• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.814-818
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• 1991

Infection with the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus is uncommon. This organism has a low pathogenicity for man. In most patients, pulmonary Aspergilloma is the most common form of disease, and Aspergillus fumigatus is the common species. The natural history of the pulmonary aspergilloma is variable. This report reviews the feature of growing pulmonary aspergilloma for 10 years[from diameter 3cm to diameter 9cm]. This 44-year-old male patient suffered from recurrent hemoptysis for 10 years. This patient was taken removal of aspergilloma and cavernoplasty of left upper lobe. Post-operation course was uneventful.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-34
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• 1998

Phytase from Aspergillus species is a very heat unstable enzyme which inactivates to a great extent during the thermal processing of animal feed formulation. Various protein stabilization additives were tested to improve its heat stability. Among them, a basic amino acid, L-arginine remarkably increased the thermal stability of phytase in an aqueous solution state.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권1호통권80호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1997

The yellow fungal isolates inhabiting at the cereals (Hwang-Kuk, HK-fungi) were widely collected from the mejus and nuluks in Korea; the meju is a raw material for Korean traditional foods for soysauce and soypaste, and the nuluk is a raw material for Korean traditional rice wine. These isolates, well known as an Aspergillus oryzae producing amylase for Korean rice wine or producing protease for soybeans, were compared with Aspergillus species known. All isolates were microscopically observed to be a species of A. oryzae or its related, but to be difficult to be identified. Thus, RAPD-DNA techniques were applied for these isolates and analyzed with nummerical values using NT-system, or Ecological programs or Factorial analyses. Several common bands of RAPD-DNA in the 28 isolates were synthesized with the different OPD primers and speculated to be used for identification of HK fungi. The HK-fungi isolated were revealed to belong to the group of A. flavus previously defined. Particularly, the isolates collected from mejus were analyzed to be more closed to A. flavus, The species of A. flavus, A. oryzae and A. sojae were grouped at the values lower than those indicating the diversity of species. In other words, these three fungal species were not distinguishable and all isolates known as a HK-fungus were very closed to A. flavus, All isolates were not diversified at groupings of RAPD-DNA, and considered to be not the natural flora at the mejus or nuluks. The meju or nuluk having the above fungi as the fungal flora were speculated to be not termed "Korean traditional foodstuffs".The yellow fungal isolates inhabiting at the cereals (Hwang-Kuk, HK-fungi) were widely collected from the mejus and nuluks in Korea; the meju is a raw material for Korean traditional foods for soysauce and soypaste, and the nuluk is a raw material for Korean traditional rice wine. These isolates, well known as an Aspergillus oryzae producing amylase for Korean rice wine or producing protease for soybeans, were compared with Aspergillus species known. All isolates were microscopically observed to be a species of A. oryzae or its related, but to be difficult to be identified. Thus, RAPD-DNA techniques were applied for these isolates and analyzed with nummerical values using NT-system, or Ecological programs or Factorial analyses. Several common bands of RAPD-DNA in the 28 isolates were synthesized with the different OPD primers and speculated to be used for identification of HK fungi. The HK-fungi isolated were revealed to belong to the group of A. flavus previously defined. Particularly, the isolates collected from mejus were analyzed to be more closed to A. flavus, The species of A. flavus, A. oryzae and A. sojae were grouped at the values lower than those indicating the diversity of species. In other words, these three fungal species were not distinguishable and all isolates known as a HK-fungus were very closed to A. flavus. All isolates were not diversified at groupings of RAPD-DNA, and considered to be not the natural flora at the mejus or nuluks. The meju or nuluk having the above fungi as the fungal flora were speculated to be not termed 'Korean traditional foodstuffs'.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1970

1. Of the 35 various grains, 446 colonies of fungi were isolated. Among the 446 colonies, 423 were possible to identify into 17 genera. 2. Of the 10 bean-pastes, fungi were isolated 193 colonies. It can be identified 11 genera. 3. It will be noted that Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Cladosporium sp. were predominated genera. 4. A total of 155 colonies of Aspergillus sp. isolated from various grains were obtained from the samples. Asp. versicolor was the frequent species and 47 colonies isolated. 5. Penicillium where was isolated from various grains, obtained 115 colonies. Pen. camemberti was the most frequent species. 6. Penicillium palitans was most excellent amylase producing fungi and which was 1ml per 6.300 unit.

• Mycobiology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2000

The distribution and occurrence of aquatic zoosporic and terrestrial fungi were investigated in 21 well waters in Assiut governorate, Egypt. Using a zoospore capture technique, 923 colonies of aquatic freshwater fungi were recovered from well waters, out of which 811 colonies reached sexual maturity. These colonies were assigned to 23 species which belong to 11 genera. The most common genera were Achlya, Saprolegnia and Dictyuchus. Using two types of media, 35 species in addition to 2 varieties of terrestrial fungi which belong to 18 genera were also recovered. The most frequent glucophilic genera (recovered on glucose-Czapek's agar at $28^{\circ}C$) were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The results obtained on cellulose-Czapek's agar at $2^{\circ}C$ were basically similar to those on glucose agar and the most frequent genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium followed by Chaetomium and Cephalosporium.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1979

On studying of microbes and appearance frequency which are floating around dwelling space and life environments in Seoul area, the results are summarized as follows ; 1. 1931 strains of 29 bacteria are isolated in dwelling spaces, Among them, there are Staphylococcus aureus, S. anthracis which are pathogenic to human beings. 2. In fungi, 76 strains of 13 species are isolated. That of highest frequency is confirmed to be Aspergillus which is pathogens of Aspergillosis (one of a group of diseases of animals and human being caused by various species of Aspergillus). The places, where the number of kinds and the frequency of appearances have been observed highest, are coffee shops, lunch counters and office rooms, while factory districts are of far lower level than expected. 3. 0.1% $HgCl_2$, Leasking oil, and Telephone disinfectant were better than any other in fungicidal effect.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2005

Aflatoxin contamination is a major problem in several food crops. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus has gained immense concern in the scientific world because of its tremendous harmful effects. The study was focused to see the effect of oil and aqueous extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds on the growth of Aspergillus and production of aflatoxin by the mold. Various amounts of neem oil $(5\;-\;50\;{\mu}l/ml)$ and aqueous extract of neem (5 - 50 mg/ml) were used both in the broth as well as the solid medium. Fungistatic (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were found to be $10\;{\mu}l/ml$ and $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ respectively for neem seed oil. At the concentration of $5\;{\mu}l/ml$ neem oil and 5 mg/ml of aqueous extract, a significant decrease in the aflatoxin content was found in broth medium. Aflatoxin production was totally inhibited at $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ and 50 mg/ml for neem oil and aqueous extract of neem respectively, in both treatments. There was significant inhibition of mycelium dry weight by the neem seed oil. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited at $20\;{\mu}l/ml$ of neem seed oil concentration in broth, whereas it was not affected at all by aqueous extract. It can therefore be inferred that the oil and extract from the neem seed leads to inhibition of aflatoxin production while neem seed oil also significantly inhibits the mycelial growth. Neem seed oil thus can be used as potent, natural and easily available anti-aflatoxigenic agent.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.247-272
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• 1993

우리나라 전국 각지에서 수집한 메주에서 곰팡이만 48개의 균주를 순수분리하여, 29 종으로 동정하였다. 29 종의 fungi 중에서 불완전균은 3 속 20종으로 Aspergillus 속의 균 5 종, Scopulariosis 속의 1 종, Penicillium 속의 균 14종이 동정되었다. 메주에 서식하는 불완전균에는 Penicillium 속이 14종으로 다앙하게 나타났으나, 메주발효에 중요 역할을 하는 균은 아닌것으로 고려되었다. Sc. brevicaulis는 여러 메주에서 발효를 잘 시켰으며, Aspergillus 속의 균에서는 A. flavus보다 A. oryzae가 콩을 더 잘 발효시켰다. Sc. brevicaulis, A. oryzae, P. tulolense, 및 P. funiculosum의 4 개종으로 만들어진 메주에서 단간장 맛이 강하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 1987

느타리버섯 볏짚배지(培地)에 발생하는 유해균류(有害菌類)를 조사하고 그중 발생(發生) 및 피해(被害)가 큰 균류(菌類)의 배양적(培養的) 성질에 관한 실험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 느타리버섯 볏짚배지(培地)에서 12종류(種類)의 진균류(眞菌類)가 분리(分離)되었는데 그 중 Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus 등은 발생빈도(發生頻度)가 높고 발생양(發生量)도 많았다. 2. 느타리버섯 볏짚배지(培地)에서는 7종(種)의 Trichoderma가 동정되었는데 발생빈도(發生頻度)는 T. pseudokoningii, T. aureoviride, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. koningii의 順이었다. 3. 유해균류(有害菌類)의 발생(發生)은 일반 버섯재배사(栽培舍)에서 재배회수(栽培回數)가 증가(增加)할수록 많았고 추기재배(秋期栽培)보다는 춘기재배(春期栽培)에서 심하였다. 4. 볏집추출배지(抽出培地) 및 느타리버섯 추출배지(抽出培地)에서 Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhzopus 등 공시한 균들의 균사생장과 분생포자의 형성이 양호한 결과를 보이므로서 볏짚배지(培地) 및 균상(菌床)의 버섯과 그 파열물들이 균류(菌類)의 발생(發生)에 알맞는 조건을 부여하였다. 5. Trichoderma spp.는 톱밥추출배지(抽出培地) 및 미강추출배지(米糠抽出培地)에서 생장(生長)이 극히 양호하여 균상(菌床)에 접종(接種)한 종균(種菌)은 균류(菌類)의 배지(培地)가 되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1403-1414
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• 2010

Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032, isolated from sea water, produced tannase as an extracellular enzyme under submerged culture conditions. Enzymes with a specific activity of 2,761.89 IU/mg protein, a final yield of 0.51%, and a purification fold of 6.32 were obtained after purification through to homogeneity, by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. SDS-PAGE analyses, under nonreducing and reducing conditions, yielded a single band of 230 kDa and 37.8 kDa, respectively, indicating the presence of six identical monomers. A pI of 4.4 and a carbohydrate content of 8.02% were observed in the enzyme. The optimal temperature was found to be $30^{\circ}C$, although the enzyme was active in the range of $5-80^{\circ}C$. Two pH optima, pH 2 and pH 8, were recorded, although the enzyme was instable at a pH of 8, but stable at a pH of 2.0 for 24 h. Methylgallate recorded maximal affinity, and $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ were recorded at $1.9{\times}10^{-3}$M and 830 ${\mu}Mol$/min, respectively. The impacts of a number of metal salts, solvents, surfactants, and other typical enzyme inhibitors on tannase activity were determined in order to establish the novel characteristics of the enzyme. The gene encoding tannase, isolated from A. awamori, was found to be 1.232 kb, and nucleic acid sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame consisting of 1,122 bp (374 amino acids) of one stretch in the -1 strand. In silico analyses of gene sequences, and a comparison with reported sequences of other species of Aspergillus, indicate that the acidophilic tannase from marine A. awamori differs from that of other reported species.