• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2020

Objectives: Artemisinin and its derivatives extracted from Artemisia annua, a Chinese herbal medicine, have variable biological effects due to structural differences. Up to date, the anti-obesity effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a derivative of artemisinin, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects of DHA on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay were used to measure lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in 3T3-L1 cells, respectively. Cell count analysis was used to determine the cytotoxicity of 3T3-L1 cells. Western blot and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to analyze the expression of protein and mRNA in 3T3-L1 cells, respectively. Results: DHA at 5 μM markedly inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced TG content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, DHA at 5 μM inhibited the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and perilipin A as well as the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, while DHA at 5 μM had no effect on the mRNA expression of adiponectin, it strongly suppressed that of leptin in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. However, DHA at 5 μM had no lipolytic effect on differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, as assessed by no enhancement of glycerol release. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that DHA at 5 μM has a strong anti-adipogenic effect on differentiating 3T3-L1 cells through the reduced expression and phosphorylation of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, perilipin A, and STAT-3.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2009

Somatic chromosome numbers for 20 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. were investigated for the purpose of classification. Somatic chromosome numbers of treated taxa were 2n = 16, 18, 34, 36, 50, 52, 54, and therefore their basic chromosome numbers were x = 8, 9, 10, 13, 17. The chromosome number of A. japonica var. angustissima is being reported for the first time in this study. The chromosome numbers of 13 taxa were the same as in previous reports; A. capillaris (2n = 18), A. japonica var. hallaisanensis (2n = 36), A. japonica subsp. littoricola (2n = 36), A. annua (2n = 18), A. carvifolia (2n = 18), A. fukudo (2n = 16), A. keiskeana (2n = 18), A. stolonifera (2n = 36), A. sylvatica(2n = 16), A. selengensis (2n = 36), A. montana (2n = 52), A. lancea (2n = 16), A. sieversiana (2n = 18); however, the chromosome numbers of 6 taxa were different; A. japonica var. japonica (2n = 18, 36 vs 2n = 36), A. sacrorum (2n = 18, 54 vs 2n = 54), A. rubripes (2n = 16, 34 vs 2n = 16), A. indica (2n = 34, 36 vs 2n = 34), A. codonocephala (2n = 18, 50, 54 vs 2n = 50), A. argyi (2n = 34, 36, 50 vs 2n =34). The somatic chromosome numbers of Korean Artemisia are thought to be good characteristics for classifying some taxa such as A. japonica var. japonica, A. sacrorum, A. codonocephala, A. argyi, A. montana, A. sylvatica.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1995.06a
• /
• pp.40-56
• /
• 1995

During the past two decades, China has seen her great progress in plant biotechnology. Since the Chinese market of herb medicine is huge, while the plant resources are shrinking, particular emphasis has been placed in plant tissue and cell cultures of medicinal plants, this includes fast propagation, protoplast isolation and regeneration, cell suspension cultures and large scale fermentation. To optimize culture conditions for producing secondary compounds in vitro, various media, additives and elicitors have been tested. Successful examples of large scale culture for the secondary metabolite biosynthesis are quite limited : Lithospermum ery throrhizon and Arnebia euchroma for shikonin derivatives, Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolium for saponins, and a few other medicinal plants. Recent development of genetic transformation systems of plant cells offered a new approach to in vitro production of secondary compounds. Hairy root induction and cultures, by using Ri-plasmid, have been reported from a number of medicinal plant species, such as Artemisia annua that produces little artemisinin in normal cultured cells, and from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. In the coming five years, Chinese scientists will continue their work on large scale cell cultures of a few of selected plant species, including Taxus spp. and A. annua, for the production of secondary metabolites with medicinal interests, one or two groups of scientists will be engaged in molecular cloning of the key enzymes in plant secondary metabolism.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2020

본 실험은 다양한 생리활성이 보고되어 약용으로 널리 쓰이는 개똥쑥(Artemisia annua L.) 종자의 온도에 따른 발아 특성을 조사하기 위해 진행하였다. 미세온도구배 발아기를 이용하여 낮과 밤의 온도를 각각 5 ~ 35℃ 범위에서 낮과 밤의 시간을 12시간으로 고정하고, 낮 온도가 밤 온도보다 크거나 같은 조건을 설정하여 총 27개의 온도조건으로 개똥쑥 종자의 최종 발아율 및 발아율과의 관계를 분석하였다. 실험결과, 개똥쑥 종자는 실험에 사용한 모든 온도조건에서 발아가 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 25/10℃(낮/밤) 조건에서 90%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 또한, 발아율 조사결과를 통해 일평균온도뿐만 아니라 일교차온도도 발아율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되어 일평균온도와 일교차온도로 나누어 발아율과의 관계를 분석하였다. 온도조건과 발아율과의 연속적인 발아특성을 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석과 비선형 회귀분석을 이용하여 온도 조건과 상대적 발아율의 관계를 수식으로 표현하였다. 일평균온도를 기준으로 발아율과의 관계를 분석한 결과, 5 ~ 35℃의 모든 일평균 온도범위에서 유의성이 나타났으며 5, 7.5, 32.5, 35℃는 상대적인 음의 영향력을, 나머지 조건에서는 상대적인 양의 영향력을 가진 것으로 분석되었다. 일교차온도를 기준으로 발아율과의 관계를 분석한 결과, 0 ~ 25℃의 모든 일교차 온도범위에서 양의 영향력을 가진 것으로 분석되었다. 일평균온도는 19.3℃에 가까울수록, 일교차온도는 14.9℃에 가까울수록 발아에 대한 영향력이 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 각 수식을 통해 도출된 수치화된 온도에 따른 개똥쑥 종자의 일일누적 온도 영향력을 temperature score(TS)로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 수식을 통해 누적 TS를 계산한 결과, 14.9 TS가 누적되었을 때 발아율이 85% 이상으로 나타날 것으로 예측되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.294-299
• /
• 2005

A cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS; EC2.5.1.1/EC2.5.1.10) was isolated from Centella asiacita (L.) Urban, using degenerate primers based on two highly conserved domains. A full-length cDNA clone was subsequently isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The sequence of the CaFPS (C. asiatica farnesyl diphosphate synthase) cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1029 nucleotides encoding 343 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39.6 kDa. The deduced CaFPS amino acid sequence exhibits 84, 79, and 72%, identity to the FPSs of Artemisia annua, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa, respectively. Southern blot analysis suggested that the C. asiatica genome contains only one FPS gene. An artificially expressed soluble form of the CaFPS was identified by SDS-PAGE. It had high specific activity and produced farnesyl diphosphate as the major isoprenoid.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.10a
• /
• pp.266-267
• /
• 2010

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 1996

The effects of salt are studied on control of weeds and growth of Korean turfgrass(Zoysia japon-ica Steud.). And the mobility of salt were determined in a lawn field. At post-emergence stage, the growth of the 13 weeds such as Trifolium repens, Erigeron canadensis, Artemisia prieceps, Equi-setum arvense, etc were controlled by treatment of salt and salt water, Pea-annua and Equisetum arvense were tolerant to salt compared with the other 11 weeds. At pre-emergence stage, the salt controlled the germination of the weeds in soil. 300~500 kg /10a salt and 20~30 % salt waterwere enough for the control of weeds, However, salt water injuried the lawngrass except the dormancy stage. The mobility of salt in soil was increased by rainfall. After 160mm of rainfall, the salinity in the soil treated with salt 500kg /l0a was below 0.3 ms/cm in surface soil and about 0.1 ms /cm in soil 30 cm depth. Key words: Soil environmental survey, Korean turfgrass, Salt, Salt water.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.7 no.2_3
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 1993

About 154 weed species composed of 31 annuals, 33 biennials, and 90 perennials belonging to 38 families were identified from golf courses in Dongrae, Joongmoon and Ora country clubs on June and September, 1992. Compositae was the most widely occurring family covering 30 species, followed by 28 species in Graminae, 12 species in Leguminasae and Rosaceae, respectively, and 7 species in Caryopbyllacese etc. The bighest number of weed species occurred in the out of bounds in three golf courses, The dominant weed species based on importance value and frequency were Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Poa annua, Cyperus rotundus, Oxalis corniculata, Digitaria sanguinalis and Artemisia prinseps.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2015

In this study, extract from Artemisia annua in L. (AAE) is known as a medicinal herb that is effective against cancer. The cell cycle is regulated by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/cyclin complex. We will focus on regulation of CDK2 by cyclin E. cyclin E is associated with CDK2 to regulate progression from G1 into S phase. Akt is known to play an important role in cell proliferation and cell survival. Activation of Akt increases mTOR activity that promotes cell proliferation and cancer growth. In this study, we investigated that AAE-induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase in HCT116 colon cancer. Treatment of AAE shows that reduced activation of Akt decreases mTOR/Mdm2 activity and then leads to increase the activation of p53. The active p53 promotes activation of p21. p21 induces inactivation of CDK2/cyclin E complex and occurs cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase. We treated LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) and Rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) to know the relationship between the signal transduction of proteins associated with cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that AAE induces cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase by Akt/mTOR pathway in HCT116 colon cancer cell.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2018

In this study, the optimal fermenting conditions of sugar extracts of Artemisia annua L. (Aa), Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Hc), and Saururus chinensis Baill (Sc) were determined to develop fermented beverages. The sugar extracts ($50{\pm}5^{\circ}Bx$) were diluted to 10, 15, and $20^{\circ}Bx$, and fermented with 2% (v/v) of Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 ($5{\times}10^9CFU/mL$) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. According to the lactic acid bacteria population, pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugar content, $20^{\circ}Bx$ for Aa, $10^{\circ}Bx$ for Hc and $15^{\circ}Bx$ for Sc were the maximum concentrations for the fermentation. There were no changes in total polyphenol content in the extracts of Aa, Hc, and Sc, whereas the radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were increased during the fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation resulted in improvement of sensory evaluation scores on unfavorable plant taste and overall acceptability of the sugar extracts of medicinal plants.