• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

Pacman is one of the world-famous and have been chosen game in the game room at the arcade. In this paper, pacman game gives you the ability to perform by simple hand movement alone. First, we obtain binary RGB image to extract skin color, and convert into binary image YCbCr by minus the luminance in this image. Next, we extract the hand region by the product of an binary RGB image and binary YCbCr image. Finally, the hand region, we obtain the center of gravity by the minimum bounding rectangle and the center of the hand pixel area, and we used to obtain the center of the hand area with an average of two center of gravity. In other words, we presented the game of motion that can take the place of arrow key by using the center coordinates of hand. In addition, these experiments showed the average movement and error rate, and cause of the error type was also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.186-198
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the composition elements and processes of the rock cycle that pre-service teachers in earth science field understand. Second-year students majoring in earth science were selected as research objects, all of whom attended teacher's university located in the southern region. The methods of arranging the composition elements of the rock cycle in a structured way and displaying the cycle direction through the arrow and describing the cycle processes in detail were applied. Pre-service teachers recognized 5 composition elements: magma, igneous rocks, sediments, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks of the rock cycle and cycle processes was represented into 20 branches. The cycle type was analyzed by four criteria: linear, triangular, circular, complex, some pre-teachers did not complete the loop of the cycle or some showed incomplete understanding of the cycle structure simply displayed in one direction. The rock cycle is an important theme of the earth system education characterized by dynamism and complexity.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2009

Spermatogenesis and ultrastructural characteristics of sperm of brackish water diploid Corbicula japonica were investigated by electron microscope observations. Based on the cytological studies, the spermatozoon of this species (brackish water diploid) C japonica is approximately 55 ${\mu}m$ in length. The sperm head (about 12 ${\mu}m$ long) is elongated and tapers with a slight curve. Sperm nucleus is about 7.90 ${\mu}m$ long, and the acrosome is about 2.70 ${\mu}m$ long: The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species are a long arrow-like type and long cone-like shape, respectively. The sperm head of this species (external fertilization, dioecious and oviparous species) is partially modified from that of the primitive type, as seen in triploid Corbicula species (internal fertilization, hermaphrodite and ovoviparous species), reported by some authors. However, this species produces uniflagellate spermatozoa, unlike freshwater triploid hermaphroditic clams being possessed of partially modified biflagellate spermatozoa. Diploid C japonica is similar to those of other bivalves being possessed of a short midpiece containing four mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure, and from uniflagellate sperm cross sectioned, in particular, wing-like axonernal lateral fins are observed, as seen in external fertilization fishes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.225-242
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• 1997

This study is historical research on the relationship between the Changes of the Form of costume and the recognition of the beauty of the body from prehistorical period to Ch'ing Dynasty in Chinese female costume. In figure painting a significant point was to describe the spirit of the figure so Chinese painters were less interested in ideal body pro-portion or body shape than Westerns. But idealized beauty of the female body existed and changed keeping abreast with the form of costume in each period. In the prehistorical period Wemen fasten waist belt so enabled to distinguish upper part of the body from lower one. "Locust-forehead moth-eyebrows(蝗首蛾毛)" recorded in "the Book of odes(詩經)" was the canon of beaty and Wemen tried to make their forehead broad and square from Zhou Dynasty to the Wei Jin periods. From the age of Civil War to han Dynasty Slender waist was loved so waist was tightly fastened and hemline became broader. in the course of that time Plump body in big cloth with broad sleeve emerged but that was less significant than Tang Dynasty. During Wei Jin and the Southern/Northern Dynasty undergo disruption and division they admired Taoist images. Loose fitting style with handkerchief hemline and broad sash belt was prevailed while miserable life was reflected gaunt face and lean body. Suk Dynasty also preferred a slim and long body silhouette. The style was presented extremely high waist line long and narrow sleeve slim and long skirt which expressed dynamic and straight image. The culture of Tang Dynasty was open and diverse and that character enabled blod decolletate revealing body line by tight fitting and special make-up-Social background of uion and stabilization made female body extremely plump full face. full breast and hips with most erotic image. The period of Kaiyuan Tianbao fashioned mannish disguise presented androgynous image. Five Dynasty and Song Dynasty restored standard body type so upper garments concealed neck and bust high waist line lowered which represented refined and simple outfit. But another eroticism emerged as foot-binding in Song Dynasty. For the sake of covering up deformed top of the feet and ankle gaiters and arrow shaped shoes were devised. During Ming Ch'ing Dynasties body shape became more slim weak and young causing to escort instinct that reflects 'Lust' or 'Mundanity'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current right-turn operation at signalized intersections and suggest appropriate right-turn operation strategy. From field investigation, right-turn signals have not only operated various type and shape, lacking of consistency, but also there was no clear regulations or standards. It could increase drivers' confusion and cause vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents. In order to improve pedestrian safety, there is urgent need to study the regulations and standards regarding to right-turn traffic control. This study suggests appropriate right-turn signal operation strategy. In case of permissive right-turn operation, it should be stated on regulations that red light means right-turn vehicles must stop temporarily at the stop line and then turn right. Necessary conditions for installing right-turn signal for protected operation are that there should have one or more exclusive right-turn lanes and right-turn signal face should contain the lenses with three-color arrow indication. In addition, we assort right-turn operation types as permissive, protected and protected/permissive right-turn and suggest specific signal operation strategy by the types.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.387-397
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• 2022

The germination characteristics of the resting cysts of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii collected from the southern coastal sediments of Korea were studied at different temperature conditions, and the morphology and phylogeny of the germlings were examined. The resting cysts of Ph. hartmannii were round and characterized by a red accumulation body and many arrow-like spines and could germinate at temperature of 10 to 30℃. High germination rates (>90%) were observed at 15 and 20℃, indicating that the resting cysts could act as seed populations for the bloom initiation of Ph. hartmannii in Korean coastal waters in early summer or early fall. The morphology of the germlings was generally consistent with the previous description, and an apical groove characterized by a fully enclosed loop was observed. Phylogenetic analysis based on large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences revealed that the germlings shared an identical sequence with the Korean and American isolates of Ph. hartmannii and was a sister clade of Polykrikos species.