• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

This study is aimed to suggesting a hypothesis about the process of improvement of houses of the Korean-Chinese, comparing how Han Chinese and Korean-Chinese houses changed in Yanbian Area of China. This draws the conclusion by analyzing the field survey about residence of the Han Chinese and the Korean-Chinese in Yanbian Area of China. First of all, the characteristic of residence style change and the plan of rural houses of the Han Chinese are in the following. The plan of houses has been changed from allocating rooms from side to side with the kitchen as the center to linking each functional spaces through the aisle. And the main bedroom of houses becomes the central space for family members instead of Kang (partial Ondol) by expanding the floor heating system under the whole floor in houses. Next, the feature of residence style changes of the Han Chinese and the Korean-Chinese is as follows. In 1970s barns disappeared from houses of the Korean Chinese, but houses of the Han Chinese were not much changed. From 1980s to 1990s, spaces linking each rooms with aisles had appeared for comfortableness of residence and respecting each individual's privacy. On the other hand, The houses of the Korean-Chinese make a whole big space by getting rid of walls between the rooms. And after 2 thousand years later, Han Chinese houses have a bedroom with floor heating system. Both houses of the Korean-Chinese and the Han Chinese are changed to have a residence style which taking sedentary style and standing style.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2017

This paper studies the style emergence of Liujin Dougong in the ancient Chinese architecture. Dougong is the bracket set of the ancient Chinese wood structural architecture, and Liujin Dougong is one of the late styles of Chinese Dougong. It emerged in the period of the Ming Dynasty and has been installed in imperial palaces and imperial temples till the late period of the Qing Dynasty. Through the long term field survey and documental investigation, this research found out the some prototypes of Liujin Dougong among the earlier Xia-ang style Dougongs in the Song and Yuan Dynasty architectures. The symptom of style change appeared in the bracket composition. In the beginning, because Shuatou, the horizontal member just on Xia-ang was needed to be fixed to the inner main structure system, it was changed to the diagonal member and replaced Xia-ang. It brought continuous changes, the other horizontal members of Dougong also began to change to the diagonal form. And in accordance with these compositional changes of Dougong members, the decoration of inner parts also began to change. This paper analyzed every step of the compositional and decorative changes from Xia-ang Dougong style to Liujin Dougong style. In the addition, it also proposed the typical model of Qing style Liujin Dougong of which tail end is not placed on the beam and is just placed under the purlin, based on the its own research and analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.641-653
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• 2018

This paper presents experiment and bearing capacity analyses of steel dual-lintel column (SDC) joints in Chinese traditional style buildings. Two SDC interior joints and two SDC exterior joints, which consisted of dual box-section lintels, circular column and square column, were designed and tested under low cyclic loading. The force transferring mechanisms at the panel zone of SDC joints were proposed. And also, the load-strain curves at the panel zone, failure modes, hysteretic loops and skeleton curves of the joints were analyzed. It is shown that the typical failure modes of the joints are shear buckling at bottom panel zone, bending failure at middle panel zone, welds fracturing at the panel zone, and tension failure of base metal in the heat-affected zone of the joints. The ultimate bearing capacity of SDC joints appears to decrease with the increment of axial compression ratio. However, the bearing capacities of exterior joints are lower than those of interior joints at the same axial compression ratio. In order to predict the formulas of the bending capacity at the middle panel zone and the shear capacity at the bottom panel zone, the calculation model and the stress state of the element at the panel zone of SDC joints were studied. As the calculated values showed good agreements with the test results, the proposed formulas can be reliably applied to the analysis and design of SDC joints in Chinese traditional style buildings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.689-693
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• 2008

Ancient Chinese in the roof of the building referred to as "the big roof". This paper make a research on style of roof,to find out the identify contemporary social construction of a representative, the distinctive features of varying roof styles with examples. Using pictures and text, contrast to the situation, to explain why the roof of the ancient form of modern architecture can be widely used. Ultimately concluded that the ancient traditional roof styles in contemporary architecture in the use of a wide range is traditional culture and promoting the inheritance.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate type of the modern architecture in Daegu province, based on 91 buildings which were built from 1886 to 1945 in Daegu province. The results of this study could be summarized as follows : The modern buildings were built by the western missionary, Japanese, Chineses and Korean. The catholic, built Korean style cathedral and parsonage early in the missionary period, then changed to build Gothic revival and georgian style masonary buildings. The protestant built eclectic buildings. With masonary structure and Korean roof style. Then from 1930's, they started to build Gothic revival style buildings. Japanese built eclectic buildings which mixed with Western and Japan type during the first period. Then, they also started to build Western eclectic building. Chinese built only two buildings during the whole periods and those were Western eclectic style buildings. Korean started to build commercial and school buildings which were Western style from the middle of the second period by nationalist and local commercialist.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.49-62
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the building process and characteristics of Suncheon American missionary compound-missionary dwellings, medical clinics, schools and churches, for the sake of giving fundamental facts to the researcher of this field. The results of the study is summarized as follows. The construction participants of Suncheon missionary architecture are American supervisor- Rev. Preston, Elder Swinehart and Doctor Timmons, Korean christian labors, Chinese masons and Japanese carpenters. The characteristics of architectures are described as the space composition according to American life style, the architectural form of American colonial style. And also the masonry structure using the Korean domestic stones and bricks and imported various materials- such as the cements, timbers, glasses, doors and windows, etc- from the North America.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

This Study is concerned with the Design Characteristics of Korean, Chinese and Japanese brick church architecture. The main subject of the study is to investigate the commonness and difference between Korean, Chinese and Japanese brick church architecture in the early stage(1880-1920). In carrying this study into execution, I examined the architectural and historical backgrounds based on the preceding research works, and analysed the plan, the spacial composition, design elements, techniques and materials, etc. The result of this study is as follows ; The basic concept of composition of space is same in order to embody the Basilican space, but the inner elevation and detail of brick structure is different. Chinese churches are more close to Western basilican style church in the point of shape and plan, but in the point of inner elevation and decoration of church, Japanese churches are more close to Western style church. Korean churches are in the middle of its. There are different attitudes of naturalization of western church architecture in Korea, China and Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 1999

It may be said that ancient wild Chinese garden had been founded during Qin dynasty and completed through Han, Sui and Tang dynasties. At first used as hunting areas for kings, the ancient resort forests began to take forms of garden. They dug a pond in the garden and made a simulated mountains with the soil that came from the excavations for the pond and suc pavilions has Gyong, Ru, Gak etc. were built around the pond. The ponds were different in size from those in Korea, being of the lake-like size. they made three island in the pond, which were the islands of Taoist hermits with supernatural powers, called Bong-lae, Young-ju and Band-jang respectively. the traditional of making those islands began in the Qin era and were completed in the Han era, being descended to posterity as a traditional garden structure of 'three islands in one pond' garden style. Such style was brought to Korea and first appeared as Kung-Nam-Ji in Back-jae kingdom and then brought to Japan, becoming the tradition of constructing ponds from early Heian era. Those lake-like huge Chinese ponds constituted the core of ancient garden where various feasts took place. Such ponds were also placed at the center of the gardens and played the roles of feasting garden ponds. Through the above-mentioned studies of the ancient Chines garden, the origin of them and the influence of the ancient Chinese ponded garden upon those of Korea and Japan were investigated.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

Korea and China have had close relations not only geographically but also ideally and culturally throughout history. Regarding their lifestyles on housing patterns, however, Koreans had a sedentary way of life, usually sitting on the floor while Chinese had a standing lifestyle, sitting on a chair. This paper tries to have a comparative analysis on similarities and distinctions of two countries' traditional furniture that had complied with each lifestyle. This paper also aims to explore the similarities and distinctions of the form and function of the traditional furniture of the two countries and then to put results of this paper in design and plan of modern furniture and housing in our times. The study can be summarized as follows. Even if, cultural and historical relationships of two countries, there is a different of traditional furniture's forms and types. The major differences are as following : Korean furniture is predominantly on the floor level with storing furniture while Chinese one is intermixed with seat-level and floor level styles. These characters seem to be derived from their own housing and life style. In Ming and Qing period China, Their developed in which intermediate people and building. But, in Korea their housing style had floating floor against wet earth, which finished woods, Ondol. Because of these finishing, the Korean traditional furniture was developed into a good form and a suitable dimension for moving. These differences in furnishing style seemed to well reflect building and housing style of each country. And Image map and positioning map can show the differences in a whole aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analysis on periodical changes of rural houses of Korean-Chinese people residing in Yanbian area, China focused on periodical changes of floor plans according to Chinese government's policies and regulations influencing on rural houses. Changes of floor plans are classified into four periods; immigrating settled period, 1960-1970s, 1980-1990s, and after 2000. Total number of 67 cases were analyzed that data was collected 48 cases of literature studies and 19 cases of field study in Yanbian, China. The results are as followings. In immigrating settled period, floor plans of the rural houses have tended to be continued the pattern of the Korean traditional rural houses. Nevertheless China was changed socialism system, rarely floor plans were influenced by the system during this period. From 1960s to 1970s, the livestock and rural mechanization are influenced by the "People's Commune" policy. The "Barn" and "Mill" were converted into "warehouse". The residential part consists of one Jeongji (space mixed dinning and kitchen) and one to three of Ondolbang (room). From 1980s to 1990s influenced by the policies of "Cultural Revolution", "Birth Control" and "Chinese Economic Reform", the Korean traditional customs like "elders first" and "distinction between the male and female have been gradually vanished. Meanwhile, spaces of the rural houses have consisted of Jeongji, big Utppang (room), and warehouse. Each space is opened and mutual. Since 2000, influenced by the policy of a "new Socialist Countryside Construction", the bathroom and kitchen are added in interior spaces, the life style in rural houses has been changed as for both the sedentary style and western style.