• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2007

Many authors considered the computational aspect of sup-min convolution when applied to weighted average operations. They used a computational algorithm based on a-cut representation of fuzzy sets, nonlinear programming implementation of the extension principle, and interval analysis. It is well known that $T_W$(the weakest t-norm)-based addition and multiplication preserve the shape of L-R type fuzzy numbers. In this paper, we consider the computational aspect of the extension principle by the use of $T_W$ when the principle is applied to fuzzy weighted average operations. We give the exact solution for the case where variables and coefficients are L-L fuzzy numbers without programming or the aid of computer resources.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 산술평균법, Thiessen의 가중평균법 및 추정이론에 근거한 최적가중치를 이용하는 방법으로 면적평균강우량을 계산하고 각각의 경우에 대해 오차를 평가해 보았다. 본 연구에서는 남한강 유역의 영월 상류지역을 대상으로 하여 수행하였으며 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 유역 내 강우계가 균등하게 분포되어 있는 경우 산술평균법이나 Thiessen의 가중평균법을 이용한 결과에는 큰 차이가 없다. 그러나 이들 두 방법은 강우의 공간적 변동성을 고려하지 못하는 이유로 특히 강우의 변동성이 큰 경우 면적평균강우의 추정에 큰 오차를 내포할 수 있다. 이러한 추정오차는 강우의 공간적 변동성을 고려하는 추정이론에 근거한 방법에 비해 매우 큰 값을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 따라서, 우리나라의 여름철 강우처럼 그 공간적 변동성이 큰 경우에 기존의 산술평균법이나 Thiessen의 가중평균법은 상당히 큰 추정오차를 내포할 수 있음을 파악할 수 있으며 따라서 이를 고려할 수 있는 방법, 예를 들어 현재 대유역에 적용되고 있는 등우선법이나 본 연구에서 사용된 추정이론에 근거한 방법이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2001

We improve the greedy algorithm which is one of the general convergence criterion for certain iterative sequence in a given space by building a constructive greedy algorithm on a normed linear space using an arithmetic average of elements. We also show the degree of approximation order is still $Ο(1\sqrt{\n}$) by a bounded linear functional defined on a bounded subset of a normed linear space which offers a good approximation method for neural networks.

• 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복식학회 2003년도 International Costume Conference
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out apparel fit satisfaction according to item (jacket, pants, skirt) by body perception and body satisfaction. This research was done by a survey method. Statistical analysis such as frequency, a percentage, arithmetic average, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation, Crosstabs(Chi-square) were used for data analysis.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.596-607
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• 2020

Scaling is an important operation because of the iterative nature of arithmetic processes in digital signal processors (DSPs). In residue number system (RNS)-based DSPs, scaling represents a performance bottleneck based on the complexity of intermodulo operations. To design an efficient RNS scaler for special moduli sets, a body of literature has been dedicated to the study of the well-known moduli sets {2ⁿ - 1, 2ⁿ, 2ⁿ + 1} and {2ⁿ, 2ⁿ - 1, 2ⁿ⁺¹ - 1}, and their extension in vertical or horizontal forms. In this study, we propose an efficient programmable RNS scaler for the arithmetic-friendly moduli set {2^n+p, 2ⁿ - 1, 2ⁿ⁺¹ - 1}. The proposed algorithm yields high speed and energy-efficient realization of an RNS programmable scaler based on the effective exploitation of the mixed-radix representation, parallelism, and a hardware sharing technique. Experimental results obtained for a 130 nm CMOS ASIC technology demonstrate the superiority of the proposed programmable scaler compared to the only available and highly effective hybrid programmable scaler for an identical moduli set. The proposed scaler provides 43.28% less power consumption, 33.27% faster execution, and 28.55% more area saving on average compared to the hybrid programmable scaler.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 구조물의 지진응답해석에 사용할 인공 가속도시간이력을 작성하는 방법을 제시한다. 유전자 알고리즘을 적용하기 위해서 유전원질에 해당되는 결정변수로서 응답스펙트럼 값을 계산할 진동수를 결정하고, 산술평균 교차연산자와 산술비 돌연변이연산자를 제안한다. 이들 연산자와 전형적인 단순 교차연산자를 사용하여 설계응답스펙트럼에 부합하는 인공 지진파 작성에 사용한다. 또한 작성된 인공 가속도시간이력은 실제 계측되는 지진파의 몇 가지의 외형적 특성을 가져야 하므로 이를 고려한 인공 가속도시간이력이 작성되도록 한다. 이 외형적 특성으로는 가속도시간이력의 포락형태, 지진파의 2수평성분간의 상관관계, 지반의 최대가속도 - 최대속도 - 최대변위 관계 등이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

Genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from two populations of natural and cultured river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complexity of the fragments derived from the two locations varied dramatically. The genetic distances (GDs) between individuals numbered 15 and 12 in the cultured population was 0.053, which was the lowest acknowledged. The oligonucleotide primer OPC-11 identified 88 unique loci shared within each population reflecting the natural population. The OPC-05 primer identified 44 loci shared by the two populations. The average band-sharing (BS) values of individuals in the natural population (0.683±0.014) were lower than in those derived from the cultured population (0.759±0.009) (p<0.05). The shortest GD demonstrating a significant molecular difference was found between the cultured individuals # 15 and # 12 (GD=0.053). Individual # 02 of the natural population was most distantly related to cultured individual # 22 (GD=0.827). A cluster tree was built using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) Euclidean GD analysis based on a total of 578 various fragments derived from five primers in the two populations. Obvious markers identified in this study represent the genetic structure, species security, and proliferation of river pufferfish in the rivers of the Korean peninsula.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

Undoubtedly, the basic sinking fund formula gives the future value of a series of equal installments. The main underlying assumption for using this formula is that installment and compounding frequency must be in equal interval. But when installment for a deposit scheme or any other savings scheme and compounding frequency do not occur in an equal interval, which is treated as the complex annuity problems in Finance Literature, the basic sinking fund formula does not give the accurate result. As a result, the obtainable amount from different deposit schemes offered by different banks and financial institutions does not match with the amount of future value calculated through the basic sinking fund formula by the investors or savers. This study focuses the concealed facts for such type of mismatches in values and at the same time it provides a solution through developing a new formula by extending the basic formula intended not only to remove those mismatches but also get the accurate future value from a sinking fund provision in case of complex annuity. Besides, since banks and financial institutions calculate the interest on the average amount of equal installments deposited within a period of time due to complex annuity, the study also formulates an arithmetic formula for calculating the average amount of installment.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2015

This paper presents an energy-efficient (low power) prime-field hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC) processor with uniform power draw. The HECC processor performs divisor scalar multiplication on the Jacobian of genus 2 hyperelliptic curves defined over prime fields for arbitrary field and curve parameters. It supports the most frequent case of divisor doubling and addition. The optimized implementation, which is synthesized in a $0.13{\mu}m$ standard CMOS technology, performs an 81-bit divisor multiplication in 503 ms consuming only $6.55{\mu}J$ of energy (average power consumption is $12.76{\mu}W$). In addition, we present a technique to make the power consumption of the HECC processor more uniform and lower the peaks of its power consumption.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.581-586
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the existing single rating index in terms of level reduction limit of heavy-weight floor impact sound. To achieve this goal, sounds which have same loudness according to rating methods were suggested to subjects. And followings are results. 1) The rating method of measurement frequency level average is more suitable than that of other methods which are dependent on specific frequency for rating heavy-weight floor impact sound. 2) Level average for measurement frequency of 31.5Hz - 500Hz is more correspondent to psycho-acoustic response than that of measurement frequency of 63Hz - 500Hz which is for KS F 2863-2, existing rating method.