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.115-125
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• 2016

Recently, there has been a demand for high quality services as the number of stores that use IT devices increases, and the importance regarding that matter has been emphasized. This study analyzed the factors that influence the effects of Store-IT Management Service. With customers who experienced Store-IT Management Service Quality as targets, it figured out the effects that Store-IT Management Service Quality had on Service Confirmation, Customer Satisfaction, and Continuous Intention. As a result, looking closely at the effects that Store-IT Management Service Quality had on Service Confirmation, it turned out that empathy, reliability, tangibility, and assurance had positive effects. As for the effects that Store-IT Management Service Quality had on Customer Satisfaction, empathy, reliability, and tangibility turned out to be important factors that had positive effects. In addition, Service Confirmation and Customer Satisfaction to Store-IT Management Service Quality turned out to have positive effects on Continuous Intention. With these results, given factors of Store-IT Management Service Quality, via Service Confirmation and Customer Satisfaction, were verified to have positive effect relationships with Continuous Intention. The result of this study is expected to help enhance Store-IT Management Service Quality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2017

This study conducted a survey on 319 Chinese women in their 20s to 50s living in three large cities in China, with an aim to analyze the influence on the purchasing behavior and satisfaction for Korean cosmetics depending on their complex purchasing tendencies. According to the research, the rational tendency was higher when the subjects were over 40 years old and married, and the impulsive tendency was the highest in those in their 30s. There was no huge difference in regions depending on the two tendencies, while there were statistically significant differences in purchasing period, times and costs when buying cosmetics. In addition, purchasing satisfaction for cosmetics had a positive correlation with purchasing tendencies. The subjects pursued convenience in purchasing as their rational tendency was higher, while they sought the trends as their impulsive tendency was higher. Based on the results, it is expected to maximize purchasing satisfaction of Chinese female consumers depending on their purchasing tendencies, if the Korean cosmetics makers provide reliable quality assurance, product exchange and customer management services. It is also expected to help revitalize the beauty market for China as well as Southeast Asia, if the Korean cosmetics companies implement differentiated marketing strategies targeting the customers in the age group with the impulsive consumption tendency.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.919-939
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• 2021

As a next-generation communication technology, 5G networks are capable of handling large amounts of traffic based on higher speeds, shorter communication delays, and higher connectivity compared to 4G networks. In this 5G network environment, base stations are installed all over the city at high density due to their characteristics, and are connected to user terminals to provide services. Therefore, if the base station is damaged by a malicious attacker, it is expected to cause great damage to users and society as a whole. So the need for secure communication equipment such as 5G base stations has emerged. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the security functional requirements derived using threat modeling, a systematic methodology for 5G base stations, and the security assurance requirements at the level that can cope with the backdoor issues. The security requirements proposed in this paper can be used for base station design and development to construct a secure network environment as a security evaluation standard for 5G base stations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.31-47
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• 2019

This study analyzes the emotional labor experiences of 8 social workers in social welfare facilities and public institutions by thematic analysis method with interveiws with them. Six categories and Twenty two themes concerning the emotional labor experience were derived from the analysis. Six categories are as follows: 'work life as a target for anger', 'unsafe workplace', 'emotional labor that ruins life', 'overcoming hurt emotion', and 'living with emotional labor'. Social workers are constantly required to perform emotional labor providing services to clients in the field of practice, and they also suffer verbal abuse from clients. Social workers feel the pressure of work in the environment that does not tolerate mistakes and they must keep their safety on their own. In these cases, emotional labor has effects on the physical and mental health of workers. The problem of emotional labor is difficult to solve and there might not be no choice but to endure. This study suggests practical and policy measures for social workers based on the results of the analysis. Policy suggestions are as follows: safety assurance for social workers, establishment of base facilities for employee support, human rights education for employees, preparation of super vision system, and the provision of a mental health care system.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.45-68
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the awareness and experiences of domestic researchers regarding data publishing, which has been recognized as a new channel of data sharing as scholarly communication evolves in the open science environment. A survey is conducted among researchers from five government-funded research institutes in the field of science and technology and members of the GeoAI Data Society to confirm the awareness of data publishing. As a result of the study, domestic researchers recognized providing explanations for data, stable access to data, citation, and quality assurance through peer review as the advantages of data journals. On the contrary, a low level of recognition for data paper as one of the research outputs was presented. With regard to the properties of data publication, the respondents answered that the data description, metadata description, and permanent identifiers are highly related, however, their recognition of the relation between the properties of data publication and the data submission to a repository and data peer review was relatively low. Finally, to expand the data publication, the need for the development of an editorial system that supports data paper peer review and cross-linking to a data repository as well as the development of a repository that supports data citation was identified. This study on the domestic researchers' experience and awareness of data publishing can provide insights for the implementation of data publishing services and infrastructure in the future.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.23
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• pp.155-219
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• 2004

This paper focuses on two recent legislative developments in electronic commerce: the "Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act" ("UCITA") of USA and the "preliminary draft convention on the use of data message in [international trade] [the context of international contracts]" ("preliminary draft Convention") of UNCITRAL. UCITA provides rules contracts for computer information transactions. UCITA supplies modified contract formation rules adapted to permit and to facilitate electronic contracting. UCITA also adjusts commonly recognized warranties as appropriate for computer information transactions; for example, to recognize the international context in connection with protection against infringement and misappropriation, and First Amendment considerations involved with informational content. Furthermore, UCITA adapts traditional rules as to what is acceptable performance to the context of computer information transactions, including providing rules for the protection of the parties concerning the electronic regulation of performance to clarify that the appropriate general rule is one of material breach with respect to cancellation (rather than so-called perfect tender). UCITA also supplies guidance in the case of certain specialized types of contracts, e.g., access contracts and for termination of contracts. While for the most part carrying over the familiar rules of Article 2 concerning breach when appropriate in the context of the tangible medium on which the information is fixed, but also adapting common law rules and rules from Article 2 on waiver, cure, assurance and anticipatory breach to the context of computer information transactions, UCITA provides a remedy structure somewhat modeled on that of Article 2 but adapted in significant respects to the different context of a computer information transaction. For example, UCITA contains very important limitations on the generally recognized common law right of self-help as applicable in the electronic context. The UNCITRAL's preliminary draft Convention applies to the use of data messages in connection with an existing or contemplated contract between parties whose places of business are in different States. Nothing in the Convention affects the application of any rule of law that may require the parties to disclose their identities, places of business or other information, or relieves a party from the legal consequences of making inaccurate or false statements in that regard. Likewise, nothing in the Convention requires a contract or any other communication, declaration, demand, notice or request that the parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with an existing or contemplated contract to be made or evidenced in any particular form. Under the Convention, a communication, declaration, demand, notice or request that the parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with an existing or contemplated contract, including an offer and the acceptance of an offer, is conveyed by means of data messages. Also, the Convention provides for use of automated information systems for contract formation: a contract formed by the interaction of an automated information system and a person, or by the interaction of automated information systems, shall not be denied on the sole ground that no person reviewed each of the individual actions carried out by such systems or the resulting agreement. Further, the Convention provides that, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, a contract concluded by a person that accesses an automated information system of another party has no legal effect and is not enforceable if the person made an error in a data message and (a) the automated information system did not provide the person with an opportunity to prevent or correct the error; (b) the person notifies the other party of the error as soon as practicable when the person making the error learns of it and indicates that he or she made an error in the data message; (c) The person takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other party's instructions, to return the goods or services received, if any, as a result of the error or, if instructed to do so, to destroy such goods or services.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2011

Purpose : This research is to examine the work and job satisfaction of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals. This research is done to provide basic data needed for establishing work realms of paramedics in hospitals and to enhance their degree of satisfaction. Methods : Research questionnaire survey was conducted on 141 paramedics working in the emergency room of 32 university hospitals from August 24, 2010 to September 30, 2010 through direct visits and telephone interviews or email to explain the purpose of this research and assurance of confidentiality of responses on the questionnaires. As the tool for the degree of job satisfaction, 'The Index of Work Satisfaction' developed by Slavitt, et al(1978) and revised and supplemented by Soon-shim Kim and Hye-ran Kwon(2002) was used. The collected data were analyzed by evaluating frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA, Cronbach's $\alpha$ by using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results : 1. Investigating the work and role of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals, electrocardiogram(EKG) was found to be highest with $\alpha$ was widely used with the rate of patient evaluation and test area. In the medical treatment for patients area, cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) with 95%(134 persons) and ventilation assistance through ambu bagging(BVM) with 95%(134 persons) were found to be high. $\alpha$ were performed. In the role within the hospital and other areas, a member of CPR team in the hospital accounted for 78%(110 persons). 2. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, the total mean score was 2.91. The mean score in each question area indicated: section on job 3.48, autonomy 3.05, interaction 3.01, organizational demand 2.85, working conditions 2.67, salaries 2.40. This result obviously demonstrates the work of paramedics itself was most satisfied but the salaries were most dissatisfied. 3. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, job satisfaction based on the general characteristics showed significant difference in age (F=6.547, p=.002), gender (F=4.436, p=.000) marital status (F=-3.270, p= .001), religion (F=2.041, p= .043), motive for application (F=3.603, p= .015), and salary (F=6.658, p= .000). 대학병원 응급실 내 1급 응급구조사의 업무와 직무만족도 The Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medical Technology Vol. 15 (1) 63 4. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, job satisfaction based on the working environmental characteristics showed significant difference in total number of paramedics (F=3.779, p= .012), form of employment (F=5.601, p= .001), existence or non-existence of intention to change jobs (F=-4.037, p= .000). Conclusion : The work of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals consists of lots of treatment processes after specialized diagnosis and performance of professionally subdivided works. However, current legislation does not reflect such circumstances to which paramedics are exposed; thus, it should be considered for further revision and modification. The degree of job satisfaction of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals was high but low in salaries and working conditions were the weak points. The measures to enhance their degree of job satisfaction should be taken though improvement of labor conditions such as consideration of the rate of increase in salaries, compensation for overtime work, providing rest areas, improvement of current employment system, and conversion of temporary employees into regular employees.