• 대기
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.4-23
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• 2004

To monitor the world's oceans and understand the role of the oceans for climate change, an Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) program has been carried out since year 2000. Autonomous profiling floats of about 820 are reporting the vertical temperature, salinity, and pressure profiles of the upper 2000 m underwater at regular time intervals. Meteorological Research Institute (METRI) of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) launched 45 floats at the East Sea and the western Pacific to understand characteristics of water properties and develop the global ocean observation system as a part of international cooperation project. In this study, we introduce ARGO program, METRI-ARGO and the features of APEX float itself and their data formats. We also describe the significant points to be considered for using ARGO data.

• 대기
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2023

In order to improve the predictability of marine high-impacts weather such as typhoon and high waves, the marine observation network is an essential because it could be rapidly changed by strong air-sea interaction. In this regard, the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS/KMA) has promoted the Argo float observation program since 2001 to participate in the International Argo program. In this study, current status and future direction of the NIMS/KMA Argo program are presented through the internal meeting and external expert forum. To date, a total of 264 Argo floats have been deployed into the offshore around the Korean Peninsula and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The real-time and delayed modes quality control (QC) system of Argo data was developed, and an official regional data assembling center (call-sign 'KM') was run. In 2002, the Argo homepage was established for the systematic management and dissemination of Argo data for domestic and international users. The future goal of the NIMS/KMA Argo program is to improve response to the marine high-impacts weather through a marine environment monitoring and observing system. The promotion strategy for this is divided into four areas: strengthening policy communication, developing observation strategies, promoting utilization research, and activating international cooperation.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2004

자동 수직물성관측 뜰개는 매우 유용한 해양관측장비이지만 이에 부착된 CTD의 사후 보정이 불가능하기 때문에 뜰개자료의 정확도 검증이 사후자료관리나 자료활용에 있어 중요한 문제 중 하나이다. 동해 중심층의 염분변화가 국제 Argo프로그램에서 요구하는 정확도 0.01과 유사하기 때문에 동해를 항염분수조로 취급하여 동해에 투하된 뜰개가 관측한 염분자료의 신뢰성을 세 가지 방법을 통하여 검증하였다. 각각의 방법은 1)부근 해역에서 얻은 정확도가 높은 정선 CTD자료와 뜰개자료의 비교, 2)비슷한 시각에 비슷한 해역에서 얻은 뜰개자료의 비교, 3)체류 수심에서 얻은 염분자료의 장기간에 걸친 안정도 및 정확도 검증이다. 세 방법 모두 뜰개에서 얻은 염분자료가 아무런 보정없이도 Argo프로그램이 요구하는 정확도를 만족함을 보여주었다. 동해의 심층 수온이 일정하다는 가정하에 위의 세 가지 방법을 적용하여 얻은 수온값의 정확도 0.01$^{\circ}C$는 Argo프로그램에서 요구하는 정확도의 2배 정도이다. 하지만 동해의 중층 수온은 Argo프로그램이 요구하는 정확도 이상으로 시공간적으로 변화하기 때문에, 위의 결과는 수온 자료가 부정확하다는 것을 의미하지는 않는다. 동해 중층수온의 시공간적 변화를 고려한다면 수온자료의 정확도도 Argo프로그램이 요구하는 것과 큰 차이가 없다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서 검증된 뜰개가 관측한 수온 염분자료 모두 특별한 보정 없이 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1353-1361
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• 2008

Quality control of Argo(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography) data is crucial by reason that salinity measurements are liable to experience some drift and offset due to biofouling, contamination of sensor and wash-out of biocide. The automated Argo real-time quality control has a limit of sorting data quality, so that WJO program is adopted as standardized method of Argo delayed mode quality control (DMQc) in the world that is a precise quality control method. We conducted DMQC on pressure, temperature and salinity measured by Argo floats in the Pacific Ocean including expert evaluation. Particularly, salinity data were corrected using WJO program. 4 salinity profiles of Argo delayed mode were compared with nearby in situ CTD data and other Argo data in deep layer where oceanographic conditions are stable in time and space. The differences of both salinities were lower than target accuracy of Argo. As compared with the difference of salinities before DMQC, those after DMQC decreased by 60-80 percent. Quality of delayed mode salinity data seemed to be improved correcting salinity data suggested by WJO program.

• 대기
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2006

Meteorological Research Institute (METRI) participates the R&E (Research and Education) program of Korea Science and Engineering Foundation,"Variability of ocean status around Ulleung basin and Dok-do by using ARGO data" as a part of "Carricula development for gifted students" program. From this program, we support students to have an opportunity for handling scientific data with advanced technology and inspire their scientific interests. In this article, we introduce the training processes of this program and the results of data analysis by the students themselves.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2005

Continued observation of ARGO floats for years(about 4 years) makes the conductivity sensor more vulnerable to fouling by marine life and associated drift in salinity measurements. In this paper, we address this issue by making use of floats deployed in different years. Floats deployed in the East Sea and the Indian Ocean are examined to find out float-to-float match-ups in such a way that an older float pops up simultaneously with a newer deployment (with tolerable space-time difference). A time difference of less than five days and space difference of less than 100km are considered for the match-up data sets. For analysis of the salinity drift under the stable water mass, observations of the floats from deepest water masses have been used. From the cross-check of ARGO floats in the East Sea and the Indian Ocean, it is found that there is a systematic drift in the older float compared to later deployments. All drift results, consistently show negative bias indicating the typical nature of drift from fouled sensors. However, the drift is much less than 0.01, the specified accuracy of ARGO program.

• 대기
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2005

Currently several important observation programs are planned or being performed both domestically and internationally. In this paper, a brief introduction is provided on international programs such as THORPEX, ARGO and GEOSS as well as a domestic program KEOP. In addition, discussions on various issues related to observations and future visions are provided.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2008

Competitive power of pelagic fishery in Korea has been weakened by the domestic and international problems such as wage increase and exclusive economic zone. To make it worse, fishing fleet spends more than 80% of fishing time on searching fishing grounds. Real-time information on oceanographic data, temperature in particular, are likely to contribute to raise efficiency of fishing. However, available data obtained by satellite remote sensing, fixed buoy and drifting buoy, limited to sea surface or fixed positions. ARGO (Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography), an international program, has delivered vertical profiles of temperature and salinity in the upper 2000m of the world ocean every 10 days using freely moving floats. We have developed real-time oceanographic information system for pelagic fishery based on the Argo data which has the contents of vertical profile, horizontal distribution and vertical section of temperature around fishing grounds and searched data can be download unrestrictedly. Comparison of skipjack catch with sea surface temperature and depth of $20^{\circ}C$ derived from Argo data in the West Equatorial Pacific revealed that Argo data are able to help fishing fleet to find fishing grounds and to increase catch.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2012

KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) has developed an SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) system since 2008. The name of the development program is ARGO (Accurate Ranging system for Geodetic Observation). ARGO has a wide range of applications in the satellite precise orbit determination and space geodesy research using SLR with mm-level accuracy. ARGO-M (Mobile, bistatic 10 cm transmitting/40 cm receiving telescopes) and ARGO-F (Fixed stationary, about 1 m transmitting/receiving integrated telescope) SLR systems development will be completed by 2014. In 2011, ARGO-M system integration was completed. At present ARGO-M is in the course of system calibration, functionality, and performance tests. It consists of six subsystems, OPS (Optics System), TMS (Tracking Mount System), OES (Opto-Electronic System), CDS (Container-Dome System), LAS (Laser System) and AOS (ARGO Operation System). In this paper, ARGO-M system structure and integration status are introduced and described.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2004

2000년부터 시작된 ARGO(아르고)국제 프로젝트는 수온ㆍ염분ㆍ유속을 관측하기 위해서 2006년까지 전 지구 해양에 3000대의 아르고 플로트를 투입하고, 중상층 해양을 실시간으로 감시하고자 하는 프로젝트이다. 2003년 12월 현재 18개국에서 투입한 1,023개의 플로트가 운용 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 플로트가 작동을 멈추고 나서 표류하게 되는 경우에 대해서 일본해양과학기술센터의 해양대순환모델 유속장을 사용하여 분포예측 시뮬레이션을 수행했다. 먼저, 시뮬레이션의 타당성을 조사하기 위하여 모델에서 얻어진 해면 유속 데이터를 사용하여 입자 표류 시뮬레이션을 수행해 WOCE의 해면 표류 부이의 데이터베이스와 비교한 결과를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 모델은 전체적으로 해면 부이의 움직임을 잘 나타내며, 북태평양 전체에서 연안 표착율도 재현하고 있는 점으로부터 사용한 모델은 플로트의 전개 및 추적에 유용한 방법이라는 것을 알았다. 이에 따라, 플로트 투입 후 4년간은 해면과 심도 2000 m와의 사이를 10일간 주기로 반복하고, 그 이후에는 플로트의 수명이 해면에서 종료한다는 가정 하에 북태평양에 있어서 653개(위경도 3도 간격으로 1개)의 입자에 대해 100년간 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 약 29%의 플로트가 해안에 표착할 것이라는 결과가 얻어졌다.