• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.72-92
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• 1999

The purpose of this thesis is to review relationship between various expression method in modern make-up and the tendency of Neo-Avantgarde. In this paper, the author classified the distinctive characters in Neo-Avantagarde with Historicism, Decadence, Humor, and Inhumanism and explained innovation and creatio which is manifested in the late 1990\`s make-up by studying Neo-Avantgarde tendency expressed in modern make-up. The results are as follows. 1. The Historicism in modern make-up is expressed in Japanese Kabuki Make-up, Chinese Pecking Opera make-up, and Primitive mask Make-up in Africa. 2. The Decadence is manifested in Tattoo make-up which is expressing fetishism and fin-de-냗칟 image, and Snobism Make-up which is expressing selg-ostentation and eroticism with artificial nail and eyelash. 3. The humor appears to the Character Make-up copying the characters in doll plays, animation and juvenile story. In addition it is showed in Kitsch Make-up, which has vulagr, rustic and childish image by wearing so diffusive and cheap ornaments. 4. The Inhumanism is appeared in Graphic Make-up which is in the pursuit of the visual happiness. It includes simple geometrical type, drawing and coloring. It is also showed in Vampire Make-up, which means the make-up style mading horro, hizarrerie, and mistery by primary color(black and red) make-up. As the above, Neo-Avantgarde can account for the diversity and pluralism of contemporary make-up.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2017

During the intramedullary nailing procedure, surgeons feel difficulty in manipulation of the X-ray device to align it to axes of nailing holes and suffer from the large radiation exposure from the X-ray device. These problems are caused by the fact the surgeon cannot see the hole's location directly and should use the X-ray device to find the hole's location and direction. In this paper, we proposed the robotic guidance of the distal screwing using an optical tracking system. To track the location of the hole for the distal screwing, the reference marker is attached to the proximal end of an intramedullary nail. To guide the drill's direction robustly, the 6-degree-of-freedom robotic arm is used. The robotic arm is controlled so as to align the drill guiding tool attached the robotic arm with the obtained the hole's location. For the safety, the robot's linear and angular velocities are restricted to the predefined values. The experimental results using the artificial bones showed that the position error and the orientation error were 0.91 mm and $1.64^{\circ}$, respectively. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement, thus it is expected to be adopted easily while reducing the radiation exposure significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

This study is to analyze seven fluoride varnishes remineralizing effects on early carious lesions in the clinical field. While CS, MI, CW, VV, EP, FP and FN were used for permanent teeth, CS, MI, CW and FP were used for primary teeth. The specimens were demineralized for 4 days after forming a $3{\times}3mm^2$ window with nail varnish, applied with varnishes separately, then were stirred in artificial saliva for 1 week. QLF-D analysis of carious lesion size showed that permanent teeth's ${\Delta}F$ value decreased after applying CS(4,64), MI(4.86), CW(4.50), and EP(5.50), while for primary teeth, FP(3.00) and MI(3.00) displayed a remineralizing effect. Thus, MI can be used effectively for preventing caries for both adults and children in the clinical field.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.454-461
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to compare and to evaluate the effects of the degree of saturation on the progression of artificial root caries lesion. A total of 8 human premolars without any defects and cracks selected and the cementum were removed and the teeth were cleaned with ultrasonic device and pumice without fluoride. Each tooth was sectioned into 6 pieces and they were ground with #800 sandpaper until they had a thickness of 200pm. Specimens were applied with nail vanish except for the 2-3 mm window area after application of bonding agent. Under the constant pH, the specimens were divided into 6 groups (degree of saturation: 0.1415, 0.1503, 0.1597, 0.1676, 0.1771. 0.1977). Each group was immersed in acid buffer solution for 1. 2, 3, 5 days under controlled temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and imbibed in water and examined using the polarizing microscope. The results were as follows 1. Although the degree of saturation of demineralization solution decreased, the depth of penetration in the dentin was constant. 2. Erosion was observed on the surface of all the teeth in the group I, II. In the group III, IV, V, surfaces were not changed. The teeth in the group VI showed the more mineralized surface but not the shape of the dentinal tubules distinctively. 3. In all groups, the lesion progressed rapidly at the first day of the experiment, but increased gradually as time elapsed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.436-499
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to be inquired social and cultural significance of the Grotesque phenomenon in the late 1990's make-up, as well as its experimentalism and avantgardism. The Grotesque is the aesthetic concept, which is composed of ambivalent structure of humor and horror, interest and disgust through join of heterogenous factors, distortion, extreme and overstatement in the patterns and materials of make-up. The Grotesque in the modern make-up is represented in the make-up advertisements and collections. In this paper, the author classified the Grotesque phenomenon with the Kitsch, the Machine, the Animal and the Devil, focused on heterogenous factors. The results are as follows. 1. The Kitsch in the make-up uses not cosmetics but imitations, ready-made goods, and ordinary materials. It expresses modern culture's laziness through shocking self-expression. 2. The Machine in the make-up means silver or white color's make-up, and represents cyber period's arrival through contrary irony, loss of the human value and the personifications of machine. At the same time, it is understood as the curing of human alinetion. 3. The Animal in the make-up utilizes the wild animal's horn, the reptiles'sputum, and the legend's animal. It points out a human false virtual image, and overturns make-up's traditional aesthetic concept. 4. The Devil in the make-up shows vampire's cuspid, demon's horn, artificial nail, and black color's make-up. It raises social irrationality and discrepancy of capitalism, and expresses paradoxically the nature of human life. The Devil in the make-up expresses the creator's innovation, anxiety of fin-de-siecle, and simultaneously criticizes and cures confused reality. It shows also avantgarde implementation of dissolution of traditional aesthetic concept and acceptance ugliness.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

Pit and fissure sealant prevents biofilm accumulation, plays a role in forming a barrier to acidic substance made by the bacteria. The Surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass ionomerI(S-PRG) filler was developed in 1999. S-PRG filler releases fluoride continuously and does not decompose under wet conditions. The aim of this study was to test the microleakage and anticariogenic effect to adjacent enamel of S-PRG filler-containing pit and fissure sealant. Sound premolars and molars were used in this study. A S-PRG filler-containing pit and fissure sealant, Beautisealant$^{(R)}$(Shofu, Japan) was used for this experiment, the composite resin sealant Concise$^{(R)}$(3M ESPE, USA) was used as control. For the microleakage test, all teeth surface were double coated with finger nail varnish, with the exception of a 1.0 mm window around the restoration margins. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours and then rinsed in tap water. For the anticariogenic effect evaluation, all tooth were immersed in artificial carious solution for 9 days and rinsed with tap water. Each tooth was embedded in orthodontic acrylic rein and subsequently sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction with a low-speed diamond saw. The cut sections were examined using a stereomicroscope. Differences in microleakage between the two groups were not different significantly. But the S-PRG filler-containing pit and fissure sealant showed higher anticariogenic effect than that of flowable resin sealant.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine efficacy of the commercially available 10% CPP-ACP cream (Tooth mousse, GC Co., Japan) and/or 0.05% NaF solution on the remineralization of artifical caries-like lesion in the bovine teeth enamel. Sixty bovine teeth were embedded in orthodontic resin and flattened. The enamel surface in 3 mm diameter was exposed with nail varnish. Specimens were stored in demineralizing solution and divided 5 groups; Group 1 (No treatment), 2 (0.05% NaF solution 1 min), 3 (Tooth mousse 3 min), 4 (After 0.05% NaF solution, Tooth mousse treatment), and 5 (After Tooth mousse treatment, soaking in 0.05% NaF solution during 1 min). After treatment by groups, all specimens was stored in artificial saliva for 30 min. After the process described as above was performed during 10 days without pH cycling, surface hardness (Vickers Hardness Number, VHN) was tested and analyzed by paired t-test and one-way ANOVA test with SPSS 14.0. In intragroup comparison between surface hardness of pre and post-treatment, group 3, 4, 5 showed statistically significant increase (P < 0.05). In intergroup comparison among surface hardness increase of all groups, difference of group 5 between pre and post-treatment ($15.80{\pm}12.21$) was the highest, and followed by group 4 ($14.27{\pm}11.73$), 3 ($4.05{\pm}5.18$), 2 ($1.15{\pm}6.83$), 1 ($0.78{\pm}6.21$). Tooth mousse can be a good alternative agent for the fluoride, and the combination use with fluoride might have the additional anticariogenic effect.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2011

This in vitro study compared the remineralization of incipient interproximal caries in the presence of three glass ionomer cements(highly-filled glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, compomer) and a resin composite(control). Thirty-two extracted premolars were selected based upon the lack of any visible demineralization. The teeth were coated in a transparent acid resistant nail varnish leaving $3{\times}3$ mm square. The teeth were subjected to the demineralizing buffer for 3 days and quantitative light-induced fluorescence(QLF) images of the subjects were taken. Proximal restoration was simulated by placing tooth specimens and the various glass ionomer cements in closed containers with artificial saliva at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 with constant circulation. Further QLF images were subsequently taken at 30, 60, and 90 days. The changes of mineral loss(${\Delta}Q$) were evaluated by QLF and the change of ${\Delta}Q$(${\Delta}{\Delta}Q$) were compared between groups in order to evaluate the effects of remineralization. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and the post-HOC Dunnett C multiple comparison test at p<0.05. While ${\Delta}Q$(changes of mineral loss) increased for all treatments, the increases for three glass ionomer groups were significantly higher than that for the resin group at first month period. As time went on, the amount of ${\Delta}{\Delta}Q$ decreased.