• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.314-322
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• 2006

The whole mitochondrial genome (14,915 nt) of Pollicipes mitella (Crustacea, Maxillopoda, Cirripedia, Thoracica) was sequenced and characterized. It is the shortest of the 31 completely sequenced crustacean mitochondrial genomes, with the exception of a copepod Tigriopus japonicus (14,628 nt). It consists of the usual 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 relatively short non-coding region (294 nt). The thoracican cirripeds apart from Megabalanus volcano have the same arrangement of protein-coding genes as Limulus polypemus, but there are frequent tRNA gene translocations (at least 8). Some interesting translocation features that may be specific to the thoracican cirriped lineage are as follows: 1) trnK-trnQ lies between the control region and trnI, 2) trnA-trnE lies between trnN and trnS1, 3) trnP lies between ND4L and trnT, and 4) trnY-trnC lies between trnS2 and ND1. In P. mitella there are two trnL genes (L1 and L2) in the typical crustacean positions (ND1-L1-LrRNA and CO1-L2-CO2). The present result is compared and discussed with the other three cirriped mitochondrial genomes from one pedunculate (Pollicipes polymerus) and two sessiles (Tetraclita japonica and M. volcano) published so far. Mitochondrial protein phylogenies reconstructed by the BI and ML algorithms show that the thoracican Cirripedia is monophyletic (BPP 100/BP 100) and associated with Remipedia (BPP 98/BP 35). In addition, Oligostraca, including Ostracoda, Branchiura, and Pentastomida, is a monophyletic group (BPP 99/BP 68), and is basal to all the other examined arthropods. Remipedia + Cirripedia appears as an independent lineage within Arthropoda, apart from Thoracopoda (Malacostraca, Branchiopda, and Cephalocarida). The Thoracopoda is paraphyletic to Hexapoda. The present result suggests that the monophylies of Crustacea and Maxillopoda should be reconsidered.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.190-203
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• 2021

Water quality, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and other factors were investigated to explore the effects of the effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plant into Jwagwang stream in Busan in 2019. During the study period, the flow rate of this stream was in the range of 10,400 m³/day to 52,200 m³/day except for the discharge of about 24,000 m³/day of the effluent. After discharge, the flow velocity increased by about 65% and the water depth increased by about 40%. At sites downstream of the discharge point, BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and other water quality values were worse than those of the upstream sites. The periphytic algal chlorophyll-a concentrations in the natural substrata were higher than those of the upstream sites, especially in May and August. However, at sites downstream of the discharge point, the individual numbers of Annelida were decreased and individual numbers of the insecta of arthropoda were increased. Also, species numbers and the diversity and dominance indexes were improved in the sites downstream of the discharge point. The functional feeding groups (FFGs) of collector-filterers were increased and the habitat orientation groups (HOGs) of sprawlers, burrowers, and clingers were especially increased at the sites with additional reclaimed wastewater effluent flow. Regardless of the effluent discharge, BMI, an indicator of ecological stream health using benthic macroinvertebrate species, did not show large gaps between the study points. Although the water quality of the sites downstream of the discharge point was much worse than those upstream, their ecosystem soundness was better than those of the upstream sites from an ecological perspective.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.303-319
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• 2023

Pitfall traps that use ethylene glycol as a preservative solution are commonly used in arthropod research. However, a recent surge in cases involving damage to these traps by roe deer or wild boars owing to the sweet taste of ethylene glycol has prompted the addition of quinone sulfate, a substance with a pungent taste, to deter such wildlife interference. This study aimed to assess the effects of quinone sulfate on arthropods collected from pitfall traps containing ethylene glycol. We strategically positioned 50 traps using ethylene glycol alone and 50 traps containing a small amount of quinone sulfate mixed with ethylene glycol in a grid pattern for systematic sampling at the Gwangneung Forest long-term ecological research (LTER) site. Traps were collected 10 days later. The results revealed a notable effect on ants when quinone sulfate was introduced. Specifically, it decreased the number of ants. In a species-specific analysis of ants, only Nylanderia flavipes showed a significant decline in response to quinone sulfate, whereas other ant species remained unaffected. Additionally, among the arthropod samples obtained in this survey, we identified species or morpho-species of spiders, beetles, and ants and assessed species diversity. Consequently, the utilization of quinone sulfate should be undertaken judiciously, taking into account the specific species composition and environmental characteristics of the monitoring site. Our study also highlighted the significant response of various arthropod groups to variations in leaf litter depth, underscoring the crucial role of the leaf litter layer in providing sustenance and shelter for ground-foraging arthropods. Furthermore, we have compiled comprehensive species lists of both spiders and ants in Gwangneung forest by amalgamating data from this investigation with findings from previous studies.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.69-92
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• 2023

The 'Japanese Useful Fisheries Classification Table', published in advance before the publication of the "Useful Fisheries of Japan", is the first data to classify and introduce fisheries animals and plants in a single table. Therefore, it had received public attention immediately. However, The academy of animal studies at that time quickly pointed out that this classification table was a mixture of traditional and modern classifications, and that there were too many errors. However, Yoshio Tanaka, who was in charge of revising Yamamoto Arikatana, that wrote the classification table, was not an adherent of traditional taxonomy, nor was he ignorant of modern taxonomy. Nevertheless, the classification table, which was quite different from the well-known zoological classification at that time, was prepared. For example, the top classifications of marine organism are not at the same level, but rather a mixture of phylum and class, while the water insect contains several phylums, including Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Coelenterata. As such, the method of classification of animals in the classification table was hard to understand in the zoological academy at that time. The reason for this unusual taxonomy was that the classification table showed classification of useful fisheries products, not intended to convey academic classification. In other words, it is not for the purpose of academic classification of all fishery products, but for the purpose of presenting standards that can be easily understood by those engaged in the collection, manufacture, and aquaculture of fishery products. This principle of 'Useful Fisheries of Japan' is also ascertained in the "Fishing Methods of Japan" and "Fishery Products of Japan". Regarding the collection and processing of marine products, it could have shown how to catch whales, which are mammals, and how to dismantle whales and obtain oil and meat, according to academic classifications. However, the first appearances in the book include dried squid, abalone, shark fins, and sea cucumbers. In other words, the most important fishery products at that time are presented first. The contents of the classification table, which is considered somewhat bizarre, show where the purpose to compile Useful Fisheries of Japan.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 1993

We identified the benthos collected from intertidal zone in Sacho, Naedong, Oran and Kusong of Haenam peninsula in October, 1990 and May, 1991 and examined the distribution pattern on the bases of the analysis of community structure and the physicochemical analysis of sediment including the grain component. The identified benthos consisted of 141 species and 4,641 individuals. The number of species and individuals of Mollusca, Arthropoda and Annelida occupy more than $85\%$ of the total number. When the intertidal zone were divided into soft area and rocky area the species found in rocky area(114 species) were present in a more diverse way than that in soft area(69 species). The composition of species found in 4 localities turned out to be very similar in soft area while in rocky area the most diverse species were found in Kusong. The seasonal appearance frequency of species and individuals showed that the number collected in the spring(106 species, 3,002 individuals) was higher than that in the fall(85 species, 1,639 individuals). The most dominant species was Cerithideopsilla djadjariensis belonging to Gastropoda, Mollusca(412 individuals) and the species collected more than 200 individuals were 5 species of Mollusca and 1 species of Arthropoda. The species diversity index of 4 localities was in the order of Kusong, Oran, Naedong and Sacho revealed no significant differences among regions. The dominance index was low in Kusong and was high in Sacho. The index of interstational species similarity in soft sediment was very similar with $0.44{\sim}0.53$ value and the index was quite high in Kusong and Oran. This agrees very well with the similarity of the grain component of sediment. In case of rocky area the index was quite low with 0.27 for Kusong and Sacho situated far away from each other. Thus the present study suggests that the distribution of the species was subjected to the physicochemical environmental factor such as the grain component of sediment and the content of organic materials including the geographical factor.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 2007

Two endogenous endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-glucanase (EGase, EC 3.2.1.4) cDNAs were cloned from the midgut of the earthworm Eisenia anderi, and named EaEG2 and EaEG3, respectively. A sequence of 1,368 bp was determined and the coding region is composed of 456 amino acid residues including the initiation methionine. The N-terminal region of 20 residues in the deduced sequence was regarded as the signal peptide. These EGases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9) and showed high levels of identity(51-55%) with selected termite, cockroache, crayfish and mollusc EGases. The EGases of earthworm consist of three consensus catalytic domains found in most microbial cellulases. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the deduced amino acid sequence data matched through the BLASTX program and showed that GHF9 families could be divided into five groups of arthropoda, bacteria, plant, annelida and mollusc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2017

This study was carried out to analyze the community structure and distribution of macrobenthos at the intertidal zone of Jukbyeon in Uljin-gun during 2015-2016. The number of species were total 41 from 5 phyla. The species composition of Cnidaria 4, Mollusca 19, Annelida 3, Arthropoda 13, Echinodermata 2 and the individuals was $1,642inds./m^2$ and the weight was $1,959.42gWWt./m^2$ in the study area. The dominant species of the upper zones were Chthamalus challengeri and Nodilittorina radiata. Those of the lower zones were Mytilus galloprovincialis, Nipponacmaea schrenckii and Chlorostoma turbinata. The dominant species of the upper zones of winter and spring were C. challengeri, the summer and autumn of the N. radiata. Those of the lower zones were all seasonal of M. galloprovincialis. As a result of cluster analysis, those regions were divided in three groups, which were a group A of December 2015, August 2015 and February to August 2016 of intertidal zone lower, group B of December 2016 and May 2015 of intertidal zone lower, group C of intertidal zone upper.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2014

This study was carried out to measure the seasonal changes in community structure and species composition of marobenthos on the subtidal area of Saemangeum regions. The macrobenthos comprised 64 species were during this study, predominately annelids (53.0%), arthropods (18.8%), mollusks (18.8%) and 9.4% were from other species. Total abundance was 24,885 individuals, comprising 19,805 individuals of annelids (79.6%), 4,620 individuals of mollusks (18.5%), 295 individuals of other species (1.2%), and 165 individuals of arthropods (0.7%). After analyzing the bray-curtis similarity, had two large groups (A, B) the inside and outside of Saemangeum dike. They all matched the nMDS analysis. I evaluated the benthic community health using BPI (Benthic pollution Index). There are no significant differences between the station position and the inside or outside of Saemangeum dike. But, highest BPI level was in March.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 2020

Irrigation ponds, 'dumbeong', which are artificially constructed water resources for traditional farming, serve as a biological shelter connecting seasonally created rice paddy fields to local freshwater ecosystems. This 2018 study surveyed 143 irrigation ponds in the western Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) area from August to September, revealing species diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates. A total of 13,454 individuals of macroinvertebrates were captured and classified into 3 phyla, 5 classes, 17 orders, 59 families, 192 species. Among Insecta, the most frequently recorded order was Odonata, 55 spp.(33.7%), followed by Coleoptera, 52 spp. (31.9%), Hemiptera, 34 spp. (20.8%), Diptera, 17 spp. (9.8%), Ephemeroptera, 3 spp. (2.4%), Trichoptera, 1 spp. (0.6%) and Lepidoptera, 1 spp. (0.6%). Taxon of non-Insecta consisted of Mollusca, 14 spp. (48.2%), Annelida, 11 spp. (37.9%) and Arthropoda, 4 spp. (3.4%). The analysis of Diversity Index (H'), Species Richness Index (RI), Dominance Index (DI) and Evenness Index (J') revealed the general stability of communities in the study sites. A total of 28 rare species were found in 98 study sites, including three endangered species designated by the Ministry of Environment. These results showed that the species diversity and rarity of macroinvertebrates in the study area were greater than those of previous research on lentic wetlands (lake, etc.) and national conserved wetlands(Upo-swamp, etc.) in Korea. A conservation planning of aquatic ecosystems in the western CCZ area, therefore, should focus on conservation of irrigation ponds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.953-959
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• 2013

In this study, through the analysis of the growth condition and prey of the largemouth bass, we tried to understand the characteristics of the aquatic animal community depending on the composition and shape of a artificial lake. The evaluation was conducted for Ilsan lake which is one of the largest urban artificial lakes in Korea. Weight gain rate of the Zone III (eco-zone) was more rapid based on the relationship of length and weight of largemouth bass. Total 16 and 9 species of fish were found in each Zone III and Zone I, II (artificial zones), which represented significantly higher diversity of fish species in Zone III than Zone I, II. Index of relative importance(IRI) was more diverse at Zone III and when considering the hunger rate the food stress was more serious at Zone I, II. the proportion of the population of fish, Zacco platypus revealed to be the dominant species, and Squalidus gracilis majimae and Rhinogobius brunneus inhabited only Zone III naturally rich. On account of low prey species diversity of Zone I, II, the Phylum Arthropoda like Heteroptera showed relatively higher prey ratio in stomach of largemouth bass than that of Zone III. It was possible to figure out aquatic animal community characteristics indirectly through analyzing the stomach contents of largemouth bass.