• Title/Summary/Keyword: Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)

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Optimization for Arrayed Waveguide Grating having MMI Coupler for Flattened Transfer Function

  • Jung, Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 2006
  • This paper describes an efficient optimal design method for an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) having MMI coupler with flattened transfer function. The objective function is the norm of the difference between calculated and target spectra. To analyze the AWG transfer function, the Fresnel-Kirchhof diffraction formula was employed and the design variable was optical path difference of each array waveguide. The (1+1) Evolution Strategy was applied to an eight-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) AWG as the optimization tool. For obtaining a broadened spectrum, we use a MMI coupler and the variation in optical path difference at each array waveguide changes the shape of the transfer function to obtain the optimal spectrum shape.

Alternative Method of AWG Phase Measurement Based on Fitting Interference Intensity

  • Oh, Yong Ho;Lim, Sungwoo;Go, Chun Soo
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.91-94
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    • 2012
  • Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) phase errors are normally assessed from the Fourier transform of the interference intensity data in the frequency domain method. However it is possible to identify the phases directly from the intensity data if one adopts a trial-and-error method. Since the functional form of the intensity profile is known, the intensities can be calculated theoretically by assuming arbitrary phase errors. Then we decide the phases that give the best fit to the experimental data. We verified this method by a simulation. We calculated the intensities for an artificial AWG which is given arbitrary phases and amplitudes. Then we extracted the phases and amplitudes from the intensity data by using our trial-and-error method. The extracted values are in good agreement with the originally given values. This approach yields better results than the analysis using Fourier transforms.

Design and fabrication of temperature-independent AWG-WDM devices using polymer overcladding (폴리머 상부클래드를 이용한 온도무의존 AWG 파장분할 다중화 소자의 설계 및 제작)

  • Han, Young-Tak;Kim, Duk-Jun;Shin, Jang-Uk;Park, Sang-Ho;Park, Yoon-Jung;Sung, Hee-Kyeng
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2003
  • In arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) devices whose waveguides were composed of polymer with negative thermo-optic coefficient as overcladding, and silica with positive thermo-optic coefficient as both core and undercladding, we investigated the temperature dependence of the central wavelength using two-dimensional SFDM. From these results, it was confirmed that the temperature dependence can be nearly eliminated by adjusting the refractive index of the cladding and the thickness of the silica thin film upper-loaded on the core. Based on the numerical calculations, the AWG device with polymer overcladding was fabricated. and its optical characteristics were compared with those of the orginal silica AWG device. The introduction of polymer overcladding decreased the temperature dependence of the central wavelength from 0.0130 nm/$^{\circ}C$ to 0.0028 nm/$^{\circ}C$ without deteriorating the insertion loss and crosstalk characteristics.

An Efficient Design Technique for the Flattened Transfer Function of Arrayed Waveguide Grating

  • Jung Jae-Hoon;Moon Hyung-Myung;Kwak Seung-Chan
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.33-36
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    • 2006
  • This paper describes an efficient optimal design method for an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with flattened transfer function. The objective function is the norm of the difference between calculated and target spectra. To analyze the AWG transfer function, the Fresnel-Kirchhof diffraction formula was employed and the design variable was optical path difference of each array waveguide. The (1+1) Evolution Strategy was applied to an eight-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) AWG as the optimization tool. The optimized transfer function will considerably improve the system performance.

Polymeric Arrayed Waveguide Grating Based on Nanoimprint Technique Using a PDMS Stamp (나노임프린트 방법을 이용한 폴리머 광도파로 열 격자)

  • Lim, Jung-Gyu;Lee, Sang-Shin;Lee, Ki-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.317-322
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    • 2006
  • A polymeric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) has been proposed and demonstrated by exploiting the nanoimprint method. A PDMS(polydimethylsiloxane) stamp with device patterns engraved was developed out of a master mold made of quartz glass. The device was fabricated by transferring the pattern in the PDMS stamp to a spin-coated polymer film without using any etching process. The device had 8 output channels, while the center wavelengths of each output channel were positioned from 1543.7 nm to 1548.3 nm with the spacing of 0.8 nm. The achieved average channel crosstalk and the 3-dB bandwidth were about 10 dB and 0.8 nm respectively.

Wavelength Interrogation Technique for Bragg Reflecting Strain Sensors Based on Arrayed Waveguide Grating (도파로 어레이 격자를 이용한 광섬유 브래그 스트레인 센서의 반사파장 신호 복원 기술)

  • Seo, Jun-Kyu;Kim, Kyung-Jo;Oh, Min-Cheol;Lee, Sang-Min;Kim, Young-Jae;Kim, Myung-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.68-72
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    • 2008
  • Fiber-optic strain sensors based on Bragg reflection gratings produce the change of reflection spectrum when an external stress is applied on the sensor. To measure the Bragg reflection wavelength in high speed, an arrayed waveguide grating device is incorporated in this work. By monitoring the output power from each channel of the AWG, the peak wavelength corresponding to the applied strain could be obtained. To enhance the accuracy of the AWG wavelength interrogation system, a chirped fiber Bragg grating with a 3-dB bandwith of 5.4 nm is utilized. The high-speed response of the proposed system is demonstrated by measuring a fast varying strain produced by the damped oscillation of a cantilever. An oscillation frequency of 17.8 Hz and a damping time constant of 0.96 second are obtained in this measurement.

New Encoder/Decoder with Wavelength/Time 2-D Codes for Optical CDMA Network (광 부호 분할 다중접속 네트워크를 위한 파장/시간 2차원 코드의 새로운 부호기/복호기)

  • Hwang, Hu-Mor
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.58 no.5
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    • pp.1035-1040
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    • 2009
  • We propose a new encoder/decoders based on an tune able wavelength converter(TWC) and an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) router for large capacity optical CDMA networks. The proposed encoder/decoder treats codewords of wavelength/time 2-D code simultaneously using the dynamic code allocation property of the TWC and the cyclic property of the AWG router, and multiple subscribers can share the encoder/decoder in networks. Feasibility of the structure of the proposed encoder/decoder for dynamic code allocation is tested through simulations using two wavelength/time 2-D codes, which are the generalized multi-wavelength prime code(GMWPC) and the generalized multi-wavelength Reed-Solomon code(GMWRSC). Test results show that the proposed encoder/decoder can increase the channel efficiency not only by increasing the number of simultaneous users without any multiple-access interference but by using a relatively short length CDMA codes.

40channel Arrayed Waveguide Grating with O.75delta% Refractive Index (0.75Δ% 굴절율차를 가진 40채널 광파장 다중화 및 역다중화 소자 제작 및 특성)

  • Moon, H.M.;Choi, G.S.;Lee, K.H.;Kim, D.H.;Lee, J.H.;Lee, D.H.;Oh, J.K;Kwak, S.C.;Kwon, O.K.;Kang, D.S.;Choi, J.S.;Jong, G;Lee, H.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.196-200
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    • 2005
  • A 40 channel arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) filter operating in C-band and L-band wavelength regions has been fabricated using PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) processes with 0.75 refractive index difference. Its design was optimized for matching the center wavelength with the ITU-recommended wavelength. The characteristics of the fabricated C-band AWG are as follows; average insertion loss < 2.5 dB, polarization-dependent loss < 0.3 dB, non-adjacent crosstalk >35dB, and the loss uniformity of 0.8 dB. In the L-band AWG, wavelength accuracy is below 0.02nm.

Optimal Design of Arrayed Waveguide Grating

  • Jung, Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.99-103
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    • 2004
  • This paper describes the optimal design of an AWG spectrum to meet various specifications and improve some physical parameters. The objective function is the norm of the difference between design parameters and target values. To obtain the design parameters, the Fourier model is employed and the design variables arc spacing of array waveguide, width of array waveguide, optical path difference, and focal length. The (1+1) Evolution Strategy is employed as the optimization tool. The optimization procedure is applied to a 16-channel AWG and the optimized design variables will considerably improve the system performance.

Optical Performance Monitoring for WDM Optical Transmission Systems using Arrayed Waveguide Grating (배열 도파로 격자를 이용한 WDM광 전송시스템의 성능감시)

  • Youn, Ji-Wook;Lee, Sung-Un;Kim, Kwang-Joon;Lee, Jong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2001
  • We propose an optical performance monitoring method for WDM optical transmission systems. By assigning a pair of AWG ports to each optical signal channel. the optical power, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNIO, and wavelength of all the signal channels are observed simultaneously. The output power ratio of the AWG port pair depended on the wavelength variation of the channel with sensitivity of 1dB/0.026nm. The OSNH results were deviated no more than 0.7dB from the results measured by optical signal analyzer (OSA).

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