• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

According to the interest of the arctic's resources rising, many countries are making moves to develop these resources. Korea has also undergone negotiations with Russia to develop natural gas resources in Siberia, which is geographically relatively close. However, the Arctic resources market is dominate, it is essential to develop construction techniques that are suited for the Arctic. Gas pipelines in the Arctic are affected by frost heave due to the region's extremely low temperatures, a condition that is not present in Korea, making it vital to develop a finite element method (FEM) model. This research paper study a model of gas pipe lines in the Arctic and frost heave using FEM.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.527-532
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• 2014

The thickness of Arctic sea ice is a particularly significant factor in Arctic shipping and other ice-related research areas such as scientific sea ice investigations and Arctic engineering. In this study, the relation between the measured sea ice thickness and freeboard on the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas during the 2010 and 2011 Arctic cruise of the icebreaking research vessel "Araon" were considered. An assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium was used to estimate the ice thickness as a function of the freeboard. Then, to examine the degree of error, a sensitivity analysis of the thickness estimation of the sea ice was conducted. The error in the density and depth of the snow and the error in the density of the seawater were subordinate parameters, but the density of the ice and the freeboard were the primary parameters in the error calculation. The presented relation formula showed fairly close agreement between the calculated and measured results at a freeboard of >0.24 m.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2010

It is prospected that commercialization of the Arctic route come to faster than an anticipation due to acceleration of the melting of Arctic ice as a result of global warmness and etc. Since 1979 from the start of the satellite observation, the ice areas of the Arctic ocean came to decrease about 40 % in summer season For the commercial use of the Arctic route, it must be settled some problems including the navigation for the vessels in the EEZ of the related nations before considering about economic basis. It is also needed to build special ships which satisfy to the condition of the Arctic climate for the technical factors of ship handling and should be carried out completion of the special educational program to be approved for the seamen through the cooperation with the coastal nations. The information system for the Arctic route should be developed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2018

Recently, as sea ice in the Arctic has been decreasing due to global warming, it has become easier to develop oil and gas resources buried in the Arctic region. As a result, Russia, the United States, and other Arctic coastal states are increasingly interested in the development of oil and gas resources, and the demand for offshore structures to support Arctic sea resources development is expected to significantly increase. Since offshore structures operating in Arctic regions need to secure safety against various drifting ice conditions, the concept of an ice-strengthened design is introduced here, with a priority on calculation of ice load. Although research on the estimation of ice load has been carried out all over the world, most ice-load studies have been limited to estimating the ice load of the icebreaker in a non-oblique state. Meanwhile, in the case of Arctic offshore structures, although it is also necessary to estimate the ice load according to oblique angles, the overall research on this topic is insufficient. In this paper, we suggest algorithms for calculating the ice load of managed ice (pack ice, 100% concentration) in an oblique state, and discuss validity. The effect of oblique angle according to estimated ice load with various oblique angles was also analyzed, along with the impact of ship speed and ice thickness on ice load.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.72-77
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• 2014

It is known that there is no demand for building the arctic environment in Korea. However, it is important to use the different energy source instead of fuel source due to global warming. It is now demanded of using gas of Alaska and Siberia for long term developing the natural gas. The design of gas pipelines in Korea is very different from the arctic region. The operation of gas in arctic region have to consider of arctic region such as permafrost and active regions. It is needed to understand of gas pipeline design with different arctic soil properties. Nowadays, the pipelines is designed with stress-based and but there is demanded for strain based design with more deformed pipeline. We study of arctic environment with different active region using Finite Element Method of thermal elasto-plastic analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.431-446
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• 2020

This paper presents the flexural performance of double skin composite beams (DSCBs) at different Arctic low temperatures. 12 DSCBs were prepared and tested under two-point loading at different Arctic low temperatures of 20, -30, -50, and -70℃. The studied parameters include low-temperature level (T), steel-faceplate thickness (t), shear span ratio (λ), and spacing of headed studs (S). The experimental investigations under two-point loading tests showed that flexural failure occurred to all DSCBs, even including the specimen designed with the small λ ratio of 2.9. The ultimate strength behaviours of DSCBs were improved due to the improved mechanical properties of constructional materials and the confinement on shear connectors. The DSCB subjected to two-point loading and low temperatures exhibits a five-stage working mechanism. The stiffness and strength indexes of DSCBs increase linearly with temperature and t value increasing, while decreasing as shear span ratio boosts. In the contrast, the change of S value from 150 to 200 mm has little effect on the ultimate strength behavior of DSCB.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2016

For decades, the microorganisms in arctic soils have been newly discovered according to the climate change and global warming. In this study, the chemical structure of a lipid A molecule from Pseudomonas sp. strain PAMC 28615 which was newly discovered from arctic soils was characterized by mass spectrometric approaches such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and MALDI multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS). First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas sp. strain PAMC 28615 was extracted and subsequently hydrolyzed to obtain the lipid A. The parent ion peak at m/z 1632 was determined by MALDI-TOF MS, which also can validate our lipid A purification method. For detailed structural determination, we performed the multiple-stage tandem mass analysis ($MS^4$) of the parent ion, and subsequently the abundant fragment ions in each MS stage are tested. The fragment ions in each MS stage were produced from the loss of phosphate groups and fatty acyl groups, which could be used to confirm the composition or the position of the lipid A components. Consequently, the mass spectrometry-based lipid A profiling method could provide the detail chemical structure of lipid A from the Pseudomonas sp. strain PAMC 28615 as an arctic bacterium from the frozen arctic soil.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.78-84
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• 2014

It is important to secure the supply of gas in arctic region which is not developed recently due to depleting of fossil fuel. It is competing in order to secure the arctic region. The need for the occurring the pipeline design in arctic region is essential for development. In this study, we develop the model of thaw settlements for analysis the stress and displacement which applied with pipe in arctic region between $-40^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$. The soil was applied with Mohr-coulomb theory and pipe was elasto-plastic method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_2
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• pp.1261-1272
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• 2018

It is important to measure the Arctic surface air temperature because it plays a key-role in the exchange of energy between the ocean, sea ice, and the atmosphere. Although in-situ observations provide accurate measurements of air temperature, they are spatially limited to show the distribution of Arctic surface air temperature. In this study, we proposed machine learning-based models to estimate the Arctic surface air temperature in summer based on buoy data and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2)satellite data. Two machine learning approaches-random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM)-were used to estimate the air temperature twice a day according to AMSR2 observation time. Both RF and SVM showed $R^2$ of 0.84-0.88 and RMSE of $1.31-1.53^{\circ}C$. The results were compared to the surface air temperature and spatial distribution of the ERA-Interim reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). They tended to underestimate the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, and the Baffin Bay region where no IABP buoy observations exist. This study showed both possibility and limitations of the empirical estimation of Arctic surface temperature using AMSR2 data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2006

러시아의 북극해(Northern Sea) 연안은 석유와 천연 가스등 자원이 대규모로 매장된 곳이어서 근래에는 해상을 통한 수송 방법이 적극적으로 추진되고 있다. 최근 쇄빙기능을 가진 컨테이너, 유조선이 발주되었으며 향후 쇄빙 LNG 운반선도 발주될 예정이다. 국내에서는 2005년 말 최초로 러시아 Sovcomflot 에서 발주한 쇄빙유조선 70K Arctic Shuttle Tanker 를 수주하였으며 Ambient air temperature $-40^{\circ}C$(Extreme low temperature $-40^{\circ}C$) 에 적용한 Winterization 에 대해 설명하고자 한다.