• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.815-822
• /
• 1995

The toxicokinetics of rifapentine was studied after an oral administration to beagle dogs. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using column-switching technique was performed to determine the serum concentrations of rifapentine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of rifapentine were analysed using one-compartment open model. Following a single oral administration of 10mg/kg, pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows: maximum serum concentration($C_{max}$), $28.90{\mu}g/ml$; maximum concentration time($T_{max}$), 3.7hr; elimination half-life($t_{1/2}$, 4.7hr; area under the curve(AUC), $339.0{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$; volume of disiribution/bioavailability (Vd/F), 0.21 l/kg; lag time, 24min; absorption rate constant($k_a$), $0.445hr^{-1}$; elimination rate constant($k_{el}$), $0.148hr^{-1}$. After 6 month multiple oral doses of 10mg/kg/day, parameters were as follows: $C_{max}$, $34.40{\mu}g/ml$; $T_{max}$, 2.6hr; $t_{1/2}$, 6.7hr; AUC, $391.3{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$; Vd/F, 0.291/kg; $k_a$, $0.976hr^{-1}$; $k_{el}$, $0.104hr^{-1}$. The consistant kinetic parameters after a single and multiple oral administration show that there was no accumulation of rifapentine after 6 month oral administration. We also simulated the concentration of rifapentine after oral multiple administration of 10 and 50mg/kg/ day, based on the parameters obtained form the single administration. The measured serum concentrations of rifapentine were well fitted to the simulated results. The simulated results show that rifapentine readily reaches to steady-state after about 3 doses and the steady-state serum concentrations($C_{ss}$) are fluctuated in between $2.2{\sim}25.2{\mu}g/ml$, and $10.6{\sim}125.2{\mu}g/ml$ at the doses of 10 and 50mg/kg/day, respectively.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2021

Purpose: To find diagnostic image features, to compare diagnostic performance of multiphase CT versus gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced MRI (GAD-MRI), and to evaluate the impact of analyzing Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) imaging features, for distinguishing combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Ninety-six patients with pathologically proven CHC (n = 48) or HCC (n = 48), diagnosed June 2008 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in random order by three radiologists with different experience levels. In the first analysis, the readers independently determined the probability of CHC based on their own knowledge and experiences. In the second analysis, they evaluated imaging features defined in LI-RADS 2018. Area under the curve (AUC) values for CHC diagnosis were compared between CT and MRI, and between the first and second analyses. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's weighted κ values. Results: Targetoid LR-M image features showed better specificities and positive predictive values (PPV) than the others. Among them, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement had the highest specificity and PPV. Average sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were higher for MRI than for CT in both the first (P = 0.008, 0.005, 0.002, respectively) and second (P = 0.017, 0.026, 0.036) analyses. Interobserver agreements were higher for MRI in both analyses (κ = 0.307 for CT, κ = 0.332 for MRI in the first analysis; κ = 0.467 for CT, κ = 0.531 for MRI in the second analysis), with greater agreement in the second analysis for both CT (P = 0.001) and MRI (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement on GAD-MRI can be a good indicator suggesting CHC more than HCC. GAD-MRI may provide greater accuracy than CT for distinguishing CHC from HCC. Interobserver agreement can be improved for both CT and MRI by analyzing LI-RADS imaging features.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two nateglinide tablets, $PASTIC^{(R)}$ tablet (ILDONG Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea, reference drug) and $GLUNATE^{(R)}$ tablet (ILHWA. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Thirty-five healthy male volunteers, $23.1{\pm}2.3$ years in age and $69.2{\pm}8.8\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a tablet containing 90 mg of nateglinide was orally administrated, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals over a period of 8 hr and concentrations of nateglinide in plasma were monitored using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUCt (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 8 hr), $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $TC_{max}$ (time to reach $CC_{max}$) were calculated and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $GLUNATE^{(R)}/PASTIC^{(R)}$ were ${\log}1.0782{\sim}{\log}1.1626$ and ${\log}0.9621{\sim}{\log}1.1679$, respectively. Since these values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of ${\log}0.80{\sim}{\log}1.25$, recommended by KFDA, it was concluded that $GLUNATER^{(R)}$ tablet was bioequivalent to $PASTIC^{(R)}$ tablet, in terms of both rate and extent of absorption.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2021

숙취를 해결하기 위해서는 숙취를 직접적으로 유발하는 물질인 아세트알데하이드의 조절이 가장 중요한 인자로 작용한다. 숙잠을 함유하는 복합물인 시험식품(CKDHC)의 섭취로 혈중 아세트알데하이드 농도가 대조식품 대비 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하여 숙취개선 효능을 확인하였다. 특히, 30분부터 각 시간별(mg/L), 혈중 아세트알데하이드 농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC), 최고 혈중 아세트알데하이드 농도(Cmax)의 감소를 통해 30분부터 빠른 숙취개선 효능을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 주원료로 사용된 숙잠은 Ji 등(2016a)에 따르면 18종의 아미노산 및 무기질을 모두 함유하며, 고단백 식용곤충으로 간에 좋은 주요 아미노산인 Alanine, Arginine 등을 많이 함유하여 간의 효소활성에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알수있다. 본 연구결과를 통해 숙잠을 함유하는 시험식품이 숙취해소제로 작용할 수 있으며, 특히 음주 전 섭취시 아세트알데하이드를 빠르게 분해하여 30분부터 숙취 개선에 효과가 있음을 입증하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제23권12호
• /
• pp.1241-1250
• /
• 2022

Objective: To conduct a simulation study to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI)-aided mammography reading can reduce unnecessary recalls while maintaining cancer detection ability in women recalled after mammography screening. Materials and Methods: A retrospective reader study was performed by screening mammographies of 793 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 50 ± 9 years) recalled to obtain supplemental mammographic views regarding screening mammography-detected abnormalities between January 2016 and December 2019 at two screening centers. Initial screening mammography examinations were interpreted by three dedicated breast radiologists sequentially, case by case, with and without AI aid, in a single session. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and recall rate for breast cancer diagnosis were obtained and compared between the two reading modes. Results: Fifty-four mammograms with cancer (35 invasive cancers and 19 ductal carcinomas in situ) and 739 mammograms with benign or negative findings were included. The reader-averaged AUC improved after AI aid, from 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.85) to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.94) (p < 0.001). The reader-averaged specificities before and after AI aid were 41.9% (95% CI, 39.3%-44.5%) and 53.9% (95% CI, 50.9%-56.9%), respectively (p < 0.001). The reader-averaged sensitivity was not statistically different between AI-unaided and AI-aided readings: 89.5% (95% CI, 83.1%-95.9%) vs. 92.6% (95% CI, 86.2%-99.0%) (p = 0.053), although the sensitivities of the least experienced radiologists before and after AI aid were 79.6% (43 of 54 [95% CI, 66.5%-89.4%]) and 90.7% (49 of 54 [95% CI, 79.7%-96.9%]), respectively (p = 0.031). With AI aid, the reader-averaged recall rate decreased by from 60.4% (95% CI, 57.8%-62.9%) to 49.5% (95% CI, 46.5%-52.4%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: AI-aided reading reduced the number of recalls and improved the diagnostic performance in our simulation using women initially recalled for supplemental mammographic views after mammography screening.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2022

Postpartum diseases should be predicted to prevent productivity loss before calving especially in organic dairy farms. This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of postpartum metabolic diseases in an organic dairy farm in Korea, to confirm the association between diseases and prepartum blood biochemical parameters, and to evaluate the accuracy of these parameters with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for identifying vulnerable cows. Data were collected from 58 Holstein cows (16 primiparous and 42 multiparous) having calved for 2 years on an organic farm. During a transition period from 4 weeks prepartum to 4 weeks postpartum, blood biochemistry was performed through blood collection every 2 weeks with a physical examination. Thirty-one (53.4%) cows (9 primiparous and 22 multiparous) were diagnosed with at least one postpartum disease. Each incidence was 27.6% for subclinical ketosis, 22.4% for subclinical hypocalcemia, 12.1% for retained placenta, 10.3% for displaced abomasum and 5.2% for clinical ketosis. Between at least one disease and no disease, there were significant differences in the prepartum levels of parameters like body condition score (BCS), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), total bilirubin (T-bil), direct bilirubin (D-bil) and NEFA to total cholesterol (T-chol) ratio (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis of each of these prepartum parameters had the area under the curve (AUC) <0.7. However, the ROC analysis with logistic regression including all these parameters revealed a higher AUC (0.769), sensitivity (71.0%), and specificity (77.8%). The ROC analysis with logistic regression including the prepartum BCS, NEFA, T-bil, D-bil, and NEFA to T-chol ratio can be used to identify cows that are vulnerable to postpartum diseases with moderate accuracy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.3485-3491
• /
• 2015

Background: Nodal invasion by colorectal cancer is a critical determinant in estimating patient survival and in choosing appropriate preoperative treatment. The present meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of endorectal ultrasound (EUS) in preoperative assessment of lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for relevant studies published on or before December 10th, 2014. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were assessed to estimate the diagnostic value of EUS. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore heterogeneity across studies. Results: Thirty-three studies covering 3,016 subjects were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.69 (95%CI: 0.63-0.75) and 0.77 (95%CI: 0.73-0.82), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.09 (95%CI: 2.52-3.78) and 0.39 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48), respectively. The DOR was 7.84 (95%CI: 5.56-11.08), and AUC was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.77-0.84). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that EUS has moderate diagnostic value in preoperative assessment of lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer. Further refinements in technology and diagnostic criteria are necessary to improve the diagnostic accuracy of EUS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.1657-1663
• /
• 2015

Background: Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important step in successful treatment. However, it is usually rare due to the lack of a highly sensitive specific biomarker so that the HCC is usually fatal within few months after diagnosis. The aim of this work was to study the role of plasma nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) and serum peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of HCC in a high-risk population. Materials and Methods: Plasma nuclear factor kappa B level (NF-${\kappa}B$) and serum peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in addition to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 72 cirrhotic patients, 64 patients with HCC and 29 healthy controls. Results: NF-${\kappa}B$ and PRDX3 were significantly elevated in the HCC group in relation to the others. Higher area under curve (AUC) of 0.854 (for PRDX3) and 0.825 (for NF-${\kappa}B$) with sensitivity of 86.3% and 84.4% and specificity of 75.8% and 75.4% respectively, were found compared to AUC of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (0.65) with sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 64.3%. Conclusions: NF-${\kappa}B$ and PRDX3 may serve as early and sensitive biomarkers for early detection of HCC facilitating improved management. The role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) as a target for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC must be widely evaluated.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 2009

옥시테트라사이클린 (OTC)을 넙치 (평균체중 600 g)에 1회 근육 주사 (12.5, 25 및 50 ㎎/㎏ body weight)한 다음, 경시적 (3시간-360시간) 인 혈장내 OTC의 잔류농도를 분석하였다. 25 및 50 ㎎/㎏ 시험구에서 투여 5시간째 각각 0.99 및 1.49 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었으나, 12.5 ㎎/㎏ 시험구는 투여 10시간째 0.35 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. 모든 시험구는 투여 360시간째 혈중에서 OTC가 검출되지 않 았다. OTC의 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 1- compartment model로 Win-Nonlin program을 이용하여 OTC의 흡수, 배설,반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수 (parameter)를 조사하였다. 12.5, 25 및 50 ㎎/㎏을 근육 주사한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적 (AUC)은 각각 24.9, 44.67 및 50.45 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 약물의 반감기 ($T_{1/2}$)는 각각 0.42, 0.59 및 0.41 h, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간 ($T_{max}$)은 8.46, 6.34 및 2.66 h, 혈중 최고농도 ($C_{max}$)는 0.30, 0.63 및 1.13 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fructose(F) or sucrose(S) and guar gum intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were different in carbohydrate(25% of carbohydrate) and fiber(5% w/w) sources. The carbohydrate(CHO) sources of each group were comstarch(control group, 100% of CHO), fructose with cellulose(F), fructose with guar gum(FG), sucrose with cellulose(S), and sucrose with guar gum(SG). Each group was fed exterimental diet for 4 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight gain, adipose tissues weight and organs weight. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and measured plasma insulin concentration to examine carbohydrate metabolism. To evaluate lipid metabolism, we measured the lipid profile of plasma, liver and feces. Food intake and weight gain of FG or SG groups tended to be less than those of F or S groups. Perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of SG group were significantly lower than those of S group and those of FG group tended to be lower than those of F group. In OGTT, blood glucose values of F or S groups were significantly higher than those of C group, and FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups during the experimental time. The area under the curve(AUC) of C group was significantly highest among the groups, AUC and plasma insulin concentration of FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) of FG and SG groups were significantly lower than those of F and S groups, plasma and hepatic total lipid(TL) and total cholesterol(TC) of FG and SG groups tended to be lower than those of F and S groups. Fecal TL, TG and TC of FG or SG groups tended to be higher than those of F and S groups. In conclusion, intake of guar gum should improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in partial substitution of fructose or sucrose for cornstarch in GK rats.