• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2010

It is very important to know mean and confidence interval of water-quality constituents such as BOD for water-quality control and management of rivers and reservoirs effectively. The mean and confidence interval of BOD at Anseong2 and Hwangguji3 sampling stations which are located at the border of local governments in Anseong Stream were estimated and analyzed in this paper using Bootstrap technique which is one of non-parametric statistics. The results of Bootstrap were compared with arithmetic mean, geometric mean, Biweight method mean as a point estimator and distribution mean came from the appropriate probability distribution of Log-normal. In Bootstrap technique 12 data set was randomly selected in each year and 1000 samples was produced to get parameter of population. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) of Microsoft Excel was utilized in Bootstrap. It was revealed that the Bootstrap technique can be used to explain more rigorously and robustly the achievement or violation of BOD target concentration in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 1989년도 수공학논총 제31권
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• pp.5-16
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 중앙기상대 산하 60개 지점의 84년간(1985-1988) 자료에 의한 전국년평균 강수량을 추정하였다. 미계측 부분에 대하여는 Principal Component를 사용한 회귀식으로써 보와하였으며, 산술평균값, Thiessen 계수에 의한 평균값, 그리고 등우선법에 의한 평균값을 또한 비교하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.587-588
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• 2008

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2004년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.181-184
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• 2004

This study proposes two utilization ways of Saaty's compatibility metric to an entire hierarchy: (a) composite mode of all priorities and compatibility indices pertaining to a hierarchy, (b) arithmetic mean of compatibility indices along the hierarchy levels using a reduced elementwise operation of two eigenvectors.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

원전에서 발생된 중$.$저준위 방사성 폐기물의 경우 처분장으로 이송되기 이전에 드럼에 대한 세부적인 정보 특히 핵종 재고량에 대한 평가가 수행되어야 한다. 그러나 드럼처리된 방사성폐기물의 경우 평가 대상 핵종 농도에 대한 예측이 어려운 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 이를 극복하고자 직접측정이 어려운 경우 척도인자 방법을 활용하고 있다. 국내의 경우 1996년부터 고리원전에서 척도인자 개념이 적용된 핵종분석장치를 운영해오고 있다. 그러나 고리원전에 적용된 척도인자의 경우 많은 개선의 여지가 남겨져 있다. 따라서 현재 척도인자의 향상을 위한 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 연구의 범위에 대한 개략적인 소개와 핵종 재고량 평가 방법 중 보다 신뢰할 수 있는 평가 방법을 찾고자 통계적인 척도인자 평가 방법을 비교 평가했으며 이를 통해 고리원전에 사용된 산술평균 방법을 기하평균 방법으로 바꾸는 것이 예측의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 드럼내 핵종 재고량의 과대평가를 막고 합리적인 보수성을 유지할 수 있음을 알수 있었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1577-1580
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• 2004

This paper proposes a design and implementation of transversal adaptive digital filter using LMS (Least Mean Squares) adaptive algorithm. The filter structure is based on Distributed Arithmetic (DA) which is able to calculate the inner product by shifting and accumulating of partial products and storing in look-up table, also the desired adaptive digital filter will be multiplierless filter. In addition, the hardware implementation uses VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) and synthesis using FLEX10K Altera FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) as target technology and uses Leonardo Spectrum and MAX+plusII program for overall development. The results of this design are shown that the speed performance and used area of FPGA. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the desired adaptive digital filter.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2002

A stochastic process {$A_n$, n = 1, 2, ...} is an arithmetic process (AP) if there exists some real number, d, so that {$A_n$ + (n-1)d, n =1, 2, ...} is a renewal process (RP). AP is a stochastically monotonic process and can be used for modeling a point process, i.e. point events occurring in a haphazard way in time (or space), especially with a trend. For example, the vents may be failures arising from a deteriorating machine; and such a series of failures id distributed haphazardly along a time continuum. In this paper, we discuss estimation procedures for an AP, similar to those for a geometric process (GP) proposed by Lam (1992). Two statistics are suggested for testing whether a given process is an AP. If this is so, we can estimate the parameters d, ${\mu}_{A1}$ and ${\sigma}^{2}_{A1}$ of the AP based on the techniques of simple linear regression, where ${\mu}_{A1}$ and ${\sigma}^2_{A1}$ are the mean and variance of the first random variable $A_1$ respectively. In this paper, the procedures are, for the most part, discussed in reliability terminology. Of course, the methods are valid in any area of application, in which case they should be interpreted accordingly.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2008

The measurement of performance of a process considering both the location and the dispersion of information about the process is referred to as the process capacity indices (PCIs) of interest, $C_{pk}$. This information is presented by the mean and standard deviation of the producing process. Linguistic variables are used to express the evaluation of the quality of a product. Consequently, $C_{pk}$ is defined with fuzzy numbers. Lee [Eur. J. Oper. Res. 129(2001) 683-688] constructed the definition of the $C_{pk}$ index estimation presented by fuzzy numbers and approximated its membership function using the "min" - norm based Zadeh's extension principle of fuzzy sets. However, Lee's result was shown to be invalid by Hong [Eur. J. Oper. Res. 158(2004) 529-532]. It is well known that $T_w$ (the weakest t-norm)-based addition and multiplication preserve the shape of L-R fuzzy numbers. In this paper, we allow that the fuzzy numbers are of L-R type. The object of the present study is to propose a new method to calculate the $C_{pk}$ index under $T_w-based$ fuzzy arithmetic operations.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2009

Based on Ricatti equation $XA^{-1}X=B$ for two (positive invertible) operators A and B which has the geometric mean $A{\sharp}B$ as its solution, we consider a cubic equation $X(A{\sharp}B)^{-1}X(A{\sharp}B)^{-1}X=C$ for A, B and C. The solution X = $(A{\sharp}B){\sharp}_{\frac{1}{3}}C$ is a candidate of the geometric mean of the three operators. However, this solution is not invariant under permutation unlike the geometric mean of two operators. To supply the lack of the property, we adopt a limiting process due to Ando-Li-Mathias. We define reasonable geometric means of k operators for all integers $k{\geq}2$ by induction. For three positive operators, in particular, we define the weighted geometric mean as an extension of that of two operators.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of exposure to asbestos for ship repair workers in Korea by a systematic review. The number of articles studying asbestos exposure levels from ship repair workplaces was found to be 4. All asbestos concentration reported as either geometric mean and geometric standard deviation or ranges were transformed to arithmetic mean to estimate exposure level. In addition, weighted arithmetic means(WAMs) were calculated by weighing of the different number of samples. The WAM concentrations were 2.746 f/cc during asbestos dismantling work, 0.034 f/cc before asbestos dismantling work and 0.065 f/cc after working respectively. The maximum airborne concentration of asbestos during asbestos removal work was 7.02 f/cc which was 70 times higher than the occupational exposure limit of Korea, 0.1 f/cc. This study recommends that retrospective exposure to asbestos based on various ship types and operations should be assessed.