• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2017

This paper examines the export structure of Gwangyang Port and evaluates its comparative advantage from 2005 to 2016 using the Comparative Advantage by Countries (CAC) index. It is found that: (i) Gwangyang Port has a comparative advantage in HS 39 and HS 28, an unstable comparative advantage in HS 29 but a comparative disadvantage in HS 72; and (ii) 4 items have the common features of losing their comparative advantage. Constant market share analysis allows one to evaluate why the exports of one region may grow faster than world exports. This consists of the commodity composition effect, the scale effect, and the competitive effect. Constant market share analysis shows that the commodity composition effect influences exports negatively while the scale effect does exports positively. Shift-share analysis can help evaluate the change in a region's performance relative to the nation over a given period of time. The result indicates that HS 28 has not only favorable industrial mix effect but high competitive share effect, while HS 29 has unfavorable industrial mix effect as well as low competitive share effect. This paper also reveals that industrial mix effect of HS 39 is positive but its competitive share effect is negative, whereas the former is negative but the latter is positive in case of HS 29.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Purpose: To report the clinical results from surgical treatment for clavicle shaft fracture by percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins. Materials and Methods: Between January 2004 and June 2014, the medical records of 135 patients who underwent percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins were reviewed. The mean follow-up periods were 15 months. The functional results were evaluated with The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Constant score. The clinical results were evaluated with the shortened length of the clavicle, length of surgical wound, operation time and Kang's criteria. Results: The mean bone union period was 11.6 weeks (8-16 weeks). The mean DASH score was 11.8. The mean Constant score was 91.2. The mean shortened length of the clavicle was less than 20 mm. The mean length of surgical wound was 1.2 cm (0.7-1.5 cm). The mean operation time was 18 minutes (10-35 minutes). Using Kang's criteria, 131 out of 135 patients (97.0%) showed good results. Complications included were 3 pin migrations and 2 non-unions. Conclusion: Percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins showed good results for treating clavicle shaft fracture.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.101-127
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• 1984

The study of interaction between riboflavin derivatives and biologically active substances was reviewed. With combination of spectroscopic methods such as NMR, UV, Fluorescence and IR, informations about interaction mechanism including hydrogen bond formation, conformation of association complex, and association constant were obtained. 1. Riboflavin associated with adenine but not with other bases found in the nucleic acids. -CONHCO- group was included in the formation of hydrogen bond with adenine. 2. Riboflavin interacted with alcohol to make a 1 : 1 association complex through the 3N-imino and 2C-carbonyl group of the isoalloxazine ring and the hydroxyl group of the alcohols. 3. Riboflavin associated with salicylates to produce the cyclic hydrogen-bonded dimer. The strongest complex was formed with salicylic acid, a weaker one with aspirin, and an even weaker one with salicylamide. 4. Other bio-active substances, orotic acid and inhibitors such as phenol, trichloroacetic acid and indol also formed hydrogen bond with riboflavin. 5. Reduced riboflavin showed strong self-association to produce the cyclic hydrogen-bonded complex and it associated with adenine and with cytosine to form 1 : 3 complex.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 1996

Intrinsic binding kinetics of of 125I-bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) and immobilized monoclonal anti-BSA (MAb 9.1) were studied. Small non-porous polystyrene beads (0.5${\mu}$m diameter) were used as a solid support to minimize the mass transfer interference on rate measurements. We demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the binding reaction is kinetically controlled. Rate measurements show that the association reaction is of second order and the dissociation reaction is of first order. Between 4 and $37^{\circ}C$ the measured equilibrium constant agrees well with the equilibrium constant calculated from the rate measurements. The temperature effects on association are much greater than on dissociation; the activation energy for association is about 9Kca1/mole, as compared to 2Kca1/mole for dissociation. The use of small non-porous beads as a solid support in binding studies essentially avoids mass transfer limitations; such a system makes it possible to determine the intrinsic binding characteristics of any immobilized antibody on a solid surface.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.694-699
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chilled drinking water on the productivity of laying hens under constant high ambient temperature. A total of seventy-two, 123-day-old Hy-line brown layers was divided into two equal groups. The first group (UDWG) was given unchilled water ($23.0{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$) as a control, and the second group (CDWG) was given chilled water ($16.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$). The laying hens were kept at $30^{\circ}C$ constant temperature with 50% relative humidity and were exposed to 17 h of light per day. Feed intake, egg production, egg quality (egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, egg color, yolk color, and Haugh unit), and blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the feed intake of CDWG laying hens was significantly higher (11.64%) than the UDWG counterparts (p<0.01). Egg production of CDWG was also significantly higher (11.27%) than the UDWG counterparts (p<0.001). Furthermore, we observed that the CDWG laying hens had significantly higher (11.72%) levels (p<0.10) of blood calcium, with a corresponding value of 21.92 mg/dl compared to the UDWG hens (19.62 mg/dl). The higher calcium concentration in the CDWG animals may contribute to increased egg production. The CDWG laying hens also contained higher (12.53%) phosphorus concentrations in blood compared to the UDWG (4.22 mg/dl vs. 3.75 mg/dl), although not statistically different (p>0.10). Egg weight and egg quality were not affected by chilled drinking water. In conclusion, providing chilled drinking for laying hens under high ambient temperature improved feed intake and egg production.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.663-686
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• 2003

This study is aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of TAC policy using a bioeconomic model. A surplus-production model is used as a population dynamic model, from which the yellowedge grouper is estimated to be overfished. As a result, a 10-year rebuilding plan using the TAC policy is established. According to the result of model, under the well-enforced system, the target stock biomass is achieved during the rebuilding period. Especially, in order to accomplish the target stock biomass, the annual quota should be allocated much less than 342 tons that NMFS recommended. The NPV over a 25-year under the TAC policy Is predicted to be less than under the status quo. The economic gains under the variable-catch TAC policy is less than under the constant-catch TAC policy as the interest rate decreases, while the NPV under the constant-catch is greater than under the variable-catch TAC policy when the interest rate is high.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Sintering behavior and dielectric peroperties of $xCaTiO_3-La(Zn_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_3$ system were investigated for better understanding of the microwave dielectric materials. In $xCaTiO_3-(1-x)La(Zn_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_3$ systems, solid solution type was focused as a function of composition(x=0.4-0.6) and sintered density. With increasing the sintered density, the relative dielectric constant was decreased and Q value was increased and then saturated. In solid solution type, dielectric constant was increased with increasing $CaTiO_3$ content. In $0.5\;CaTiO_3-0.5\; La(Zn_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_3$ case, dielectric constant(=48) and temperature coefficient of resonace frequency$(=-1 ppm/^{\circ}C$) were obtained.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 1993

Improvement of orthognathic surgical techniques make it possible to design esthetic surgical correction for total esthetic face. In order to find the esthetic line which guide esthetic surgical correction in patients of orthognathic surgery, cephalometric soft tissue analysis of esthetic faces were performed. In esthetic Korean young adults, 25 males and 25 females who were within 1 S.D. of E-line, ANB, P/A facial height ratio, were analyzed in natural position keeping their face eye level. 1. Sn position is constant in males and females. The Sn-N'-N' Vertical plane angle is $5.3^{\circ}$ in both sexes. Sn is positioned in front of 5 mm in female 7 mm in male from the N' vertical plane. 2. The Sn-Ls line make constant angle to horizontal plane with $72.5^{\circ}$ in both sexes, which is called "upper esthetic line". The Ls-Pg' line makes constant angle to $72.4^{\circ}$ (range $72.2^{\circ}$ in female to $72.6^{\circ}$ in male), which is called "lower esthetic line". 3. When inter-esthetic line angle (the Sn-Ls line to Ls-Pg' line) has $144.9^{\circ}$, lower third face has esthetic upper and lower lip. 4. In treatment planning, Sn is first corrected in proper position, and then upper and lower esthetic line are established with the angle of 144.9. The maxilla is moved to tangent Ls to the upper esthetic line, and mandible is moved to tangent Li and Pg' to the lower esthetic line, according to the "y"-shaped esthetic lines, then lower third face showes esthetics.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.239-244
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• 2015

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films with thickness of $10{\sim}20{\mu}m$ were fabricated on silicon substrate by aerosol deposition method. As-deposited films on silicon were annealed at the temperatures of $700^{\circ}C$. The electrical properties of films deposited by PZT powders were characterized using impedance analyzer and Sawyer-Tower circuit. The PZT powder was prepared by both conventional solid reaction process and sol-gel process. The remanent polarization, coercive field, and dielectric constant of the $10{\mu}m$ thick film with solid reaction process were $20{\mu}C/cm^2$, 30 kV/cm and 1320, respectively. On the other hand, the PZT films by sol-gel process showed a poor dielectric constant of 635. The reason was probably due to the presence of pores produced from organic residue during annealing.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.626-633
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• 1998

For the fabrication of low temperature cofirable glass/ceramic with high dielectric constant, crystallizing glass [$SiO_2-TiO_2-RO (RO:BaO, CaO:SrO)$] was formed. The glass/ceramic composites were made by mixing this glass and alumina ceramic as filler, and its characteristics was investigated. With this glass compositon, it was possible to fabricate the glass which could be crystallized under $900^{\circ}C$. And it was found that the crystallizing temperature was changed in accordance with the composition of RO in glass. By adding $Bi_2O_3$ as flux, using $Al_2O_3$ as filler and sintering at $860^{\circ}C$, low temperature cofirable glass/ceramic with high dielectric constant was fabricated. The density of that composites was 3.96 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, dielectric constant was 17 and Q. f was 600.