• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2003

To quantify nutrient loading from emergent macrophytes through leaching in the littoral zones of Paldang Reservoir, we conducted incubation experiments using leaf litter of the emergent macrophyte, Zizaniz latifolia. To separate the leaching process from microbial decay, we used $HgCl_2$ to suppress microbial activity during the experiment. We measured electric conductivity, absorbance at 280nm, total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus, Na, K, Mg and Ca amounts in leaf litter and in water. In addition, we examined the effects of water temperature and ion concentrations of ambient water on the leaching process. A total of 6% of the initial ash-free dry mass of leaf litter was lost due to leaching during incubation (four days). Electric conductivity and A280 continued to increase and saturate during the incubation. To compare reaching rates of different nutrients, we fitted leaching dynamics with a hyperbolic saturation function [Y=AㆍX/(B+X)]. From these fittings, we found that ratios of leaching amounts to nutrient concentration in the litter were in the order of K > Na > Mg > P > Ca > N. Leaching from leaf litter of Z. latifolia was dependent on water temperature while it was not related with ion concentrations in the ambient water. Our results suggest that the leaching process of nutrients, especially phosphorus, from aquatic macrophytes provides considerable contribution to the eutrophication of the Paldang Reservoir ecosystem.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2020

Electrodialysis has been applied for treatment of industrial wastewater including metal electroplating. The wastewater from metal plating industries contains high concentrations of inorganics such as copper, nickel, and sodium. The ions in the feed were separated due to the electrical forces in the electrodialysis. The concentrate compartment is exposed to the elevated concentrations of the ions and yielded inorganic precipitations on the cation exchange membranes. The presence of organic matter in the metal plating wastewater affects complex interfacial reactions, which determines characteristics of inorganic scale fouling. The wastewater from a metal plating industry in practice was collected and the inorganic and organic compositions of the wastewater were analyzed. The performance of electrodialysis of the raw wastewater was evaluated and the effects of adjusting pH of the raw water were also measured. The integrated processes with neutralization and electrodialysis showed great removal of heavy metals sufficient to discharge to aquatic ecosystem. The organic matter in the raw water was also reduced by the neutralization, which might enhance removal performance and alleviate organic fouling in the integrated system.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2003

Fluoranthene, a common polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), exhibits phototoxicity which may affect aquatic organisms. The eventual goal of this study is to develop a biomarker of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) used in monitoring hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem. In this study we investigated neural toxicity of fluoranthene in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) along with comparative analysis of corresponding behavioral response. The untreated individuals shooed normal behavioral characteristics (i. e., smooth and linear movements). The treated fish, however, showed stopping and abrupt change of orientation (100 ppb), and severely reduced locomotive activity and enhanced surfacing activity (1,000 ppb). Treatment of the medaka fish with fluoranthene caused a significant suppresson of acetycholine esterase (AChE) activities in the body portion but not in the head portion. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of fluoranthene for 24 hr, the body AChE activities decreased from 126.${\pm}$31.89 (nmoles substrate hydrolyzed per min per mg protein) to 49.51${\pm}$11.99. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head and body portions were comparatively analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Five organs of the medaka fish showing a strong TH protein expression were the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions. This study provides molecular and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for toxic chemicals using fish as a model organism.

• Carbon letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2013

An increase in population initiating rapid industrialization was found to consequently increase the effluents and domestic wastewater into the aquatic ecosystem. In this research the potentialities of Sambucus nigra L. (SNL) plant in the remediation of water, contaminated with methylene blue (MB), a basic dye were investigated. SNL was chemically impregnated with $KHCO_3$. Operating variables studied were pH, amount of adsorbent and contact time. In general, pH did not have any significant effect on colour removal and the highest adsorption capacity was obtained in 0.035 g MB/g-activated carbon. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Temkin isotherm. The mass transfer property of the sorption process was studied using Lagergren pseudo-first-order and chemisorption pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The sorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The surface area, pores volume and diameter were assessed by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda methods. The results were compared to those from activated carbon (Merck) and an actual sample. The results indicate that SNL can be employed as a natural and eco-friendly adsorbent material for the removal of dye MB from aqueous solutions.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2020

This study is aimed to prepare the promotion strategy to spawn snow crab resources and create their habitats using SWOT-AHP analysis. Currently, the creation program of spawning and habitat ground (CPSH) of various fisheries resource is a continuing process, however, none of these CPSH can be labeled as being effective in Korea. In order for CPSH to be effective, it must be planned systematically. Therefore, it is necessary for establishing promotion strategy on the CPSH. SWOT-AHP analysis is used to improve explanation ability of SWOT analysis. In this research, we suggested three strategies and 15 implementation plans of the CPSH using SWOT-AHP analysis. It is expected that the economic feasibility, ecosystem and recovery of fisheries resources will improve significantly. Consequently, to increase the performance of CPSH, it is necessary to focus on the developing an efficient and executive promotion strategy on the CPSH.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2000

Juam lake is a major water reservoir for the industrial and agricultural activities as well as the residental life of Kwangju and Chonnam regions. However, the water quality of the lake is getting worse due to a large quantity inflowing to the lake. The excessive growth of algae by the overfertilization may result in water treatment problems and also the interference with desirable water uses of navigation, aesthetics, recreation, and aquatic ecosystem. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the species and their amount of planktons in the lake and the relationship between the P loading amount and the chlorophyll-a used as a primary productivity index. The results of the investigation show that (1) the predominant species of algae are Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena affinis, Melosira granulata, Synedra acus, and Coelastrum cambricum, (2) the trophic state of the lake can be classified as eutrophic, and (3) there is close relation between the P loading amount and the chlorophyll-a.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

In order to examine the effect of impermeable surface (rooftop, outdoor parking lot) and rainwater infiltration facilities on runoff pH, pH was measured. pH measurement spots were splash blocks accepted roof runoff of 3 sites, infiltration boxes and trenches accepted parking lot runoff and plastic rainwater harvesting facility accepted roof runoff. These measurements were operated at 3 housing complexes from 2006 to 2009. The rainwater runoff pH was influenced by the quality of the runoff surface material (concrete), the age of the building, waterproofing methods according to each housing site, antecedent rainfall conditions and others. Rain garden, infiltration boxes and trenches decreased the alkalinity of runoff by detention and infiltrating the roof and outdoor parking lot runoff. These results mean that decentralized rainwater management facilities of housing complexes can reduce effect on the outskirt aquatic ecosystem by the accumulation of substances causing pH rising in the infiltration facilities and rain garden.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.8-18
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• 2015

Pollutants such as heavy metals and explosives originating from the military operational ranges can be migrated to adjacent surface water body or offsite soil, and can affect to local residents and aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, Korea Ministry of the National Defense has established various guidelines for environmental management including the installation of pollutant migration prevention facilities (PMPFs) and monitoring methodologies for heavy metals in the operational range soil and effluent and sediment of PMPFs. However, current guidelines neither address the explosive compounds such as 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) nor suggest detailed environmental investigation protocol. This paper introduces the new “Environmental Management Manual for Military Firing Ranges”, which includes the environmental criteria for explosives as well as the detailed investigation protocol for the affected environmental media including soil, effluent and sediment of PMPFs.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2020

Industrialization and urbanization are modern need and trends. Such trends affect the natural ecosystem of rivers. Indian rivers face such problems in a high ratio. The aim of this study is to investigate the cause and amount of pollution in a tributary river Krishni. Pre-monsoon sampling of Krishni river water was performed as per APHA standard. Water samples were collected from different sites of Krishni river. Physiochemical parameters as well as trace elements concentrations have been analysed and results were compared with BIS-2012, WHO-2017 and EPA-2001 recommendations. The presence of high BOD, COD, TDS and others physiochemical parameters along with heavy metals reveals that tributary is highly polluted owing to industrial and domestic discharge either directly or through drains. High values of these parameters are harmful for the ecological health of the river because it makes survival of aquatic flora and fauna at risk. On the basis of the results obtained by the present study, it was concluded that level of the pollution in river Krishni is at alarming phase, where if strong action for the rejuvenation of river not takes place, river becomes a dead pool.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2008

Urban streams are degrading functional role due to development and pollution. This study chose the representative stream of Do-rim and identified flora and fauna. The ecological survey aimed at identifying indicator of urban streams for measuring urban healthiness and we discussed the possibility of wetland conservation area. From the beginning of Dorim stream to An-yang mixture we were successfully identified 113 species of plants, 9 of mammals, 23 of birds, 4 of amphibians, 2 of reptiles and 2 of fish species. Terrestrial insects were 71 species. The wetland vegetation is quite various and we suggested 4 different vegetation zones (aquatic vegetation zone, emergent zone, riparian-meadow zone, riparian-woodland zone) depending on distance from the flowing water stream and vegetation characteristics for urban stream management.