• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.370-376
• /
• 2015

In this study, we compared the organoleptic and other qualities of fermented milk containing 10 or 15% purple carrot extract that had either been previously fermented with Aspergillus oryzae or not fermented. Fermentation characteristics, pH, chromaticity, viscosity, viable cell counts, and sensory evaluations were measured. The pH and acid values did not differ between purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and non-fermented extract. Viable cell counts were significantly higher in 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae compared to the control after fermentation. Regarding characteristic changes, purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae group showed a lower red value but higher yellow value compared with non-fermented purple carrot extract due to heat-sterilization. Both fermented and non-fermented extract groups showed significantly increased viscosity compared to control. In the sensory evaluation, 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae showed the highest score. In conclusion, addition of 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae resulted in a superior fermented milk product.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of a microbial fermentation procedure to improve the functional qualities of seaweeds. Aspergillus oryzae, which has been used in traditional Korean fermented foods, was inoculated and cultivated in an aqueous extract of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica). Fermentation of the sea tangle extract by A. oryzae for 4 days resulted in a 3-fold increase in $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. GABA is known to be a bioactive compound. Fungal fermentation of the extract also enhanced its antioxidant activity and increased its total content of phenolic compounds. It was assumed that these changes stemmed from the biodegradation of active compounds of the sea tangle packaged within its rigid structural matrix or occurred as result of fungal fermentation. These results suggested that the application of microbial fermentation to the processing of seaweeds will help in the development of processed foods to meet consumer demands.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.1061-1067
• /
• 2018

The anti-melanogenic effects of the extract of Angelica tenuissima (AT) root and the extract of AT root fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FAT) were investigated. These effects were determined by measuring the inhibitory activity of AT and FAT on melanin production in B16F10 melanocytes and with in vitro tyrosinase activity assays. The AT extract inhibited melanin production at concentrations above $250{\mu}g/ml$, and this inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced by the fermentation process with A. oryzae. HPLC analysis resulted in the isolation of two active compounds from both the AT and FAT extracts. Their chemical structures were identified as decursin and Z-ligustilide through comparison with previously reported NMR data. The decursin and Z-ligustilide contents were increased in the FAT extract and could be responsible for its enhanced inhibitory effects on melanin production and tyrosinase activity compared with that of the AT extract.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.786-792
• /
• 1990

어육을 발효기질로 풍미물질 생산 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 명태육 단독으로 혹은 명태육에 콩을 첨가한 발효기질에 Aspergillus oryzae에 속하는 3균주를 각각 접종, 발효하여 정미성분의 변화와 발효추출액을 관능 검사하였다. 사용한 균주는 모든 기질에서 왕성하게 증식하여 7일간 발효된 명태육의 아미노질소함량은 명태육에서 $8{\sim}14$배, 콩을 첨가한 경우는 $4{\sim}6$배 증가하였고, soluble solid는 각 $2{\sim}3$배와 $2.6{\sim}3$배, 증가하여 상당한 단백질 분해양상을 보였다. 핵산관련물질 중 아미노산과 함께 맛의 상승효과를 주는 IMP, GMP는 control보다 증가되었으며, 발효된 명태육의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 명태육만을 사용한 경우 $5{\sim}14$배 증가하여 Aspergillus oryzae KFCC 32343에서 4,326 mg%(DB)로 가장 높았고, 콩을 첨가한 경우도 Aspergillus oryzae KFCC 32343에서 6,362 mg%(DB)로 가장 높았다. 아미노산 조성은 균주에 따라 다소 차이가 있지만, 양적으로 많은 아미노산은 Glu, His, Asp, Lys 순이었다. 발효된 명태추출액을 멸치국물과 비교하여 관능검사한 결과 냄새, 맛, 종합적인 기호도에서 별치국물보다 우수하였고, 모든 결과를 평가해 볼 때, Aspergillus oryzae KFCC 32343을 이용하여 명태어육으로부터 풍미물질 생산이 가능하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.1076-1083
• /
• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AFE) on in situ degradation of the various concentrates, forages and by-products in Taiwan. The in situ trial was conducted to determine the effect of AFE on the rate of ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the various local available feedstuff commonly used for dairy cattle. Two ruminal fistulated cows were arranged into a two by two switchback trial. Two dietary treatments were control without AFE inclusion diet and diet with 3 g of AFE (Amaferm) added daily into the total mixed ration (TMR). Results showed that effect of AFE inclusion on the ruminal degradability of concentrates vary; soybean meal is the most responsive feedstuff, corn is the next, whereas full-fat soybean did not response the AFE inclusion at all. The inclusion of AFE significantly depressed most of the nutrient degradation of the concentrates of soybean meal in the first 12-hour in situ incubation. The effect declined in the next 12 hours. Rapeseed meal showed a different trend of response: addition of AFE improved its NDF degradation. The inclusions of AFE significantly improved ADF degradation of roughage after 24 or 48 hours of incubation. However, corn silage and peanut-vines showed a different trend. Effects of AFE inclusion on the by-products degradability were inconsistent. Most of nutrients in rice distillers grain and some in beancurd pomace did show increased degradation by the AFE inclusion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1315-1320
• /
• 2015

To enhance the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, the optimized fermentation of soybean with added sea tangle extract was evaluated at 30℃ and pH 5.0. The medium was first inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae strain FMB S46471 and fermented for 3 days, followed by the subsequent inoculation with Lactobacillus brevis GABA 100. After fermentation for 7 days, the fermented soybean showed approximately 1.9 g/kg GABA and exhibited higher ACE inhibitory activity than the traditional soybean product. Furthermore, several peptides in the fraction containing the highest ACE inhibitory activity were identified. The novel fermented soybean enriched with GABA and ACE inhibitory components has great pharmaceutical and functional food values.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 1992

가다랑어 내장의 효율적 이용방법을 개발하기 위하여 내장을 자숙한 후 압착분리한 잔사에 Aspergillus oryzae를 이용하여 발효시킴과 동시에 이때 분리된 추출액을 원심분리하여 유분을 제거한 후 농축시켜 발효중인 잔사에 다시 첨가하는 개량식 발효어분 제조법(FFMA)을 개발하여 발효시 추출액을 첨가하지 않는 가등(加藤)법(FFMN) 및 비발효법인 재래법(NFM)과 비교 연구결과는 다음과 같다 발효어분에 있어서 일반성분의 변화는 3가지 방법간에는 큰 차이는 볼 수 없었고, 칼슘의 함량이 개량법에서 161.0 mg%로 가등(加藤)법과 재래법의 147.0 mg% 및 148.0 mg%보다 높았다. $Vitamin\;B_{1},\;B_{2}$ 및 C의 함량은 개량법에서 각각 1.76, 2.18 및 43.10 mg%로 가등(加藤)법의 1.373, 1.383 및 35.6 mg%, 재래법의 0.732, 0.669 및 14.20 mg%보다 각기 높게 나타났다. 과산화물가는 개량법에서 33.6으로 가등(加藤)법의 29.0보다 약간 높았으나 재래법의 126.0보다는 훨씬 낮았다. 개량식 발효어분에서 추출된 추출물과 가다랑어 내장을 그대로 추출된 추출물의 유리아미노산 함량은 총 유리아미노산에서는 발효 어분에서 3957 mg/100g로 내장의 경우보다 1.9배 정도 높았다. 총 유리필수아미노산의 경우도 발효어분에서 884 mg/100g로 내장의 경우보다 1.2배 정도 높았고, 총 유리비필수아미노산의 경우도 발효어분에서 2733 mg/100g로 내장의 경우보다 2.5배 높았다. 개별 유리아미노산의 경우 발효어분을 사용한 경우가 내장을 사용한 경우보다 필수아미노산의 경우 threonine, methionine, lysine 등의 함량이 높았고 비필수아미노산은 거의 모두가 월등히 높게 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 2016

We analyzed the cultural characteristics of isolated brewing fungi for developing fermentation starters. In a previous study, we collected 87 domestic nuruk, from which 481 fungi strains were isolated and 11 were selected showing improved productivity. After culturing these 11 fungi strains in several types of media, temperatures, carbon and nitrogen sources, Rhizopus sp. grew well in MEA, ME20S, PDA medium while Aspergillus sp. grew well in ME20S and YES. Both Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. survived well at optimal growth temperatures of 30 and $37^{\circ}C$. Rhizopus sp. utilized lactose, glucose and peptone sources while Aspergillus sp. utilized glucose, mannose, fructose and yeast extract sources. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ activity was excellent in L. ramosa CN044, R. oryzae 82-7(MEB), R. oryzae CN174 and A. oryzae 58-11(WEB) culture extracts. This study suggests that R. delemar 26-4, 58-8 and A. oryzae 78-5, 37-7 might be appropriate fungi strains for fermentation starters based on development of large fungi bodies and their good enzyme activities.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2014

A. oryzae로 발효한 청미래덩굴(Smilax china L.)잎 발효차의 적정 발효기간을 확립하고자 비 발효(NF) 및 10, 20 및 30일간 발효(F10, F20, F30)시킨 차 1% 열수추출물(1 tea bag 기준)의 색상, 관능검사 및 total polyphenol(TP), total flavonoid(TF), 전자공여능(EDA), 철환원력(FRAP), 과산화물 생성 억제능(LPOIA)을 조사하였다. 또, 체내 활성산소(ROS) 생성계 효소인 동시에 요통과 음주로 인한 간손상유도 및 이로 인한 복부비만에 직간접적으로 관여하는 xanthine oxidase(XO) 및 aldehyde oxidae(AO)의 저해활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 색상과 spectrum(400~700nm)의 변화를 조사한 결과, NF는 연한 황색을 띠는 반면 F10∼F30에서는 엷은 적색을 띠었으며 F10의 색상이 가장 선명하였다. 향(aroma)과 밝기(brightness)에 대한 기호도는 비발효차와 발효차간의 유의차를 보이지 않았으나 맛(taste)과 입에 닿는 감각(mouth feel) 및 종합적인 기호도(overall acceptability)는 F10, F20 및 F30 간의 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않아 발효 10일이 이상적인 발효기간이라 사료된다. TP 함량은 NF에서 41.55 mg/g(dry basis)이었으나 발효에 따라 거의 비례적으로 감소하였으며 그 감소율은 발효 10일째 24.91%, 20일째 56.92%, 30일째 64.41%를 나타내었다. TF의 함량은 NF에서 27.33 mg을 나타내었으나 발효에 점차적으로 감소하여 F10 24.30 mg/g, F20 17.32 mg/g, F30 13.22 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 그러나 TP의 감소율이 TF의 경우에 비하여 커서 TF/TP 비율(%)은 발효에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. EDA는 NF에서는 29.01%이었으나 F10에서는 NF에 비하여 17.14%가 감소하였으며, F20 및 F30에서는 각각 18.79% 및 23.20%가 감소하였다. FRAP(${\mu}M$ $Fe^{2+}$)는 NF 4.63, F10 4.30, F20 및 F30에서는 각각 3.77 및 3.47로 발효에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. LPOIA는 NF에서는 39.86%이었으나 F10의 경우는 31.92%로 NF에 비하여 19.92%가 감소하였고 F20 및 F30는 NF에 비하여 각각 23.61% 및 28.38%가 감소하였다. NF 및 F10∼30의 1% 열수추출액이 생유 및 토끼 간 조직으로부터 부분정제한 XO와 AO의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, XO활성에는 비발효, 발효 모두에서 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 AO의 활성은 비발효, 발효 관계없이 38.09∼41.70%범위로 억제하였으며, 이러한 억제는 경쟁적 저해현상에 기인되어 나타난 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.382-389
• /
• 2002

The aims of this study is to evaluate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Extract (AFE) on the performance of lactating cows in summer (May to July) and winter (December to February). The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) and dietary treatments were 1) basal diet without AFE, 2) basal plus 3 g/d AFE into the basal total mixed ration (TMR), 3) basal plus 45.4 mg AFE/kg the ensiling corn silage and 4) AFE inclusion in silage and TMR. Twenty-eight cows from each trial were selected and randomly allocated into the four treatment groups, confined in individual pens, and fed ad libitum for 8 weeks in both seasons of feeding trials. Results showed that AFE inclusion in corn silage significantly improved DM intake by 4.4% and milk yield by 3.1% (p<0.05) during summer. In the winter season, AFE inclusion in the diet significantly improved milk yield by 10%. Direct addition of AFE to the TMR even further significantly improved milk yield over the addition through corn silage by 7.4% in winter (p<0.05). An additive effect of AFE inclusion into TMR and through corn silage was also demonstrated in the winter-feeding. AFE inclusion however, did not improve DM intake during the winter trial. In the summer trial, inclusion of AFE showed an adverse effect on the percentage of milk fat, but did not impact on the milk fat yield. Adding AFE through corn silage showed a trend towards alleviating the negative effects of milk fat from direct AFE inclusion in TMR. The similar trend occurred in the winter trial. The inclusion of AFE through corn silage significantly lowered the milk protein content over direct AFE addition, but did not significantly impacted the milk protein yield in summer. AFE supplementation during the winter season significantly increased milk protein content. Adding AFE to the corn silage significantly increased milk protein content over direct AFE addition in winter although inclusion of AFE significantly decreased total milk solid content in the summer (p<0.005). During the winter season, inclusion of AFE required less DM to produce a unit of milk. Inclusion of AFE into corn silage required less DM, energy and protein to produce a unit of milk. But inclusion of AFE did not alleviate heat stress on the lactating cows.