• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.688-696
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• 2021

This study compared the current status, opening costs, and service of skin beauty franchises in Korea and the U.S. with the aim of providing data for skin beauty franchises. The main items in both countries include facial and body care, with 54 mean value in Korea, which is smaller than 361 mean value in the U.S. The U.S. franchise fee is about 1.5 times higher than that in Korea, and franchisees pay royalties of 20-60(ten thousand KRW) per month in Korea and 5-6 percent of annual sales in the U.S., as well as submit a net worth requirement and cash requirement. There are many spa services in the U.S. which creates differences in cost from Korea. and for the education, the cost was set in Korea while the time in the U.S. Every franchise offered facial and body care services. In addition, most Korean franchises run bridal care services, while in the U.S., waxing, men's treatment, hot stone, and spa services are offered. These differences are the result of differences in climate and race between the two countries, as well as differences in perception regarding the socio-cultural atmosphere, skin beauty, and openness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.22 no.1 s.55
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• pp.267-285
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• 2005

As the Internet connections and services at U.S. public libraries have increased dramatically since 1990s, defining, assessing and measuring quality of these new electronic services have become a critical issue. This research was a study designed to identify key dimensions of Internet service quality at public libraries by providing a systematic framework for measuring and assessing the quality of Internet services. The study used modified SERVQUAL and SERVPERF instruments which have been widely used service quality measurement in business marketing areas and LibQUAL+ model which are widely adopted service quality measurement instrument in most of the academic libraries in U.S.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.22-45
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to identify new attributes by analyzing reviews conducted by global automaker customers and to examine the influence of these attributes on satisfaction ratings in the U.S. automobile sales market. The present study used J.D. Power for customer responses, which is the largest online review site in the USA. Design/methodology - Automobile customer reviews are valid data available to analyze the brand personality of the automaker. This study collected 2,998 survey responses from automobile companies in the U.S. automobile sales market. Keyword analysis, topic modeling, and the multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings - Using topic modeling, the author analyzed 2,998 responses of the U.S. automobile brands. As a result, Topic 1 (Competence), Topic 5 (Sincerity), and Topic 6 (Prestige) attributes had positive effects, and Topic 2 (Sophistication) had a negative effect on overall customer responses. Topic 4 (Conspicuousness) did not have any statistical effect on this research. Topic 1, Topic 5, and Topic 6 factors also show the importance of buying factors. This present study has contributed to identifying a new attribute, personality. These findings will help global automakers better understand the impacts of Topic 1, Topic 5, and Topic 6 on purchasing a car. Originality/value - Contrary to a traditional approach to brand analysis using questionnaire survey methods, this study analyzed customer reviews using text mining. This study is timely research since a big data analysis is employed in order to identify direct responses to customers in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1230-1236
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• 2012

Fish meal grades SL1 and SL2 from Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) and NJ from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicas) were evaluated as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen in the medium for alkaline protease production by Bacillus pumilus MTCC 7514. The analysis of the fish meal suggests that the carbon and nitrogen contents in fish meal are sufficient to justify its choice as replacement for other nutrients. Protease production increased significantly (4,914 U/ml) in medium containing only fish meal, compared with the basal medium (2,646 U/ml). However, the elimination of inorganic salts from media reduced the protease productivity. In addition, all the three grades of fish meal yielded almost the same amounts of protease when employed as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Nevertheless, the best results were observed in fish meal SL1 medium. Furthermore, protease production was enhanced to 6,966 U/ml and 7,047 U/ml on scaling up from flask (4,914 U/ml) to 3.7 and 20 L fermenters, respectively, using fish meal (10 g/l). Similarly, the corresponding improvement in productivities over flask (102.38 U/ml/h) was 193.5 and 195.75 U/ml/h in 3.7 and 20 L fermenters, respectively. The crude protease was found to have dehairing ability in leather processing, which is bound to have great environmental benefits.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 2004

Two thermostable xylanases, designated XynA and XynB, were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The molecular masses of xylanases A and B were 20 and 30 kDa, respectively, as determined by SDS-PAGE, and their isoelectric points were 9.1 and 8.9, respectively. Both enzymes had similar pH and temperature optima (pH 5.0-6.5 and $70^{\circ}C$), but their stability at various temperatures differed. Xylanase B was comparatively more stable than xylanase A at higher temperatures. Xylanases A and B differed in their $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values. XynA had a $K_m$ of 2.0 mg/ml and a $V_{max}$ of 2,553 U/mg, whereas XynB had a K_m$ of 1.2 mg/ml and a $V_{max}$, of 754 U/mg. Both enzymes were endo-acting, as revealed by their hydrolysis product profiles on birchwood xylan, but showed different modes of action. Xylotriose was the major product of XynA activity, whereas XynB produced mainly xylobiose. These enzymes utilized small oligosaccharides such as xylotriose and xylotetraose as substrates, but did not hydrolyzed xylobiose. The amino terminal sequences of XynA and XynB were determined. Xylanase A showed high similarity with low molecular mass xylanases of family 11.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.232-237
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• 2005

The cellulloytic enzymes, such as FPase and amylase, production by Trichoderma inhamatum KSJ1 using 10L air circulation bioreactor were tried. Physical properties of the employed bioreactor, mixing time, $k_{L}$ a were examined in airflow conditions of enzyme production cultures. Mixing time of distilled water at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 vvm were 25, 21, 9 sec, respectively, and mandel's medium using rice straw and pulp as carbon sources were 31, 25, 15 sec. Mixing time decreased when airflow rate increased. $k_L$ a of distilled water at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 vvm were measured -22.52, -29.31, -39.62, respectively, and the mandel's medium were -47.8, -18.5, -21.4. The $k_L$ a values was increased linearly as the air-flow rates increased. However the values in mandel's medium showed different results, especially at 0.6 vvm. Amylase and FPase activity at the 1.2 vvm was 3.39U/mL, 0.72U/mL in 5 days cultivation. and the activities at 0.6 vvm were 2.01U/mL, 0.39U/mL, respectively. The enzyme productivity at 1.2 vvm was higher than at 0.6 vvm, indicating that high oxygen tension is requested for the efficient enzyme production culture of T. inhamatum KSJ1.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2020

Background: Due to the different handling properties of unsintered hydroxyapatite particles/poly-L-lactic acid (uHA/PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), we compared the surgical outcomes and the postoperative implantation accuracy between uHA/PLLA and PCL meshes in orbital fracture repair. Methods: Patients undergoing orbital wall reconstruction with PCL and uHA/PLLA mesh, between 2017 and 2019, were investigated retrospectively. The anatomical accuracy of the implant in bony defect replacement and the functional outcomes such as diplopia, ocular motility, and enophthalmos were evaluated. Results: No restriction of eye movement was reported in any patient (n= 30 for each group), 6 months postoperatively. In the PCL group, no patient showed diplopia or enophthalmos, while the uHA/PLLA group showed two patients with diplopia and one with enophthalmos. Excellent anatomical accuracy of implants was observed in 27 and 22 patients of the PCL and uHA/PLLA groups, respectively. However, this study showed that there were neither any significant differences in the surgical outcomes like diplopia and enophthalmos nor any complications with the two well-known implants. Conclusion: PCL implants and uHA/PLLA implants are safe and have similar levels of complications and surgical outcomes in orbital wall reconstruction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.22.2-22
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2003

Recently, various bulk metallic glasses (BMG's) haying good mechanical and chemical properties were developed. BMG's can easily be deformed in the supercooled liquid region, via viscous flow mechanism. In our previous work, we evaluated the deformation behavior and some other basic properties of Z $r_{41.2}$ $Ti_{13.8}$C $u_{12.5}$N $i_{10}$B $e_{22.5}$ alloy. In this study, we investigated the micro forming of Z $r_{41.2}$ $Ti_{13.8}$C $u_{12.5}$N $i_{10}$B $e_{22.5}$ alloy. The process condition was chosen based on the viscosity data from TMA, and superalloy and Si wafer with micro patterns on the surface were used as forming die. The alloy showed good replication of the patterns. However, some stripe patterns, resembling scratches, appeared on the deformed alloy surface. These scratches can be reduced or eliminated by polishing before forming.ing.ore forming.ing.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.761-771
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• 2013

The species composition and variation of marine plants at Saguenjin in the east coast of Korea were investigated monthly from October 2008 to December 2009. As a result, 92 species of marine plants identified, 91 species were seaweeds (7 green algae, 22 brown algae, 62 red algae) and 1 were sea grass. Dominant species in importance value were melobesioidean algae, Ulva pertusa and Phyllospadix iwatensis. The vertical distribution of algae were characterized by melobesioidean algae, U. pertusa at 3 m depth, melobesioidean algae, P. iwatensis and U. pertusa at 5 m depth and melobesioidean algae, Chondrus ocellatus and Prionitis cornea at 10 m depth.