• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

임플란트-골 계면상에 미세동요 없이 회복기를 가지는 것은 골융합을 위해서 필수적이다. 이를 위해 임플란트의 초기 안정성은 성공적인 예후를 위해서 중요한 요건이다. 충분한 골질과 골량은 임플란트의 초기 안정성과 조기 실패 방지를 위해 중요한 요소이지만, 임플란트가 갖는 외형적 특성이 초기 안정성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 임플란트의 형태가 초기 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 골질에 따라 피질골과 해면골의 두께가 서로 다른 모형골에 straight body의 US II, GS II, SS II system과 tapered body의 GS III system (OSSTEM Implant Co., Seoul, Korea) 임플란트를 식립하고 식립 회전력과 공진 주파수 및 동요도를 측정하였다. 이번 실험에서 초기 안정성에 주요한 영향을 미치는 요소는 골질로 나타났다. 임플란트의 형태에 따라 이중 나사선을 가지는 GS II 임플란트가 초기 안정성은 높게 나타났으며 tapered 한 임플란트가 straight 임플란트에 비해서 높은 초기 안정성을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 tapered 임플란트 식립 시 임플란트의 외형과 조화된 식립구를 형성하는 것이 피질골이 두꺼운 경우 피질골에 과도한 압축력을 감소시키고 반대의 경우 해면골로부터 좀 더 많은 골고정을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.604-613
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• 2009

Recently, researches to develop phased array ultrasonic examination techniques are proceeded to diagnose dental caries and the status of surgical operation of dental implant. Sound field analysis of phased array ultrasonic transducers were carried out in order to characterizing the ultrasonic phased array beams. The sound field of ultrasonic radiation was calculated for the sample called "gypsum-improved stone" with the similar characteristics of dental materials. Industrial phased array ultrasonic devices were utilized for the insptriion of the artificial flaws machined in the gypsum-improved stone. Dental implants were made at the pig jaw bone and defect images were confirmed for the dental implants.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.356-359
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• 1999

To obtain a biomaterial that has both biological affinity and high mechanical strength, hydroxyapatite granules were implanted into the surface of pure titanium film coated titanium alloy. The film was coated by reactive DC sputtering method on the alloy substrate. Hydroxyapatite granules (32- $38\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter)were spread over titanium alloy substrate and pressed to implant the granules in the substrate. They can be implanted into substrate under 17MPa at $800^{\circ}C$ for 10minutes. The only tops of the granules were exposed and they were firmly stuck in substrate. The hydroxyapatite implanted titanium alloy composites were expected to be useful for biomaterials as artificial bones and dental roots.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권8호통권197호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of artificial disc implantation and fusion on the biomechanics of adjacent motion segment, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of whole lumbar spine (L1-S1) was developed. Biomechanical analysis was performed for two different types of artificial disc, ProDisc and SB $Charit{\acute{e}}$ III model, inserted at L4-L5 level and these results were also compared with fusion case. Angular motion of vertebral body, forces on the spinal ligaments and facet joint under sagittal plane loading with a compressive preload of 150 N at a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of Ll-S1 were compared. The implant did not significantly alter the kinematics of the motion segment adjacent to the instrumented level. However, $Charit{\acute{e}}$ III model tend to decrease its motion on the adjacent levels, especially in extension motion. Contrast to motion and ligament force changes, facet contact forces were increased in the adjacent levels as well as implanted level for constrained instantaneous center of rotation model, i.e. ProDisc model.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implant tilting and the loading direction on the displacement and micromotion (relative displacement between the implant and bone) of immediately loaded implants by in vitro experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Six artificial bone blocks were prepared. Six screw-type implants with a length of 10 mm and diameter of 4.3 mm were placed, with 3 positioned axially and 3 tilted. The tilted implants were $30^{\circ}$ distally inclined to the axial implants. Vertical and mesiodistal oblique ($45^{\circ}$ angle) loads of 200 N were applied to the top of the abutment, and the abutment displacement was recorded. Nonlinear finite element models simulating the in vitro experiment were constructed, and the abutment displacement and micromotion were calculated. The data on the abutment displacement from in vitro experiments and FEA were compared, and the validity of the finite element model was evaluated. Results: The abutment displacement was greater under oblique loading than under axial loading and greater for the tilted implants than for the axial implants. The in vitro and FEA results showed satisfactory consistency. The maximum micromotion was 2.8- to 4.1-fold higher under oblique loading than under vertical loading. The maximum micromotion values in the axial and tilted implants were very close under vertical loading. However, in the tilted implant model, the maximum micromotion was 38.7% less than in the axial implant model under oblique loading. The relationship between abutment displacement and micromotion varied according to the loading direction (vertical or oblique) as well as the implant insertion angle (axial or tilted). Conclusions: Tilted implants may have a lower maximum extent of micromotion than axial implants under mesiodistal oblique loading. The maximum micromotion values were strongly influenced by the loading direction. The maximum micromotion values did not reflect the abutment displacement values.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2022

목적: 본 연구는 79종의 치과 임플란트에 대해 딥러닝을 이용한 식별 모델의 정확도와 임상적 유용성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 2001년부터 2020년까지 30개 치과에서 임플란트 치료를 받은 환자들의 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 총 45396개의 임플란트 고정체 이미지를 수집했다. 수집된 임플란트 이미지는 18개 제조사의 79개 유형이었다. 모델 학습을 위해 EfficientNet 및 Meta Pseudo Labels 알고리즘이 사용되었다. EfficientNet은 EfficientNet-B0 및 EfficientNet-B4가 하위 모델로 사용되었으며, Meta Pseudo Labels는 확장 계수에 따라 두 가지 모델을 적용했다. EfficientNet에 대해 Top 1 정확도를 측정하고 Meta Pseudo Labels에 대해 Top 1 및 Top 5 정확도를 측정하였다. 결과: EfficientNet-B0 및 EfficientNet-B4는 89.4의 Top 1 정확도를 보였다. Meta Pseudo Labels 1은 87.96의 Top 1 정확도를 보였고, 확장 계수가 증가한 Meta Pseudo Labels 2는 88.35를 나타냈다. Top 5 정확도에서 Meta Pseudo Labels 1의 점수는 97.90으로 Meta Pseudo Labels 2의 97.79보다 0.11% 높았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 임플란트 식별에 사용된 4가지 딥러닝 알고리즘은 모두 90%에 가까운 정확도를 보였다. 임플란트 식별을 위한 딥러닝의 임상적 적용 가능성을 높이려면 더 많은 데이터를 수집하고 임플란트에 적합한 미세 조정 알고리즘의 개발이 필요하다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

PURPOSE. To investigate the influence of crown material (lithium-disilicate, 3Y-TZP zirconia) and abutment type (rigid implant, resin tooth with artificial periodontium) on wear performance of their antagonist teeth and adjacent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A mandibular left first molar (#36) with adjacent human teeth (mandibular left second premolar: #35, mandibular left second molar: #37) and antagonistic human teeth (maxillary left second premolar: #25, maxillary left first molar: #26, maxillary left second molar: #27) was prepared simulating a section of the jaw. Samples were made with extracted human molars (Reference), crowned implants (Implant), or crowned resin tooth analogues (Tooth). Crowns (tooth #36; n = 16/material) were milled from lithium-disilicate (Li, IPS e.max CAD) or 3Y-TZP zirconia (Zr, IPS e.max ZirCAD, both Ivoclar Vivadent). Thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) in the chewing simulator were applied simulating 15 years of clinical service. Wear traces were analyzed (frequency [n], depth [㎛]) and evaluated using scanning electron pictures. Wear results were compared by one-way-ANOVA and post-hoc-Bonferroni (α = 0.05). RESULTS. After TCML, no visible wear traces were found on Zr. Li showed more wear traces (n = 30-31) than the reference (n = 21). Antagonistic teeth #26 showed more wear traces in contact to both ceramics (n = 27-29) than to the reference (n = 21). Strong wear traces (> 350 ㎛) on antagonists and their adjacent teeth were found only in crowned groups. Abutment type influenced number and depth of wear facets on the antagonistic and adjacent teeth. CONCLUSION. The clinically relevant model with human antagonistic and adjacent teeth allowed for a limited comparison of the wear situation. The total number of wear traces and strong wear on crowns, antagonistic and adjacent teeth were influenced by crown material.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.593-607
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the bone morphogenetic protein, bone matrix gelatin and collagen matrix on the amount and shape of generating new bone adjacent to the implant. Implants were inserted in the mandible of adult dogs at 2 months after teeth extraction. Artificial bony defects, 3mm in width and 4mm in depth were made at the mesial and distal side of implant. Experimental groups were divided into three groups ; Group 1 : Defects filled with collagen matrix and bone morphogenetic protein, Group 2 : Defects filled with bone matrix gelatin. Control group : Defects filled with only collagen matrix. After implantation, the animals were sacrificed at 1,3,5 and 10 weeks for light microscopic examination. For the fluorescent microscopic examination. each tertracycline Hcl and calcein were injected at 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 weeks after implantation. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The molecular weight of bovine BMP was about 18,100 by hydroxyapatite chromatography. 2. Osseointegration was observed in experimental groups 1 & 2, and BMG and BMP had an excellent bone forming capability as a filling materials to the repair of the bone defects. 3. The degree of healing of bone defect area, the experimental group 1 showed more prominent bone formation than control group, and the control group showed fibrous connective tissue between the implant and the bone. 4. In the fluorescent microscopic findings, bone remodelling was observed regenerative lamellar bone at defect area in experimental group 1, and partial remodelling in experimental group 2, In the control group, fibrous connective tissue was observed between the implant and bone surface and sign of remodelling was not apperaed. Above results suggest that BMP has rapid osteoinductive property and can be used clinically as a bone substitute on bone defects around implants.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

Dental implants are currently widely used as artificial teeth due to their good chewing performance and long life cycle. A dental implant consists of an abutment as the upper part and a fixture as the lower part. When chewing forces are repeatedly applied to a dental implant, gap at the interface surface between the abutment and the fixture is often occurred, and results in some deteriorations such as loosening of fastening screw, dental retraction and fixture fracture. To cope with such problems, a sealing-type abutment having a number of grooves along the conical-surface circumference was previously developed, and shows better sealing performance than the conventional one. This study carries out optimization of the groove shape by genetic algorithm(GA) as well as structural analysis in consideration of external chewing force and pretension between the abutment and the fixture. The overall optimization system consists of two subsystems; the one is the genetic algorithm with MATLAB, and the other is the structural analysis with ANSYS. Two subsystems transmit and receive the relevant data with each other throughout the optimization processes. The optimization result is then compared with that of the conventional one with respect to the contact pressure and the maximum stress. The result shows that the optimized model gives better sealing performance than the conventional sealing abutment.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2021

PURPOSE. To investigate the biomechanical effect of marginal bone resorption (MBR) on the mandibular mini implant (MI)-retained overdenture (MI-OD) on the edentulous model. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experimental mandibular edentulous model was modified from a commercial model with 2 mm thick artificial soft tissue under denture base. Two MIs (Φ2.6 mm × 10 mm) were bilaterally placed between the lateral incisor and the canine area and attached with magnetic attachments. Three groups were set up as follows: 1) alveolar bone around the MI without MBR (normal group), 2) with MBR to 1/2 the length of the implant (resorption group), and 3) complete denture (CD) without MI (CD group). Strain around the MI, pressure near the first molar area, and displacement of denture were simultaneously measured, loading up to 50 N under bilateral/unilateral loading. Statistical analysis was performed using independent-samples t test and one-way ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS. The strain around the MI with MBR was approximately 1.5 times higher than that without MBR. The pressure in CD was higher than in MI-ODs (P<.05), while there was no statistical difference between the normal and resorption group (P>.05). Similarly, the CD demonstrated a greater displacement of the denture base than did the MI-ODs during bilateral and unilateral loadings (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The strain around the MI with MBR was approximately 1.5 times higher than that without MBR. The pressure on posterior alveolar ridge and denture displacement of MI-ODs significantly decreased compared to CDs, even when MBR occurs. Bilateral balanced occlusion was recommended for MI-ODs, especially when MBR occurred.