• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.29-46
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic validity of artificial reefs facilities and seeds release programs in Jeju Trial Sea Farm Project for raising fishing people's revenue. The results of this study show the artificial reefs facilities and seeds release programs have net present value of 15,962.63 million won, internal rate of retrurn 13.86%, and benefit-cost of 1.912 under a 5.5% social discount rate. This suggests that in Jeju trial sea farm project, artificial reefs facilities and seeds release programs increase fisherperson's revenue.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

The efficient refinement of seed is required to reduce the cost and labor input in artificial propagation of wild plant. This study was carried out to develop methods for collecting and refining tiny seeds from wild plants. For obtaining Phragmites communis seeds, the inflorescence was cut into small fragments using a Straw Cutter and subsequently detached pappus hairs from seed coat by Hammer Mill. The primary refined seeds were passed 1.0 mm sieve. The screened seeds were subjected to Seed Blower with wind speed of 0.25 mㆍsec-1 to collected intact and well-ripen seeds. The seeds of Imperata cylindrica were refined as follows. Inflorescences were cut using a Straw Cutter first. The pappus was removed from cut fragments using a Hammer Mill and subsequently subjected to Seed Scarifier at 500rpm for 60 sec. for further separation. The separated seeds were passed 1.0 mm screen and collected after blowing with Seed Blower of wind speed of 0.15 mㆍsec-1. When the amount of seed was too little to refine with Seed Scarifier and Blower, the procedure was slightly modified from the procedure described above. The crude seed mixture obtained from Hammer Mill step was hand-refined roughly and then immersed into cone. (95%) sulfuric acid for 2 min. and collected floating portion after dilution of sulfuric acid solution 100 times with tap water. The collected seeds were dried and passed 0.149 mm sieve. During seed refining process using mechanical or sulfuric acid treatments, a small portion of damaged seed were evolved, however, the amount was not noticeable as compared to the total amount of collected seeds. Because the germination percentages between hand-refined seeds and seeds refined by above methods were not statistically different, the developed procedures for refining tiny seed of wild plants are helpful to reduce the cost and labor input in artificial propagation of two species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2007

Artificial seeds were produced by encapsulation of somatic embryos of Kalopanax septemlobus and investigated the effects of alginic acid concentration, size of somatic embryos, additives in capsules and nursery seedbeds for germination. The most suitable concentration of alginic acid was 3% for germination of encapsulated seeds. Germination was suppressed at higher concentration more than 3% alginic acid. For germination of artificial seeds, 1/2 MS medium with 0.02% activated charcoal was effective. There was no significant differences on the germination among the different size of somatic embryos. Additives in hydrated capsule was very important for germination and post-germinative growth of artificial seeds. Germination was severly inhibited in hydrated capsule containing only distilled water. Both sucrose and MS medium addition in hydrate capsule was effective for germination of artificial seeds. When artificial seeds were transferred to soilbed, germination rate was high in perlite containing 3% sucrose but very low in perlite with only water. These results indicate that nursery additives in both hydrate capsules and soilbeds was important for germination of artificial seeds in Kalopanax septemlobus.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2013

Berries of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum [Kom.] Ohwi) contained one seed, which have, in general, one or two embryos but very rarely three embryos. Mucilaginous substances in berries may help them adhere to the branches of host trees. It was observed that seeds need more than one and half years to develop into normal and healthy seedlings from the time of inoculation. Many factors such as adhesion of berry, thickness of host branch, orientation of haustorial root, etc. influenced the successful development of mistletoe plants. Through the application of six-year observation results on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings, about 80% of germination rate for mistletoe seeds and 61% of survival ratio for germinated seeds, which is more than 23 times higher in natural conditions, were obtained after inoculation of seeds on the one-year-old branches of Malus pumila var. dulcissima and Quercus mongolica trees. The technological aspects of the success can be applied to other host plants and provide a critical clue to an artificial propagation system, for this medicinally valuable genus. This is the first successful report on artificial inoculation and plant development of Korean mistletoe.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.322-327
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to know the relationships between seed quality and leakage of sugars from differently-aged seeds of rape, Chinese cabbage and radish. Seeds were artificially aged at 90% relative humidity and 45$^{\circ}C$ to get different seed qualities. Significant amounts of total sugars were leaked from the dead seeds of all crops during the 8~24 hours soaking period, while high quality seeds leaked negligible amounts of total sugars. High quality seeds of all crops contained lots of sucrose and glucose and some stachyose, raffinose and fructose. During the artificial aging of seeds stachyose, raffinose, and sucrose decreased, while glucose and fructose increased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1995

Dry-type artificial seeds were produced by dehydrating alginate-encapsulated somatic embryos of lire. When placed on half- strength MS solid medium 20% of the artificial seeds dehydrated to the level of 80% water loss were capable of germination. Addition of 0.1 mg/L ABA to alginate solution before encapsulation enhanced the germination percentage of those dehydrated to the level of nil to 90% water loss by up to 1.7-folds. The results suggest that ABA may enable somatic embryos to overcome physical and/or physiological restraint by encapsulation and dehydration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2021

To study for germination rate of apple artificial seeds encapsulated with 2% alginic acids, the rates of germination for artificial seeds of various embryos with partial elimination of cotyledon measured by adding 80 mg/L gibberellic acid or/and nutritional media. The germination rate of artificial seeds produced embryo with 3/4 cotyledon (3/4 CE), embryo with 1/2 cotyledon (1/2 CE), embryo with 1/4 cotyledon (1/4 CE), and embryo without cotyledon (NCE) were gradually decreased with compare to normal embryo, but it's considerably recovered on the alginic acid containing MS solution or/and 80 mg/L GA3. In special, the low frequency (55.81%) of germination for artificial seeds of 1/2 cotyledon embryo with alginic acid was increased by treatment with combination of alginic acid, 3% sucrose, and 80 mg/L gibberellic acid (98.74%). In case of embryo without cotyledon, the low frequency of embryo without cotyledon (24.44%) in alginic acid almost recovered to 82.45% in alginic acid with MS solution and 80 mg/L gibberellic acid. The results shown that the germination of embryo was decreased by the removal of cotyledon, and demonstrated that the low rate of germination could be considerably increased by adding GA3 (80 mg/L) or/and nutrition.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2020

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, the sole species in the genus Xanthoceras, is a flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae. It is an important tree species being a source of edible oil and biodiesel with a capacity as a pioneer of degraded and desert land. Seeds of X. sorbifolia were collected from two plantations and two superior trees in Inner Mongolia; and one plantation and one superior tree in Liaoning, China. An inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis showed genetic variation among four artificial populations in China: two in Inner Mongolia (IM), one in Liaoning (LN), and one in Shandong (SD). The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 81.25 % for these four populations. Based on an analysis of molecular variance, 23 % of the total genetic variation was found among populations, and 77 % within populations. Traits of seeds varied considerably between and among areas, for example two trees produced quite different seeds in several traits although they are adjacent to each other in the same farm. As much attention has not been paid to the traits of seeds, there should be a genetic test to understand this variation. It is necessary to obtain information on seed characteristics first and then provide basic information for further research on the selection of superior trees and provenances.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2002

Calli obtained from a shoot-tip of garlic, Allium sntivum L., were encapsulated using a calcium alginate gel. Some of the encapsulated calli were cultured on a 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 10$\^$-5/ kinetin, and 5 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-6/ M NAA whereas the remainder was stored for 40 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. All the naked calli regenerated on the solid medium, while 95% of the encapsulated calli regenerated, and 88% of the encapsulated calli regenerated after 40 days of storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. The capsule matrix delayed the germination time of the encapsulated calli, yet activated the shoot formation of the artificial garlic seeds. The shoot length of the encapsulated garlic calli was much longer than that of the naked garlic calli. The encapsulated garlic calli were dried in a laminar airflow cabinet and the conversion frequency of the dried artificial garlic seeds on a 1/2 MS medium remained at 93% with a water Loss of Less than 50%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2003

In this study, soil seed and bud bank analysis were performed to abbess the mass of potential vegetation in soils less than 1 year old after covered and estimate the amount of seed bank transport through construction in urban area. The ratio of exotic species number to total species number in study sites and the landfill control site was 0.29 and 0.39, respectively. All plots pooled, mean species number and total mean seedling density per $\m^2$ in the top 10 cm of soil was 11$\pm$0 (average$\pm$S.E.) and 8037$\pm$221.Total plant seeds by artificial soil trasnsfer were estimated to be 53 thousand million $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in 10 cm soil depth. It reveals that soil transfer accelerates seeds and vegetation movement and makes urban vegetation mixed and common.