• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

To verify the cause of high productivity in Typha stand, leaf area index(LAI), leaf orientation and inclination, specific leaf area (SLA), and radiation interception profiles were determined in a natural Typha$\times$glauca stand. Throughout the growing season, the leaf inclination has been kept at near-right angle and leaf orientation has been random. These chracteristics were responsible for an uniform spatial arrangement of the leaves within the canopy and could be explained by the SLA value, which increased in their higher strata. The extinction coefficient (K) of the canopy, 0.12 to 0.20, was one of the smallest value out of terrestrial plant communities. At least more than 25% of full radiation penetrated into the lowest stratum of the canopy. High productivity of the Typha would be attributed to efficient penetration of the radiation in virtue of the stiff and straight leaves even though rather small LAI.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2009

Recently, Construction Projects are being much bigger and more complex. So the importance of Construction Planning and Management is increasing and increasing because of the Construction Projects is involved in a variety of construction-related subjects. Competitive of the Construction Industry decided Cost, Construction Duration and Productivity. But they were just focused on Cost Saving instead of Construction Duration and Productivity. However, they have to finish construction projects using minimum cost and duration with quality and function of required level for successful Construction projects. Thus, current high exchange rate and high period, it is clear to decrease construction cost and to do economic construction in huge Construction Projects and it means more advanced Construction Schedule Management needs for economic construction. But Construction Scheduling Planning, basic of Construction Schedule Management, adjusted contract period without Pre-Planning, just depending on experience and ability of Construction Engineer. Because of that, this study suggests new Duration Estimate Method using Stochastic Model in BIM Environment for advanced Construction Schedule Management. Existing Duration Estimate Methods are just modified wrong points of them or analyzed effective factors of construction schedule. However, New Duration Estimate Method is just consists of Stochastic Model and BIM Environment without existing Duration Estimate Methods. So, new method has creativity and specialty. After this research, it would be a great model in construction industry field.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.336-338
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• 2015

This research is to propose an applicable framework for real-time health surveillance and safety monitoring at construction sites. First this study aims at finding (1) a framework for health surveillance that is likely to benefit employers and employees in the industry, (2) a valid way to identify factors or conditions with potential health concerns that can occur under particular work conditions, (3) An effective way to apply wireless/mobile sensors to construction workers using real-time/live data transmission methods, and (4) A relationship between a worker's vital signs and job site environment. Biosensors for physiological response and devices for weather/work related data are to collect real-time data. Relationships between jobs and physiological responses are analyzed and factors that touched particularly contributing to certain responses are identified. When data are incorporated with tasks, factors affecting tasks can be identified to estimate the magnitude of the factors. By comparing work and normal responses possible precautionary actions can be considered. In addition, the study would be lead to improving (1) trade-specific dynamic work schedules for workers which would be based on various factors affecting worker health level and (2) reevaluating worker productivity with health status and work schedule, thereby seeking ways to maximize worker productivity. Through a study, the paper presents expected benefits of implementing health monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.50-63
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• 2014

Since the new millennium, BIM has been widely adopted to improve productivity in the field of architecture, engineering, and construction with the government policies of each country. After its first introduction into the field of landscape architecture in USA, BIM has been debated on its merits and limitations mainly by the European countries' academic and, at the same time, practical worlds. However, little attention has been paid to BIM, in particular, in the field of landscape architecture in Korea leaving many issues to solve to fully utilize BIM. The purpose of this study is to present the main issues and strategic agenda for the successful introduction of BIM in landscape architecture in Korea. This study shows that the new derived word of LIM(Landscape Information Modeling) instead of BIM appeared in the field of landscape architecture. Then, this paper discusses the main issues on standardization and interoperability in the adoption of LIM to create, integrate, and reuse landscape information. Finally, four strategic agenda are presented to successfully introduce LIM into the domestic field of landscape architecture by reviewing the societies of the landscape discipline in UK and Norway that play a leading role by organizing BIM working groups.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

Recently there has been insignificant growth in the Korean construction management (CM) market, in comparison to the previous year. However, despite stagnation or even decreasing growth trends, the number of domestic companies participating in the CM market has increased rapidly. As follows, market movements of CM despite trending in stagnant growth or decrease, the market has been increasing firms which entry the market. The reasons for such dynamic change must be examined first, in order to facilitate analysis of its competitive structure. This study aims to examine the market competition structure and analyze the reason for proliferation of companies in the sick CM market. This study employs market concentration ratio and DEA-based Malmquist productivity indices to analyze the competitive structure of the CM market. Results reveal that the CM market has been monopolized by a few companies, but this is gradually changing. In addition, these companies were not productive, but there has been a gradual increase in the productivity index. Therefore, this study, which provides the direction index of the CM market, has implications for all major stakeholders in this market.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-196
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• 2023

Accurate and timely estimation of crop yields is crucial for various purposes, including global food security planning and agricultural policy development. Remote sensing techniques, particularly using vegetation indices (VIs), have show n promise in monitoring and predicting crop conditions. However, traditional VIs such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) have limitations in capturing rapid changes in vegetation photosynthesis and may not accurately represent crop productivity. An alternative vegetation index, the near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv), has been proposed as a better predictor of crop yield due to its strong correlation with gross primary productivity (GPP) and its ability to untangle confounding effects in canopies. In this study, we investigated the potential of NIRv in estimating crop yield, specifically for corn and soybean crops in major crop-producing regions in 14 states of the United States. Our results demonstrated a significant correlation between the peak value of NIRv and crop yield/area for both corn and soybean. The correlation w as slightly stronger for soybean than for corn. Moreover, most of the target states exhibited a notable relationship between NIRv peak and yield, with consistent slopes across different states. Furthermore, we observed a distinct pattern in the yearly data, where most values were closely clustered together. However, the year 2012 stood out as an outlier in several states, suggesting unique crop conditions during that period. Based on the established relationships between NIRv peak and yield, we predicted crop yield data for 2022 and evaluated the accuracy of the predictions using the Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE). Our findings indicate the potential of NIRv peak in estimating crop yield at the county level, with varying accuracy across different counties.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to decide the suitability of the land use on eco-city by analysing ecological elements using GIS. Selected ecological elements for suitability analysis were altitude, slope, watershed, biotope, soil productivity, visual sensitivity, vegetation, and green connection. The category of each element was classified into 5 grades, and was given weight according to each element. The maximum value of each element was extracted from overlay analysis process. The result of analysis was classified into 5 grade finally. As a result, land use was proposed to be development, conservation, and preservation area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2079-2086
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• 2014

Shipbuilding production management is one of the most significant activities in productivity improvement. Shop-floor managers and production planners still do not have enough production information for shop-floor scheduling due to shortage of information sharing among them. In this research, main issues were derived from requirement analysis between production planning and shop-floor control to establish a software system architecture for ship production monitoring system(SPMS), which is developed with component based design(CBD). The proposed system's key functions cover from block shop assembly to quay outfitting stage to visualize production progress as well as to maximize production information sharing. The system will allow more reliable and accurate production information to permeate down to members of the workforce just in time.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.835-846
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• 2005

A Product Line (PL) is a set of products (applications) that share common assets in a domain. Product Line Engineering (PLE) is a set of principles, techniques, mechanisms, and processes that enables the instantiation of produce lines. Core assets, the common assets, are created and instantiated to make products in PLE. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new software development paradigm that emphasizes its feasibility with automatically developing product. Therefore, we can get advantages of both of the two paradigms, PLE and MDA, if core assets are represented as PIM in MDA with predefined automatic mechanism. PLE framework in the PIM level has to be interpreted by MDA tools. However, we do not have a standard UML profile for representing core assets. The research about representing PLE framework is not enough to make automatically core assets and products. We represent core asset in PIM level in terms of structural view and semantic view. We also suggest a method for representing architecture, component, workflow, algorithm, and decision model. The method of representing framework with PLE and MDA is used to improve productivity, applicability, maintainability and qualify of product.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.397-402
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• 2013

In super-tall building construction projects, schedule risk factors which vertically change and are not found in the low and middle-rise building construction influence duration of a project by vertical attribute; and it makes hard to estimate activity or overall duration of a construction project. However, the existing duration estimating methods, that are based on quantity and productivity assuming activities of the same work item have the same risk and duration regardless of operation space, are not able to consider the schedule risk factors which change by the altitude of operation space. Therefore, in order to advance accuracy of duration estimation of super-tall building projects, the degree of changes of these risk factors according to altitude should be analyzed and incorporated into a duration estimating method. This research proposes a simulation model using Monte Carlo method for estimating activity duration incorporating schedule risk factors by weather conditions in a super-tall building. The research process is as follows. Firstly, the schedule risk factors in super-tall building are identified through literature and expert reviews, and occurrence of non-working days at high altitude by weather condition is identified as one of the critical schedule risk factors. Secondly, a calculating method of the vertical distributions of the weather factors such as temperature and wind speed is analyzed through literature reviews. Then, a probability distribution of the weather factors is developed using the weather database of the past decade. Thirdly, a simulation model and algorithms for estimating non-working days and duration of each activity is developed using Monte-Carlo method. Finally, sensitivity analysis and a case study are carried out for the validation of the proposed model.