• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.146-149
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• 2000

Biologically active porcine Interleukin-2(poIL-2) was produced from in vitro and in viva baculovirus expression system, namely the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV)-cell culture system and the Hybrid nucler polthedrosis virus (HyNPV)-sillkworm larva system. The concentration of the recombinant poIL-2(rpoIL-2) in the larvae hemolymph was 1 to 3 mg/mL, which was about 7 to 20 times those of the cell culture systems. The level of this expression efficiency is equal to that with transgenic livestock, secretion products in milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.864-873
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• 2013

In developing countries, biogas energy production is seen as a technology that can provide clean energy in poor regions and reduce pollution caused by animal manure. Laboratories in these countries have little access to advanced gas measuring equipment, which may limit research aimed at improving local adapted biogas production. They may also be unable to produce valid estimates of an international standard that can be used for articles published in international peer-reviewed science journals. This study tested and validated methods for measuring total biogas and methane ($CH_4$) production using batch fermentation and for characterizing the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) ($CH_4$ NL $kg^{-1}$ VS) of pig manure, cow manure and cellulose determined with the Moller and VDI methods was not significantly different in this test (p>0.05). The biodegradability using a ratio of BMP and theoretical BMP (TBMP) was slightly higher using the Hansen method, but differences were not significant. Degradation rate assessed by methane formation rate showed wide variation within the batch method tested. The first-order kinetics constant k for the cumulative methane production curve was highest when two animal manures were fermented using the VDI 4630 method, indicating that this method was able to reach steady conditions in a shorter time, reducing fermentation duration. In precision tests, the repeatability of the relative standard deviation (RSDr) for all batch methods was very low (4.8 to 8.1%), while the reproducibility of the relative standard deviation (RSDR) varied widely, from 7.3 to 19.8%. In determination of biomethane concentration, the values obtained using the liquid replacement method (LRM) were comparable to those obtained using gas chromatography (GC). This indicates that the LRM method could be used to determine biomethane concentration in biogas in laboratories with limited access to GC.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 2008

Reproduction of the goby fish Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus was examined using 298 specimens collected from April to October 2005 in a mud flat of Suncheon Bay, Korea. Specimens ranged in body length(BL) from 1.3 to 9.1 cm. The gonadosomatic index(GSI) of females was highest in June and decreased until August. The hepatosomatic index(HSI) and fatness index of females were high in April and then decreased to nadirs in July. Spawning season lated from April to August and the ratio of females to males did not significantly differ($x^2$-test, p>0.05). The first spawning length was 4.5 cm BL, and the size of 50% maturity was estimated at 4.98 cm BL. Fecundity(F) ranged from 1,316 to 4,768 eggs, and the relationship between F and BL was estimated as $F=0.1562BL^{1.4068}(R^2=0.59)$.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2020

Behavioral response to a diel photoperiodicity (500 lx for 16 h, 5 lx for 4 h and < 0.5 lx for 4 h) and phototactic characteristics in dark conditions were examined with Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Chondrostei, Actinopterygii) prelarvae. Siberian sturgeon prelarvae represented both qualitative and quantitative changes in their behavioral patterns according to different light intensities in a diel photoperiodicity. Under daylight conditions (500 lx), prelarvae displayed saltatory changes of behavioral features with ages (Day 0-Day 9) in a general order of swimming-up/drifting, swimming in the upper water column, benthic swimming with rheotaxis, schooling and post-schooling behavior. Compared to daylight conditions, prelarvae tended to show more benthic performances and quantitative reductions of schooling and post-schooling behaviors under dimlight conditions (5 lx). Under dark conditions (< 0.5 lx), prelarvae exhibited a fairly uniform behavioral pattern characterized by the benthic swimming across the bottom of the tank. From phototaxis tests under dark conditions, navigational responses of prelarvae to a spotlight illumination were quantitatively changed as their ages increased. The phototactic responses reached the peak on Day 2, continued until Day 4, and then gradually decreased until Day 8. A partial recovery of positive phototaxis was observed on Day 9. Data from this study suggest that the diel light cycle as well as the light intensity of each interval in the cycle should be considered as important components of a practical guide for evaluating fitness and developmental states of artificially propagated Siberian sturgeon prelarvae.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.350-361
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• 2020

Quality control of meat products is one of the main concerns of consumers, governmental control authorities, and retailers. The purpose of this study was to employ ribose-induced Maillard reaction in detection of meat adulteration and differentiation of fresh-chilled from frozen-thawed minced veal. The browning intensity was assessed through measuring the absorbance at 420 nm with a spectrophotometer as well as the direct analysis of the color and pH. The results showed that CIE b*, CIE a*, and A_420* values in the extract of fresh-chilled veal were significantly (p<0.05) higher than frozen-thawed samples. The extract of frozen meat samples stored at -18℃ became significantly darker and more yellowish compared to -4℃. The results showed that the A_420* value in the frozen-thawed veal stored at -4℃ and -18℃ was reduced by approximately 17.22±3.53% and 11.68±2.49%, respectively, compared with fresh-chilled veal. The findings also showed that the storage temperature of minced veal and the heating time in this reaction had a significant effect on all tested variables (p<0.0001). The proposed method can be considered as an easy, quick, and inexpensive test for differentiating between the fresh-chilled and frozen-thawed minced veal.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2019

Potential utility of 14 candidate housekeeping genes as normalization reference for RT-qPCR analysis with developmental samples (fertilized eggs to late veliger larvae) in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai was evaluated using four different statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and comparative ΔCT method). Different algorithms identified different genes as the best candidates, and geometric mean-based final ranking from the most to the least stable expression was as follow: RPL5, RPL4, RPS18, RPL8, RPL7, UBE2, RPL7A, GAPDH, RPL36, PPIB, EF1A, ACTB and B-TU. The findings were further validated via relative quantification of metallothionein (MT) transcripts using the stable and unstable reference genes, and expression levels of MT were greatly influenced according to the choice of reference genes. In overall, our data suggest that RPL5 and RPS18, either singly or in combination, are appropriate for normalizing gene expression in developmental samples of this abalone species, whereas ACTB, B-TU and EF1A are less stable and not recommended. In addition, our findings propose that standard deviations in geometric ranking as well as geometric mean itself should also be taken into account for the final selection of reference gene(s). This study could be a useful basis to facilitate the generation of accurate and reliable RT-qPCR data with developmental samples in this abalone species.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2000

축산폐수를 처리하는 연못시스템의 1차연못 처리수(평균 $BOD_5\;49.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $T-N\;48.6\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 1주에 2 - 3회 실험양어지에 공급하여 잉어의 성장을 조사하였다. 처리수 공급유량과 실험양어지의 유량이 1:4가 유지되도록 공급하였으며, 실험양어지의 평균 $BOD_5$는 $15\;-\;20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$였다. 양어지에 수용한 잉어의 평균 체중은 8월에 204.2 g에서 9월과 10월에 210.4 g와 219.3 g로 각각 늘었으며 60일간 사육에서 생잔율이 82%였다. 운반 및 조사시 잉어에 주는 스트레스를 감안하면 양어지의 수질과 환경은 잉어 성장에 나쁘지 않았다고 여겨진다. 8월부터 10월 사이의 다소 낮은 성장률은 양어지의 물을 빼내고 잉어를 잡아 체중과 체장을 측정하는 과정이 잉어에 스트레스를 준데 원인이 있다고 사료된다. 월동 후인 이듬해 4월에 잉어의 평균 체중은 205.3g로 감소하였으며 전년도 10월과 비교하여 생잔율은 83%였다. 일반적으로 잉어는 월동 후에 체중이 약 10 - 20% 감소하는 경향이 있다. 양어지 실험결과 양어지의 평균 $BOD_5$가 $15\;-\;20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 유지되면 용존산소결핍으로 잉어가 일시에 죽는 현상은 일어나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 평균 $BOD_5$와 T-N이 각각 27.9, $30.8\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$인 2차연못에 체중 약 100g 정도의 잉어 10마리를 8월에 넣어 보았으나 1주일 이내에 모두 죽었다. 새벽 무렵의 급격한 용존산소결핍 현상에 원인이 있다고 사료된다. 연못시스템의 3차연못에 잉어를 직접 털어 성장을 분석하였다. 3차연못의 평균 $BOD_5$와 T-N은 각각 $19.8\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $21.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$였다. 3차연못은 2차연못에서 발생한 조류(algae)가 죽어 연못바닥으로 침전되는 마무리연못(maturation pond)으로 연못전체가 호기성을 유지하고 있었다. 3차연못에 8월에 넣은 잉어의 평균체중은 107.5g였으며 2개월 후에 165.2g으로 증가하였다. 사육 1년 후의 평균체중은 478.2g으로 약 3배 증가했으며, 1년 후의 잉어 생잔율도 86%로 높게 나타났다. 월동을 했다는 것을 고려한다면 매우 좋은 성장이다. 생잔율이 높게 나타난 원인은 측정 횟수가 적어 측정에 따른 스트레스가 적었다는 점과 3차연못의 환경조건 (수질, 먹이 등)이 잉어사육에 적합했다고 사료된다. 사료공급 없이 하${\cdot}$폐수를 재활용하는 세계 여러나라의 잉어 생산량은 약 $18\;-\;l37g{\cdot}m^{-2}year^{-1}$이다. 3차연못 잉어생산량은 $125\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}year^{-1}$로 아주 양호한 생산량이다. 산업폐수가 유입되지 않은 생활하수나 축산폐수의 처리수를 이용한 양어의 고기는 생체실험결과 인체에 해가 없다고 규명되어 왔다.$^{15,16),17)$ 축산폐수를 자연생태적으로 처리하는 연못시스템의 연못에서 잉어를 사육할 경우 연못의 수질이 2차처리수준인 $BOD_5\;20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 정도를 유지하는 것이 적절하다고 사료된다. 연못시스템은 축산지수를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 양어의 수확으로 축산농가의 소득증대에도 기여할 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1947-1953
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• 2006

There have been a number of studies of methods for recycling animal wastewater to provide new bioresources. In the present work, a marine algal culture medium, designated KEP II, was prepared by adding swine waste (3% v/v) fermented by soil bacteria to a dilution of f/2 culture medium (CT). When Phaeodactylum tricornutum was grown in batch culture in KEP II, the cells lasted long at the exponential phase producing the specific growth rate and biomass; the production of total amino acids and secondary metabolites rose up to 5-fold. It also substantially enhanced the maximum quantum yield of photo system (PS) II of P. tricornutum, greatly increased the level of thylakoid membranes containing PS, and stimulated the production of pyrenoids, including enzymes for $CO_2$ fixation in chloroplasts. KEP II should improve the cost efficiency of industrial mass batch cultures and the value of microalgae for long-term preservation of fresh aquaculture feed as well as production of anticancer and antioxidant agents. Specifically, a low-cost medium for growing the diatoms of aquaculture feed will be economically advantageous.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.813-818
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• 2013

In order to understand the co-culture impact of the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, we examined the filtration rate of the sea squirt in relation of water temperature ($5-25^{\circ}C$) and body weight. The filtration rate increased in relation to body weight and water temperature, indicating a clear positive correlation with the two variables. Due to the clear positive correlation between filtration rates at each temperature groups for acceptable collinearity, each constants at regression equation was further analyzed for a unified model of filtration rate. Therefore the filtration rate of H. roretzi was estimated as: Fr (L/h/animal)=$(0.1956+0.0182T){\times}DW^{0.7978EXP(-0.0273T)}$ for water temperature in the range of $5-25^{\circ}C$. The estimated filtration rates of H. roretzi were higher than those of C. gigas in the winter season (water temperatures below $16^{\circ}C$) in condition of equal body weight. Our results indicate that H. roretzi may have an advantage over C. gigas in food competition during the winter season when the two species are co-cultured.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2023

This study investigated the genetic determinants of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance (PMAR) to quinolones and tetracycline in 106 Aeromonas strains isolated from eel (Anguilla japonica, 70 strains) and ornamental fish (36 strains) in Korea. Quinolones and tetracycline resistance phenotypes were found to be widely distributed throughout the both fish groups. However, the prevalence of qnr and tet genes was higher in ornamental fish strains than in eel strains (42.9% vs. 86.1% for qnr and 51.4% vs. 69.4% for tet). In addition, the profiling of the present genetic determinants revealed the dominance of qnrS, tetA, tetE and tetE+qnrS genes for eel strains but of tetA+qnrS qnrS and tetE+qnrS genes for ornamental fish strains. These results indicate that aquaculture and related industries could be a major threat to public health due to the possible spread of PMAR.