• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the plan of central area in Pienza town. The nucleus of the plan was the principal square with the surrounding buildings - Cathedral, Piccolomini, Episcopal and Communal palace, focused attention on the first city plan of the Renaissance. The results of study are as follow: 1. The plan of central area in Pienza town is formed by relation with each other, in which theory including the "De re aedificatoria" of Alberti and practical plan of Pienza were united. 2. Though the plan of Pienza is not total city planning for new function and system, it has a many influence for city planning, square type and building disposition, through new project method as a result of prospective at central area in Pienza town 3. The square plan is formed of centripetal role to integrate with harmony the partial units of each other from diverse elements in scale, function, style and type of buildings, in which it can characteristics of the beginning of Renaissance. 4. Not only composition of plan, elevation and section of the Cathedral, Piccolomini and Episcopal palace, but composition of opennings are formed of proportional system of 1:1, 1:${\surd}$2, 1:2 etc.. And such proportional systems is composed of relation with each other in harmony, deciding width, length and height from among part and part, whole and part for spatial and formal composition.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2008

This study is the architectural planning of 5 distribution supporting facilities for traditional herbal medicine cultivated in the rural areas. The main function of the facility consists of storage, pre-treatment/processing, loading/unloading and the assistant function consists of inspection, office, exhibition/sale, technical equipment etc. The planning shows the modular plan and the section plan of the storage space reflecting the shape and size of storage container, the action radius of carrier and the possibilities of space lease. The total floor area of the storage is 3,192$m^2$ consisting of 27 space. The total floor area of the pre-treatment/processing is 1,488$m^2$ consisting of 7 space. The total floor area of the loading/unloading is 329$m^2$ consisting of 4 space. The total floor area of each facility storage is 8,284$m^2$ including of public space 2,170$m^2$. Also this planning shows the preliminary design, "fundamental model design" for 5 rural government BTL project. Therefore, this result of planning will be the guidelines of the RFP(Request For Proposal) for the private sector company interested in this BTL project.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.349-363
• /
• 2020

Penalized spline is a suitable nonparametric approach in estimating mean model in small area. However, application of the approach in informative sampling in a published article is uncommon. We propose a semiparametric mixed-model using penalized spline under informative sampling to estimate mean of small area. The response variable is explained in terms of mean model, informative sample effect, area random effect and unit error. We approach the mean model by penalized spline and utilize a penalized spline function of the inclusion probability to account for the informative sample effect. We determine the best and unbiased estimators for coefficient model and derive the restricted maximum likelihood estimators for the variance components. A simulation study shows a decrease in the average absolute bias produced by the proposed model. A decrease in the root mean square error also occurred except in some quadratic cases. The use of linear and quadratic penalized spline to approach the function of the inclusion probability provides no significant difference distribution of root mean square error, except for few smaller samples.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2001

The inelastic behavior of a reinforced concrete columns is influenced by a number of factors : 1) level of axial load, 2) tie spacing, 3) volumetric ratio of lateral steel, 4) concrete strength, 5) distribution of longitudinal steel, 6) strength of lateral steel, 7) cover thickness, 8) configuration of lateral steel, 9) strain gradient, 10) strain rate, 11) the effectively confined concrete core area, and 12) amount of longitudinal steel. A new constitutive model of a confined concrete is suggested in order to investigate the nonlinear behavior of the reinforced concrete columns under concentric loading. The developed constitutive model for the confined concrete takes into account the effects of effectively confined area as well as the horizontal and longitudinal distributions of the confining pressures. None of the existing models incorporated these two main effects at the same time. A total of different six constitutive models for the behavior of the confined concrete under concentric compression were compared with the sixty-one test results reported by different researchers. The superiority of the developed model in its accuracy is demonstrated by evaluating the error function, which compares the weighted averages for the sum of squared relative differences in peak compressive strength and corresponding strain, stress at strain equal to 0.015, and total area under stress-strain curve up to strain equal to 0.015.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.783-790
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study are to analyze shopmasters' knowledge of apparel merchandise and textile recognition and to investigate the effects of demographic variables on them. Shopmasters' knowledge of apparel merchandise was analyzed on a factor basis. Four factors of apparel merchandise were fashion property, material property, function property and management property. The textile knowledge level of shopmasters was 72.44%. Considering each part of textile knowledge, basic property was 74.69%, comfort 72.17%, management 68.36% and finishing 77.33%. The level of recognition in finishing area was the highest and the level of recognition in management area was the lowest. There were significant differences in the textile knowledge by gender and working period. Female's textile knowledge level was higher. The longer the working period is, the higher the level of textile knowledge is. Shopmasters recognized the finishing area better than university students did. But both of the groups didn't recognize the management area well.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.2541-2551
• /
• 1996

Human visual systems are sensitive to noise on the flat intensity area. But it becomes less sensitive on the edge area. Recently, many types of spatially adaptive image restoration methods have been proposed, which employ the above mentioned huan visual characteristics. The present paper presents an adaptive image restoration method, which increases sharpness of the edge region, and smooths noise on the flat intensity area. For edge detection, the proposed method uses the visibility function based on the local variance on each pixel. And it adaptively changes the regularization parameter. More specifically, the image to be restored is divided into a number of steps from the flat area to the edge regio, and then restored by using the finite impulse response constrained least squares filter.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.36-46
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of bathroom through the latest apartment model house, and to investigate the types of design element in bathroom space, that is equipment material, measurement, and shape. Also, this study compare the changes in bathroom investigated through the theoretical study and understand the general design characteristics of modern bathroom. Design characteristics of bathrooms of 19 apartment model houses that are 30pyong to 60pyong model in the south area of the Han river and new city area, Boon-dang were analyzed based on previous studies. The result of the study is as follows. 1) The most remarkable change of bathroom can be found in equipment. The type of bathroom equipment, materials, forms, size have been changing diversely. 2) In addition, the function of bathroom has been changing. Bathroom is not only sanitary place but also place for rest, health-care, beauty-care, storage, and it is possible to add health improving function. 3) On the other hand, $\ulcorner$washstand ＋ toilet ＋ shower booth$\lrcorner$ type is common for family-bathroom, and separate type of $\ulcorner$washstand ＋ toilet ＋ bathtub ＋ shower booth ＋ Powder room ＋ dress room$\lrcorner$type is most common for master-bathroom.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.498-503
• /
• 2012

It happens that the fuel is not injected when the driver doesn't push the acceleration pedal of vehicle with engine speed higher than 1,500rpm above the mid range of vehicle speed. This is called "fuel-cut function" and almost every modern vehicle is equipped with this function. This is activated frequently on the downhill area of highway and the quantity of vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ gas can be zero on this area. With this fuel-cut function on the test highway, $CO_2$ gas from passenger car(2,000cc engine volume) can be reduced up to 4%. The fuel-cut function with CRUISE made in company AVL is simulated to find the most effective driving pattern on the downhill area. By simulating with CRUISE software, it is found that the lower limit of vehicle speed for fuel-cut should be raised to improve the fuel economy on the steeper downhill road. The fuel economy can be most economical when fuel-cut driving and reacceleration are completed on the section of downhill road.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.425-429
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to identify the whether there is any correlation between Gross Motor Function Measures (GMFM) and Functional independence Measurement for children (WeeFIM) in order to identify a relevance of daily life motor with gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Subjects were instructed to evaluated by an occupational therapist using WeeFIM (reliability 0.83-0.99) and by a physical therapist using GMFM (reliability 0.93). 10 male children and 13 female children among 23 children being diagnosed as cerebral palsy were targeted for this study. A correlation between GMFM and WeeFIM was analyzed with Kendall correlation. Results: Participants showed significant correlation between GMFM and WeeFIM in all categories, except in the GMFM's walking running jumping category, standing category of GMFM and self care, sphincter control, communication category of WeeFIM. Lying rolling and sitting and crawling kneeling area of GMFM showed a significant correlation with self care(r=0.35, 0.39, 0.4), sphincter control (r=0.45, 0.43, 0.61), mobility transfer (r=0.44, 0.36, 0.64), locomotion (r=0.41, 0.35, 0.74), communication (r=0.4, 0.44, 0.51), and social cognition (r=0.43, 0.51, 0.64) area of WeeFIM (p<0.05). Standing of GMFM and mobility transfer (r=0.74), locomotion (r=0.47) and social cognition (r=0.4) area of WeeFIM showed a significant correlation (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicated significant correlation between activity of daily living (ADL) and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. However, because there are a few results that are not significant, both assessment tools should be used for evaluations so that treatment can be achieved with an accurate assessment and establish a therapeutic plan.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.7C
• /
• pp.610-618
• /
• 2012

In this paper, using a image processing techniques to develop an color analysis program to apply the influence analysis by smoking were analyzed. So, this study was conducted to analyze is based on oriental medicine diagnosis theory, especially ocular inspection, of the right cheek area of the lung and lung function and weakness associated with it closer to white by applying IT image processing techniques based on smoking to compare the change in color according to the face. From this, 15 patients with 20 male subjects before and after smoking extract the color of the area on the right cheek, a values and b values in Lab digital color system were analyzed by smoking how to analyze what is changing. Also, health care system based on this variation reflects the individual, personalized will be constructed. Experimental results on the right cheek area approach to the color white according to the amounts of smoking, this is by smoking adversely affects lungs function that can be analyzed.