• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5349-5353
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• 2014

Statistical methods to analyze and predict the related risk factors of nosocomial infection in lung cancer patients are various, but the results are inconsistent. A total of 609 patients with lung cancer were enrolled to allow factor comparison using Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test or the Chi-square test. Variables that were significantly related to the presence of nosocomial infection were selected as candidates for input into the final ANN model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) model and logistic regression (LR) model. The prevalence of nosocomial infection from lung cancer in this entire study population was 20.1% (165/609), nosocomial infections occurring in sputum specimens (85.5%), followed by blood (6.73%), urine (6.0%) and pleural effusions (1.82%). It was shown that long term hospitalization (${\geq}22days$, P= 0.000), poor clinical stage (IIIb and IV stage, P=0.002), older age (${\geq}61days$ old, P=0.023), and use the hormones were linked to nosocomial infection and the ANN model consisted of these four factors. The artificial neural network model with variables consisting of age, clinical stage, time of hospitalization, and use of hormones should be useful for predicting nosocomial infection in lung cancer cases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2021

Forty-eight spring barley genotypes were evaluated for deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration under natural infection across 5 years at Harrington, Prince Edward Island. These genotypes were also evaluated for Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity and DON concentration under field nurseries with artificial inoculation of Fusarium graminearum by the grain spawn method across 2 years at Ottawa, Ontario, and one year at Hangzhou, China. Additionally, these genotypes were also evaluated for FHB severity under greenhouse conditions with artificial inoculation of F. graminearum by conidial suspension spray method across 3 years at Ottawa, Ontario. The objective of the study was to investigate if reactions of barley genotypes to artificial FHB inoculation correlate with reactions to natural FHB infection. DON concentration under natural infection was positively correlated with DON concentration (r = 0.47, P < 0.01) and FHB incidence (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. Therefore, the grain spawn method can be used to effectively screen for low DON. FHB severity, generated from greenhouse spray, however, was not correlated with DON concentration (r = 0.12, P > 0.05) under natural infection and it was not correlated with DON concentration (r = -0.23, P > 0.05) and FHB incidence (r = 0.19, P > 0.05) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. FHB severity, DON concentration, and yield were affected by year, genotype, and the genotype × year interaction. The effectiveness of greenhouse spray inoculation for indirect selection for low DON concentration requires further studies. Nine of the 48 genotypes were found to contain low DON under natural infection. Island barley had low DON and also had high yield.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5095-5099
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• 2015

Background: The statistical methods to analyze and predict the related dangerous factors of deep fungal infection in lung cancer patients were several, such as logic regression analysis, meta-analysis, multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, retrospective analysis, and so on, but the results are inconsistent. Materials and Methods: A total of 696 patients with lung cancer were enrolled. The factors were compared employing Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test or the Chi-square test and variables that were significantly related to the presence of deep fungal infection selected as candidates for input into the final artificial neural network analysis (ANN) model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) model and logistic regression (LR) model. Results: The prevalence of deep fungal infection from lung cancer in this entire study population was 32.04%(223/696), deep fungal infections occur in sputum specimens 44.05%(200/454). The ratio of candida albicans was 86.99% (194/223) in the total fungi. It was demonstrated that older (${\geq}65$ years), use of antibiotics, low serum albumin concentrations (${\leq}37.18g/L$), radiotherapy, surgery, low hemoglobin hyperlipidemia (${\leq}93.67g/L$), long time of hospitalization (${\geq}14$days) were apt to deep fungal infection and the ANN model consisted of the seven factors. The AUC of ANN model($0.829{\pm}0.019$)was higher than that of LR model ($0.756{\pm}0.021$). Conclusions: The artificial neural network model with variables consisting of age, use of antibiotics, serum albumin concentrations, received radiotherapy, received surgery, hemoglobin, time of hospitalization should be useful for predicting the deep fungal infection in lung cancer.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.107.2-108
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• 2003

Viral disease symptoms were investigated in the field grown Longiflorum hybrid cultivars, and the damages caused by infection with Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were assessed by comparing growth of plants produced from seeds of Longiflorum hybrid cultivar both infected by artificial inoculation and free from infection with theses viruses. Dominant symptom caused by spotaneous infection with LMoV and CMV in the field was mottle combined with chlorotic stripe on leaves. LMoV developed brownish necrotic lesion on floral leaves. The incidence of viral disease by mixed infection with LMoV, CMV or Lily symptomless virus (LSV) in the filed grown Longiflorum hybrid cultivar, cultivated for more than 6 years, was 80 to 84 percent. In comparison with virus-free plants, plants doubly infected with CMV and LMoV by artificial inoculation decreased stem length by 14 percent and fresh weight by 38 percent. In conclusion, flower quality and the stem length of Longiflorum hybrid cultivar were affected by LMoV and CMV infection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.549-557
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• 1994

This study was done to find the method of the extermination of Fasciola hepatica matacercariae. And the artificial infection was carried out with 30 metacercarae exposed to 5% ammonia water and not-exposed to 5% ammonia water. Serial determinations of live weight, red blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and eosinophils were performed in rats at 7 days interval for 16 weeks after infection (WAI). Recovery of worm burden and microscopic findings of livr was performed in rats at 10 WAI. The results in this work were summarized as follows; 1. Fasciola spp metacercariae exposed to 5% ammonia water have lost their ability of infection. 2. In teh exposed group, the mean of worm recovered was 2.25 and the common bile duct was swelling up to 0.71cm in diameter. 3. The value of live weight was different in two groups as the not-exposed group and the exposed group were 321.28, 384.38 at 10 WAI, respectively. 4. In the not-exposed group, at 7 WAI, hemoglobin at 5 WAI and packed cell volume at 7 WAI wre minimally decreased to $5.84{\times}10^{-6}/mm^3$, 11.53g/dl and 43.2%, respectively. But those three values were slowly increased at 10 WAI. Rercent cosinophil was increased to 12.2% at 4 WAI and slightly decreased to 7.9% at 10 WAI. But there are no stastistical singnificance between the exposed group and the normal control group. 5. In histolgical findings in the not-exposed group, the dilated common bile ducts and intrahepatic bile ducts showed distinct hyperplasia of the epithelium. Lymphocytes and eosinophils were infilterated around the bile ducts. The hepatic cells and Kupffer cells showed swollen appearance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2001

Objective : Cranioplasty is required to protect underlying brain, to correct major aesthetic deformities, or both. The ideal material for this purpose is autogenous bone. When this is not available, alloplastic or artificial materials may be used. In this study authors compared the infection rate according to the cranioplasty materials(the frozen autologous bone vs. bone cement), and duration of the skull defect. Materials : Between May 1994 and December 1999, 111 patients with skull defect treated with cranioplasty(82 cases of frozen autologous bone and 29 cases of artificial bone material) were included in this study. There were 77 males and 34 females with a mean age of 41.4 years(range 1-85 years). 57 patients had head trauma and 54 had non-traumatic insults. According to the duration of skull defect, there were 28 cases under 1 month, 33 cases of 1-2 months, 15 cases of 2-3 months, 20 cases of 3-6 months and 15 cases over 6 months of duration. Results : Overall infection rate was 9.9%. In cases with frozen autologous bone and artificial bone material, the infection rate was 8.5% and 13.7%, respectively. The infection rate according to the duration of skull defect was 3.6%(among 28 cases) under 1 month of age, while those were 12%(4 among 33 cases) at 1-2 months, 20%(3 among 15 cases) at 2-3 months, 5%(1 among 20 cases) at 3-6 months and 13%(2 among 15 cases) over 6 months. Accoring to the underlying disease, the infection rate in traumatic cases was 12%(7 among 57 cases) and that in non-traumatic one was 3.7%(2 among 54 cases). Conclusion : From this study, it appears that skull defect should be repaired as soon as possible, because early cranioplasty can lower the infection rate. And surgeons could save the patients' cranial bone as possible as they can because autologous bone is not only cost effective in cosmatic purpose but lower the infection rate.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

인공 관절 치환술 후 감염의 조기 진단에 도움이 되고자, 인공관절 술 후 4주 이내 발생하였던 급성 감염 환자들과 비 감염 환자들을 대상으로 술 후 기간별 C-반응성 단백질 검사와 적혈구 침강속도를 연속적으로 측정하여 비교하고 그 변화 양상에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 하지 인공관절 치환술을 시행 받은 환자 중 4주 이내에 급성 감염이 발생한 환자 50예와 어떠한 감염 징후도 없었던 환자 50예를 대상으로 하였다. C-반응성단백 및 적혈구침강속도의 측정은 수술 전, 수술 직후, 수술 후 2~3일, 수술 후 4~7일, 수술 후 8~14일, 수술 후 15~21일, 수술 후 22~31일 사이에 시행하였다. 연구결과 C-반응성단백은 감염과 비 감염 군에서 술 후 2~3일에 각각 $5.77{\pm}3.69$ 및 $5.17{\pm}3.48$로 가장 높았고, 이후 비 감염 군에서는 급격히 감소하여 술 후 15~21일에 $0.72{\pm}1.31$로 정상 범위를 보였지만, 감염 군에서는 $3.16{\pm}2.87$로 재상승하는 bimodal curve를 보였으며, 두 군 간의 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 적혈구침강속도는 감염과 비 감염 군에서 술 후 2~3일에 각각 $58.8{\pm}24.63$ 및 $44.08{\pm}21.48$로 급격히 증가하고(p<0.01). 이후 비 감염 군에서는 서서히 감소하여 술 후 15~21일에 $28.98{\pm}18.58$로 정상 범위를 보였지만, 감염 군에서는 $47.62{\pm}26.26$으로 재상승하는 bimodal curve를 보였으며, 두 군 간의 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 본 연구결과 인공관절 치환술 후 C-반응성단백 및 적혈구침강속도가 재상승하는 양상을 보일 경우 급성 술 후 감염을 의심할 수 있으며, 특히 C-반응성단백은 높은 민감도와 특이도를 나타내므로 감염을 진단하는 인자로 유용하다 할 수 있다. 이를 통해 감염 의심 환자를 조기에 예측하여 신속한 처치와 항생제 남용을 방지함으로써 전신적인 합병증으로 확대되는 것을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2016

Snakehead, Channa argus were intraperitoneally infected with Nocardia seriolae. at the concentrations of $1.5{\times}10^7cfu/m{\ell}$ or $1.5{\times}10^8cfu/m{\ell}$. The infected fish were kept in aquaria at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. Clinical signs and mortality were monitored daily to evaluate the virulence. All artificially infected fish showed the same clinical sign found in naturally infected fish. All the fish infected with $1.5{\times}10^8cfu/m{\ell}$ of N. seriolae died within 24days. N. seriolae showed higher virulence to snakehead at the temperature $30^{\circ}C$. Internal lesions such as whitish nodules in the infected internal organs were not correlated with mortality but some degenerative changes were observed in all the infected organs within a week. Whitish nodules in the infected organs which are the typical character in nocardial infection was initially found at two weeks after the artificial infection in snakehead.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.628-636
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• 2020

Streptococcosis in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus can be caused by Streptococcus parauberis. We compared three routes of administration for experimental injections of the S. parauberis 19FBSPa0003 strain in the olive flounder. Pathological changes were observed during the experimental infection. Inflammation of the serous membrane in the liver, intestine, spleen and heart was the major pathological change found in the infected olive flounder. No mortality was observed in fish that received intraperitoneal (IP) injection at less than 1×10⁴ colony-forming unit (CFU)/fish. The lethal dose 50 for olive flounder, given an intravenous (IV) injection, was 7.94×10⁴ CFU/fish. Fish with a higher concentration of IV injected S. parauberis (1×10⁸ CFU/fish) died within a maximum of two days. However, serious necrosis and bacterial proliferation in ellipsoidal cells of the spleen and heart tissues were found in moribund or dead fish, 1-2 days after IV injection. Similar histopathological signs were observed in olive flounder inoculated by subcutaneous (SC) infected and naturally infected. In addition, SC was also strongly associated with bacteria concentration and cumulative mortality rate. Based on these results, SC is the recommended method for artificial infection by S. parauberis in the olive flounder.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2008년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.59-61
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• 2008