• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

This study accomplished to grasp the present condition of HAPs and to examine efficiently carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects through health risk assessment in new apartments from June, 2004 to May,2005. Moreover, we performed uncertainty analysis by Monte-Carlo analysis to control uncertainty of exposure factors. The major results obtained from this study were as follows. Firstly, cancer risk of formaldehyde for male was $1.67{\times}10^{-5}$ in CTE in point estimation. Cancer risk of formaldehyde was showed $2.94{\times}10^{-3}$ in RME that applied worst case used results of 95 percentile in point estimation. It exceeds $10^{-6}$ of guide line in US EPA. Moreover, cancer risks of formaldehyde for female were $3.98{\times}10^{-5}$ in CTE and $3.93{\times}10^{-3}$ RME. Secondly, every hazard index for non-carcinogenic pollutants was less than 1 of permitted standards in CTE. However, in RME of male, hazard indexes of 1,2-Dichloropropane and Toluene were 1.3 and 2.0, respectively. Hazard indexes of 1,2-Dichloropropane and Totuene for female in RME were 1.7 and 2.6, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.127-143
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• 2011

Assessment of APC has focused on large size, specialization, and structuralization based on business performance. In the future, first, it should be complemented to have correlation with management efficiency. Second, because of the rate of weight for each index, it is necessary to develop a specific index or adjust allotting of marks so that there can be correlation between indexes. Third, since APCs have high values in the composite assessment and low values in the sales amount, it is necessary to develop various kinds of indexes, including the index to evaluate processing value-added, that of customer satisfaction with assessment, and that of customer relationship maintenance performance through introduction of a customer relationship management system (CRM), in pursuit of balance. Lastly, the results of this study are expected to be able to help make APCs efficient in relation to integration of production organizations so that they will convert and develop into a basic product processing center in coping with changes in internal and external environment of agricultural marketing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

With the increase of the number of riverfront development projects an objective and systematized survey and assessment tool is required to understand and identify the characteristics and potentials of river environment for human uses. The purpose of this study was to develop an assessment system for the investigation and evaluation of the water-friendly environment and to examine its effectiveness by applying the system to the selected study sites. Literature reviews, expert consultation, and preliminary survey were conducted to select highly relevant indexes to evaluate water-friendliness in rivers and, as a result, an assessment system of ten items in four areas was established. The assessment system were applied to 139 reaches of six rivers including Bykgye Cheon, Seom River, Gap Cheon, Yudeng Cheon, Naesung Cheon, and Kumho River. The scores and grade of water-friendliness were calculated per rivers and reaches, and their differences were prominent according to urban river, rural river, mountainous area and city area. Bykgye Cheon and Naesung Cheon got high scores in visual quality and Kumho River and Gap Cheon in community needs and potential uses. The scores of each section in the same river can be used as a basic data for the selection of appropriate sites for the development of hydrophilic space. In addition, it is expected that identifying the characteristics of each river help establish an appropriate management plan for the river.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 1998

In this study, an attempt is made to apply the concept of fuzzy-bayesian theory to the integrity assessment of structure system, and uncertainty states are represented in terms of fuzzy sets which define several linguistic variables such as "very good", "good", "average", "poor", "very poor", etc. Especially, the concept of fuzzy conditional probability aids to derive a new reliability analysis which includes the subjective assessment of engineers without introducing any additional correction factors. The fuzzy concept are also used as reliability indexes for the condition assessment based on the proposed models, the proposed fuzzy theory-based approach with the results of PEM and AFOSM are applied to retaining wall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to discovered assessment items for improving athletic efficiency and management of golf courses. Through this, the study intended to provide basic data for creating competitive golf courses and management. Important assessment items were selected by inducing preliminary assessment items and conducting a preliminary survey and a main survey for specialists through a theoretical study. For the survey results studied, reliability and average value for importance were calculated using SPSS/PC Window Release 12.0. As assessment of importance by assessment area, in athletic efficiency assessment, course management level was the highest, followed by fairness of games and operation of games. In management assessment, importance of service level, information management, facility management, management of game assistants, etc. were high. As assessment of importance by assessment item, it was found that 'variety of golf shot' and 'the length of a course' were important in course layout. Also 'start interval among teams' and 'disturbance of play' were assessed as important items in game operation, while 'fair reservation' and 'rounding rotation time' were important in fairness of games. In addition, in information management, 'kind service of golf course staffs' and 'prompt reservation and notification' were found to be important assessment items. In facility management, all assessment indexes were over 4.0, which means all of them are important for quality of golf course and competitiveness. In membership service, 'appropriate price of goods for sale' and 'service for members' were relatively important assessment items. Further, in management of game assistants, 'qualifications and skillfulness of game assistants' was assessed as a very important index. Although the current study only selected important items to assess excellent golf courses, it is necessary to apply the study results to the actual sites and verify them for golf course both at domestic and abroad.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.563-571
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• 2010

In carrying out the prior review on environmental conditions for basic plan of public waters reclamation, the important item is review on conditions of location on prearranged reclaimed land. In this study, environmental assessment which needs careful consideration in the first stage of selecting location is presented by analyzing environmental impact assessment on public waters reclamation projects for about 10 years. The assessment index for alternative comparison is divided into two parts according to importance level. What is most important in alternative comparison is the comparison on direct influence due to reclamation. In other words, it figures out damaged extent of natural shoreline as well as intertidal and infralittoral zones. Comparing influence extent due to reclamation through the 1st comparison on this is regarded as to be important. In case there is no significant difference by alternatives through the 1st assessment, the 2nd assessment should be carried out. In the 2nd assessment indexes are damaged quantity of benthic organism, change in seawater current, erosion, accumulation and exchangeable rate of seawater. The plan for selecting optimal location which minimizes environmental influence in establishing public waters reclamation plan is demonstrated through model cases. For this, 3 districts which have similar environment and scale are selected, and then comparison on location alternative is made through environmental assessment index. In addition, the comparison on 3 arrangement alternatives are conducted, targeting certain areas. It is thought that carrying out comparison review on respective areas in the same cities and counties, not merely comparing arrangement plan by selecting 1 targeting area in advance, is the most appropriate. Besides, selection of arrangement plan considering environment, which minimizes damage of natural shoreline and influence due to change of seawater current is required in alternative comparison on arrangement plan as well. In case of the prior review on environmental conditions though alternative comparison method presented in this study is carried out, it is safely said that the influence on ocean environment due to public waters reclamation can be minimized.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2020

Slope reliability analysis and risk assessment for spatially variable soils under rainfall infiltration are important subjects but they have not been well addressed. This lack of study may in part be due to the multiple and diverse evaluation indexes and the low computational efficiency of Monte-Carlo simulations. To remedy this, this paper proposes a highly efficient computational method for investigating random field problems for slopes. First, the probability density evolution method (PDEM) is introduced. This method has high computational efficiency and does not need the tens of thousands of numerical simulation samples required by other methods. Second, the influence of rainfall on slope reliability is investigated, where the reliability is calculated from based on the safety factor curves during the rainfall. Finally, the uncertainty of the sliding mass for the slope random field problem is analyzed. Slope failure consequences are considered to be directly correlated with the sliding mass. Calculations showed that the mass that slides is smaller than the potential sliding mass (shallow surface sliding in rainfall). Sliding mass-based risk assessment is both needed and feasible for engineered slope design. The efficient PDEM is recommended for problems requiring lengthy calculations such as random field problems coupled with rainfall infiltration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2015

This study is conducted to suggest ways to mitigate the mismatch phenomenon between job seekers who want to find right company for themselves and companies looking for appropriate new employees. For this purpose, this study improves the company assessment framework reflecting job seekers interests by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The improved evaluation framework is a three-level hierarchical structure, where there are 4 groups at the top level, 12 factors at the intermediate level and 36 indexes at the bottom level. For the empirical analysis of the applicants preferences based on the improved model, a survey for F-AHP analysis is carried out to university students and then priorities of components in the evaluation model are calculated. Moreover, the differences of priority of the company assessment framework are analyzed for different genders, college years, and major divisions. The results show that job seekers' most concerning factors are wages, stability, working environments, and labor deal, which are ranked highly in this order and the differences in preferences for each type of job seekers (genders, college years, and major divisions) are obvious. The results also show that the male prefers wages to environment, on the other hand female does working environment to wages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2019

The demand for the revitalization of marine tourism in Busan North Port is increasing due to changes in functions such as an increase in harbor traffic volume and the expansion of marine leisure space in Busan. As a result, Busan City plans to set a phased alleviation target for prohibition of cruise ship operations, and to lift the prohibition of excursion ship operations in North Port following the cancellation of the prohibition of excursion ship operations in South Port in 2017. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port by applying the marine traffic assessment index and to examine the possibility of excursion ship operations. For this purpose, port status, marine accidents, and traffic flow of Busan North Port were investigated. In addition, marine traffic assessment indexes, such as traffic congestion, risk based on an ES Model, and IWRAP MkII, a maritime risk assessment tool, were used to assess the risk and possibility of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port. This study can be used as basic data for analyzing the risk factors that may occur when excursion ships are operated in Busan North Port and to define how excursion ships should operate, with related safety measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2018

This study was conducted to suggest an assessment indices to evaluate the ecosystem services of the unique functions of wetlands as well as economic value provided by the village wetlands. The assessment indicators applied in this study were used by the RAM indices. The results of RAM assessment on the village wetlands in Cheonan city were analyzed by item and critical functions of the village wetland. They were derived by assessment indicators of ecosystem services, and the village wetland ecosystem were presented by Focus Group Interview (FGI). The 20 critical indices were selected from 52 different indices by analyzing the wetland function assessment items. 13 indicators excluding duplicate indexes by function, were selected as ecological service impact indicators. Finally, ecosystem services were evaluated by using AHP analysis to calculate the weight of each assessment indices and apply it to the 9 village wetlands. The results of this study confirmed that the functions of the village wetlands are compliant with the ecosystem services. Based on this assessment of the unique functions of wetlands, it will serve as a methodology for assessing ecosystem services. The study was also conducted on 49 wetlands in Cheonan. The detailed assessment of wetland ecosystem services based on the wetland ecosystem function proposed by this study, was further developed as a follow-up study. It suggested that the wetland areas should be compared and be used as a general standard. In addition to the assessment of the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the village wetlands, it would be useful to assess the unique features and convert them into value.