• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

Recently some negative opinions on milk, for instance, 'don't drink, if you want to live long' 'people who drink milk life-long, they suffer from arteriosclerosis' or 'milk is not helpful to osteoporosis, because it's acid food' etc. are confusing the regular consumers who believe milk is one of the best food, although milk has been used for a longtime since it was proved as the most nutritionally perfect food by many scientific researchers and medical doctors. According to the contents of negative assertion, experiments were carried out mostly targeting western people who are eating bread with butter everyday and taking large quantity of meat & milk, probably 2~3 times more than asian people. So, the probability of suffering from many diseases like obesity, hypertension, arteriosclerosis etc. is naturally high. Therefore, comparison itself between westerner and asian is not reasonable because of quite different food culture and fat intake far less. Milk has been contributing to the health of human for hundreds years supplying many nutrients, and this kind of contribution will last as long as humankind exist on the earth. However, milk is good source of many functional components, there are some people who can not drink milk. As a nutritionist said, milk is a kind of food, the only problem is quantity, people who can not digest milk can choose another and who want to drink milk, drink it as much as they need. That's all.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Objective: The present work was undertaken to determine the possibility of using xanthan and guar gums as stabilizers to enhance the yogurt quality. Methods: Yogurt was manufactured from standardized milk (3.5% fat, 8.5% solid-not-fat contents) with the addition of 2% to 3% starter culture. Enzyme-hydrolyzed xanthan gum (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%) and guar gum (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%) were added to the yogurt as stabilizers. Prepared yogurt samples were kept at refrigeration temperature (4℃±2℃) for 21 days and various quality and sensory parameters were studied at regular intervals (7 days). Results: Results showed that yogurt with 0.5% xanthan gum (T5) was best in terms of preventing syneresis and improving the viscosity, water holding capacity and texture of the product. Additionally, adding gums did not adversely affect the sensorial attributes of the product. Conclusion: Modified gums were found useful in augmenting yogurt quality and therefore addition of gums is highly recommended for manufacturing yogurt.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effects of saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) on cell proliferation and triacylglycerol (TAG) content, as well as mRNA expression of ${\alpha}s1$-casein (CSN1S1) and genes associated with lipid and protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Primary cells were isolated from the mammary glands of Holstein dairy cows, and were passaged twice. Then cells were cultured with different levels of palmitate or stearate (0, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ${\mu}M$) for 48 h and fetal bovine serum in the culture solution was replaced with fatty acid-free BSA (1 g/L). The results showed that cell proliferation tended to be increased quadratically with increasing addition of stearate. Treatments with palmitate or stearate induced an increase in TAG contents at 0 to 600 ${\mu}M$ in a concentration-dependent manner, and the addition of 600 ${\mu}M$ was less effective in improving TAG accumulation. The expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase and fatty acid-binding protein 3 was inhibited when palmitate or stearate were added in culture medium, whereas cluster of differentiation 36 and CSN1S1 mRNA abundance was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, mammalian target of rapamycin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 with palmitate or stearate had no significant differences relative to the control. These results implied that certain concentrations of saturated LCFA could stimulate cell proliferation and the accumulation of TAG, whereas a reduction may occur with the addition of an overdose of saturated LCFA. Saturated LCFA could up-regulate CSN1S1 mRNA abundance, but further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism for regulating milk fat and protein synthesis.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

This study was carried out to gather basic data on the restoration and extent of Don tea (a coin-shaped tea), the traditional tea of Korea. We examined the physicochemical components and anti-microbial activity of Don tea extracts at 0, 5 and 10 months. The Hunter value $L^*$, of Don tea extracts which were matured for 10 months decreased from 7.01 to 4.97 compared to that when the extracts were first manufactured. However, the $b^*$ value increased from 0.09 to 2.67. There were higher contents of inorganic matter in Don tea extracts following manufacture in the order of K (14.12 mg/100 mL), Mg (0.94 mg/100 mL), P (0.88 mg/100 mL), Ca (0.16 mg/100 mL) and Mn (0.16 mg/100 mL). Classified catechins contents were found in the order of C (19.97 mg/100 mL), EGC (9.30 mg/100 mL), ECG (9.02 mg/100 mL), GCG (8.50 mg/100 mL), GC (7.61 mg/100 mL) and CG (5.63 mg/100 mL). The longer the maturation period of the Don tea extracts, the lower the contents of inorganic matter and catechins. However, this did not apply to the total phenol contents, particularly in the phenol contents of Don tea extracts matured for 10 months which increased by 93.82 mg/l00 mL. Don tea extracts which were matured for longer periods showed higher anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans. However, there were lower activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Consequently, it was concluded that a shorter maturation period was required for the effective utilization of the inorganic matter, the catechins and the gram-negative bacteria in the Don tea extracts. However, a longer maturation period of 10 months was found to effectively utilize the total phenol compound contents and the gram-positive bacteria.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of puerariae Radix methanol extract on benzo(a) pyrene(B(a)P) - induced liver injuries in rats. In vitro experiment, primary cultured hepatocytes (5X105 cells/$m\ell$) were cultured for 20~24 hours after adding puerariae Radix mehtanol extract(32$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) and B(a)P(50 uM). In vivo experiment, Puerariae Radix methanol extract(0.25 g/kg/day, per os) was administered for 7 days and B(a)P(0.1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) was given after the last administration of extract. And then the hepatoprotective effect of Puerariae Radix methanol extract was investigated biochemically through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Namely, activities of enzymes (GOT, GPT and LDH) were measured and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay were carried out in vitro cell culture study and GOT, GPT, LDH and ALP activities and HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were performed in vivo study. In vitro experiment, as a result of enzyme activity measurement(GOT, GPT and LDH) and MTT assay, GOT,GPT and LDH activities changed by B(a)P were recovered to normal levels and hepatocytes impaired by B(a)P were recovered to normal. In vivo experiment, Puerariae Radix methanol extract significantly decreased the enzyme activities(GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH in serum and GPT and ALP in tissue) and lipid contents in comparison to B(a)P-treated group.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate alterations of seaweed composition upon Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) fermentation as well as potential anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism (s) of water extracts and fermented water extracts of Laminaria japonica (LJ) and Hizikia fusiforme (HF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Total polyphenol, total sugar, and reducing sugar contents were measured in LJ and HF water extracts before and after fermentation by LGG. Alterations of inflammatory cytokine levels in cell culture media were measured by ELISA, and levels of phosphorylation of c-jun NH2-terminalkinase (JNK) and extra cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) were examined by Western blot analysis. LGG fermentation of LJ and HF altered total polyphenol and sugar contents in water extracts of LJ and HF. LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ was significantly reduced by HF-f compared to control in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels by HF-f, HF-f also significantly reduced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LJ-f and HF also significantly reduced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Overall, our result suggests that HF-f among the four tested seaweed extracts is the most potent anti-inflammatory agent, and its mechanism of action is partially mediated by reduction of JNK and ERK phosphorylation as well as IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2013

건조 쌀 중량 기준으로 팥 5%, 10%, 15%를 첨가하여 팥 막걸리를 제조하였고 이들의 품질특성과 기호도를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 막걸리의 품질을 평가하는 항목인 산도, 알코올 함량, 환원당, 효모계수에서 대조군을 포함한 모든 실험구에서 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않은 반면, 플라보노이드 함량은 팥 첨가 함량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05) 항산화 활성(DPPH)은 팥 10% 첨가구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 관능평가 결과, 팥 10% 첨가구는 향미(Flavor), 단맛(Sweetness), 신맛(Sourness), 쓴맛(Bitterness)과 전체적인 기호도(Overall acceptance)에서 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었고(p<0.05) 대조군과 같이 높은 점수를 받았다. 이러한 결과로 보아 막걸리의 항산화 활성이 가장 높으며 관능평가 결과에서 높은 점수를 받은 팥 10%를 첨가하여 제조한 막걸리가 가장 적합하다고 판단된다. 플라보노이드 등 기능성 물질을 다량 함유하고 있는 팥을 첨가하여 막걸리를 제조함으로서 막걸리의 기능성과 관능적인 측면을 향상시켜 전통주 시장에서의 경쟁력을 가질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 및 국제감성 심포지엄
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

Based on Nisbett and his colleagues' theoretical model "Holistic" and "Analytic" which show the differences in cognitive style of Eastern Asian and Westerners, the author hypothesized that the differences in cognitive style of people from diverse cultural backgrounds may influence their perception and usage of webpage. An experiment was carried out and the Eye-gaze device was used to assist to explore the relationship. The results revealed the relationship between cognitive style and webpage design. different cognitive style results different viewing pattern on webpage. Chinese people are more likely to have a holistic view of the whole page first and then focus on detail, while French people tend to read the heading information first and then proceeding down the page. Chinese emphasized the background as well as the whole look and feel of the webpage more, while French noticed the independent contents and element designs more on the webpage.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2022

미디어 환경 및 문화 콘텐츠 소비가 변화하며 한류 현상 역시 시기별로 주목받는 콘텐츠의 유형과 장르가 변화하는 현실에서 이러한 한류의 변화된 흐름을 탐구해볼 시점이다. 더욱이 기존의 한류 연구들이 독립적인 개별 장르 현상만을 분석하거나 동아시아 국가에 집중해온 경향, 또한 한국 사회 입장을 중심으로 연구가 진행되어온 경향이 있는 가운데, 본 연구는 상대적으로 관심이 부족했던 비영어권 유럽 사회에서 한류 현상을 통해 수용자 자신이 처한 현실에서 실질적으로 갖는 사회적 의미에 대해 살펴보았다. 문화자본과 사회자본의 상호전환 관점에 기대어 분석한 결과, 한류 내러티브와 비-내러티브 모두 사회신뢰와 자국인 신뢰에는 부적인 영향이 있었지만 한국인 신뢰에 대해서는 정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 대조적으로, 케이팝 대중음악은 사회신뢰와 자국인 신뢰뿐 아니라, 사회교류 활동 참여 및 연계적/결속적 관계망 모두에 정적인 영향을 미치는 경향이 있었다. 한류의 콘텐츠 유형/장르에 따른 문화소비는 사회자본과 한국에 대한 문화간 커뮤니케이션에 상이한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제30호
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• pp.259-282
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• 2010

도덕적인 삶을 통하여 인생의 이상을 현실에 실현하고자 하는 유학의 윤리적 가치는 도덕주체인 나 자신을 중심으로 타자와의 관계성에서 논의되고 있다. 이러한 전통 가치들은 인류가 보편적으로 추구해 온 인간다움이나 초월자에 대한 경외 등 동질성의 측면에서 보편성이 함유되어 있다. '한국적인 맥락에서의 보편성 추구'란 바로 우리의 전통 문화를 기반으로 우리 땅에서 꽃피운 '한국윤리'를 궁극적으로 표방한다. 따라서 우리는 이러한 보편성과 우리라는 다양성의 종합적인 이해를 통하여, 각 문화에 대하여 존중하는 마음을 함양하고 인류애를 실현하는 인격자로서 문화 창조의 역할을 능동적으로 수행하여야 할 것이다. 전통 윤리에 관한 탐구는 윤리의 역사와 지금을 바라볼 수 있는 중요한 계기가 될 뿐만 아니라 우리의 문화를 기반으로 한 우리의 정서를 이해하는 초석이 될 것이다. 오늘날 중요한 사회적인 관심으로 대두되고 있는 한국인으로서의 정체성 확립과 가치관의 혼란에 따른 도덕성 회복의 문제 역시 이와 그 궤를 달리하지 않는다. 우리 청소년들이 전통 윤리를 올바로 이해하고 새롭게 재창조하는 삶을 추구할 수 있을 때, 자신은 물론 사회도 건전해질 수 있을 것이다.