• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.852-865
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of menswear designers and the process of becoming a menswear designer expert through qualitative evaluation and statistical analysis. This study used ten menswear designers with more than fifteen years of experience. After going through the University P IRB approval process, a semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and individual in-depth face-to-face or video interviews were conducted from March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. From this qualitative study examining the characteristics of menswear designer job experience, four key themes were found: the competence required for the professionalization process of menswear designers; the creative sensibility of menswear designers; the uniqueness of menswear designers' work; basic education required for menswear designers. In order to find additional meaningful implications using the visual analysis technique, we examined the primary vocabulary using the word cloud technique and examined the relationship between the vocabulary using the network graph. In the follow-up study, we expect to develop a material-oriented education program for new menswear designers and to resolve the limitations of the study, targeting a small number of experienced menswear designers.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.43-68
• /
• 2020

The "arbitration" system resolves disputes through judgments on rights relations or claims between disputed parties by judging by private trial, but it does not have organizational and material bases to execute the contents of these judgments. Therefore, unless the parties succeed in voluntarily surrendering to the results of the arbitration award, the implementation of the award will be accomplished by the enforcement of the assistance of the National Court. However, unlike the court's ruling, the arbitration tribunal does not generate enforcement power from the judgment itself, and it must be filed with the court for execution. In this regard, Germany provides for arbitration proceedings in the Civil Procedure Act Volume 10. In particular, Article 1060 governs the approval and enforcement of domestic arbitral awards. Accordingly, the procedure for declaring the feasibility of domestic arbitration proceedings and the execution of forced execution are commenced. Regarding the enforceable declaration of a domestic arbitral award, it differs from the simpler process requirements compared to the procedure in a foreign arbitral award, and usually has the same effect as a final judgment between the parties without a separate approval procedure. However, the arbitration award does not constitute an enforceable power that can be implemented, but is enforced through the national court's declaration procedure. However, if there is a ground for cancellation as provided for in Article 1059 (2) of the German Civil Procedure Act, the arbitral award is canceled and the application for enforcement is dismissed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.24 no.6_2
• /
• pp.715-727
• /
• 2021

This research is to investigate the concept of Local Housing Association, and stepwise implementation procedure, through the theoretical consideration, and then to find out overall problems happening in the process of pushing ahead with Local Housing Association, including problems in the corresponding business stage, based on the cases of Local Housing Association that have been appearing in Changwon areas, Gyeongnam, and to present legal and policy directions for solutions to it, based on it. First, regarding improvement measures at the stage of promotion committee, it is necessary to introduce the system to report the establishment of promotion committee to cities, provinces, and districts under the jurisdiction of the location of overall business, for the establishment of association. In order to secure the professionalism of promotion committee, it is necessary to enforce those members to receive education and training for a certain period, and improve the system to post on Website or through public notices. Second, regarding improvement measures at the stage of the approval of establishment, Local Housing Association have difficulties in replacing members and joining new memberships, after getting the approval of the establishment, which can put the brake on business operation. Finally, in order to prevent crime actions, such as embezzlement or breach of duty, in advance, it is necessary to establish the institutional system that allows every member to check details of business fund. It is expected that this research would minimize side effects incurred by Local Housing Association System and help Local Housing Association take full institutional responsibility and play an axis of housing supply policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.9
• /
• pp.647-655
• /
• 2022

The Russian government is expanding strategic cooperation with foreign countries, including production partnerships, in order to secure civil aircraft manufacturing technology and advanced materials, with the aim of becoming the world's third-largest civil aircraft producer. In addition, the Russian government supports the development of the aircraft manufacturing industry and reorganizes the aircraft certification organization to pursue systematic aviation safety and make great efforts in international cooperation and certification activities for the export of aviation products. Establishing a cooperative system for safety and certification of civil aircraft between countries requires a process of mutual understanding and trust in the overall certification system. Therefore in this study, we wanted to analyze Russia's aircraft certification organization, law system, certification procedures to help Russia understand its aircraft certification system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.414-427
• /
• 2023

Implantable bioabsorbable combination products undergo inherent degradation and systemic absorption within the physiological environment, thereby streamlining the therapeutic regimen and obviating the imperative for invasive extraction procedures. This inherent property not only enhances patient convenience and therapeutic efficacy but also underpins a paradigm of support characterized by heightened safety parameters. Within the regulatory landscapes of Korea, the United States, and Europe, implantable bioabsorbable combination products are meticulously classified into distinct categories, either as pharmaceutical implants or as implantable medical devices, depending on their primary mode of action. This scholarly investigation systematically examines the regulatory frameworks governing implantable bioabsorbable combination products in South Korea, the United States, and Europe. Notable discrepancies across national jurisdictions emerge concerning regulatory specifics, including terminology, product classification, and product name associated with these products. The conspicuous absence of standardized approval regulations presents a formidable barrier to the commercialization of these advanced medical devices. This academic discourse passionately emphasizes the critical need for formulating and implementing a sophisticated regulatory framework capable of streamlining the product approval process, thereby paving the way for a seamless path to commercializing implantable bioabsorbable combination products.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.385-444
• /
• 2003

Current Military Airbase Law, in an effort to promote safety of military aircraft and security of military airbase, requires an administrative agency or its empowered branch to consult with the Secretary of Defense or the commander of the airbase before they issue a certain administrative approval or decision related to the installation. Although this consultation process purports itself in simplifying what can be an protracted administrative procedure, and in unifying objectives of the military and the administrative services, such procedural requirement is vulnerable inevitability of various legal problems whenever there is a conflict of interests among civil, military, government services. Nor is there sufficient studies done by academian in the area of bureaucratic issues of administrative resolution, and certainly not in the area of the military consultation procedure. This article, with such reality in mind attempts to constructively examine 1) when a consultation application is submitted, whether the discretionary power of the commander of the affected airbase is acknowledged at the outset; 2) if the content of the consultation is deemed unlawful, whether a civilian can institute an administrative lawsuit against it; 3) problems about the subject matters of the consultation requirement within the framework of military airbase law; 4) whether the issuing administrative agency must abide by and issue approval or decision in accordance with the opinion proposed by the said commander; 5) the legal problems of the remedial measure such as an order of removal, appellate review, notion to challenge authority, and etc. in cases such as administrative agency ignoring the commanders proposal or issuing final approval or decision that is inconsistent with what was consulted and agreed upon between both parties.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.192-200
• /
• 2012

For the development of genetically modified plants, it is important to verify various factors which potentially affect the risk assessment as well as to establish an experimental program to produce scientific and reliable data. However, it is a time and cost consuming process to develop GM plants as well as to prepare scientific and convincible data for government's approval. Therefore, using the transgenic hot pepper tolerant to a new CMV pathotype, we attempted to suggest few methodological procedures, such as probe saturation for southern blot analysis and RT-PCR and ELISA for expression analysis, for identification and stability evaluation of inserted gene in genetically modified plant which are required for submission for approval. Ten partially overlapped probes covering full length of inserted gene were produced. We could identify that the inserted gene was stacked as a single copy as well as no partial element existed. Also, we could identify the stability of the inserted gene stacked in hot pepper using probe saturation. In the expression analysis with RT-PCR and ELISA, we also could provide the stable expression of transcript and proteins in leaves and placenta and pericarp of fruits of the CMV-resistant hot pepper.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• no.114
• /
• pp.305-335
• /
• 2016

In the eighteenth century, the scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson, David Hume and Adam Smith share the idea that morality comes from moral sense, which is a feeling of approval or disapproval of agent's motive and action. However, they have the different views in explaining the mechanism that generates the moral sentiments. Hutcheson takes a moral sense to be a unique mental faculty that is innate to all humans, and regards it as being guaranteed by supernatural apparatus like divine Providence. Hume and Smith reject Hutcheson's concept of internal moral sense and take a stage further Hutcheson's projects of internalisation by naturalizing morality in terms of the principle of sympathy. It is widely held that Hume's moral sentimentalism is essentially similar to Adam Smith's. Though there are important points of contact between Smith's account of sympathy and Hume's, the differences are considerable. The chief of them lies in the fact that Hume grounds our approval of virtue on our recognition of its utility and convention, and Smith does not. Smith grounds our approval of virtue on the impartial spectator's judgment, i.e., conscience. Hence for Smith, the impartial spectator is the one that bridges the gap between particularity and universality and works the vehicle of practical reason. Given this, in this paper, first, I will clarify the difference between Hume's and Adam Smith's understandings of sympathy. Second, I will elucidate how they explain the process to produce the moral sentiments based on their understandings of sympathy. I shall finally explicate in what way Hume's and Smith's theories on sympathy work as moral normativity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed the factors affecting the ruling of litigation on the housing reconstruction and housing redevelopment project based on the cross analysis and logistic regression analysis. According to cross analysis result, the defensive process prerequisite group was showed significant in many variables which were past legal relation, no ownership or association member status, double lawsuit, abuse of lawsuit right·litigation trust, existence of claim-preclusion, no standing to sue·no standing to be sued, lapse of litigation period, no legal interest, no own defect of approval. On the other hand, the offensive cause of action group was found to have no significant variable. According to logistic regression result, the defensive process prerequisite group was showed significant in many variables which were past legal relation, no standing to sue·no standing to be sued, no ownership or association member status, double lawsuit, no own defect of approval, abuse of lawsuit right·litigation trust, existence of claim-preclusion. Meanwhile, the offensive cause of action group was showed significant in only one variable that was defect in relation with articles of association. Overall, it is noteworthy that the offensive cause group showed very low significant results compared with the defensive process prerequisite group.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.102-109
• /
• 2011

Under the rule of Japanese Imperialism, there were two kinds of architectural government organizations inside the Chosun(朝鮮) Governor-General which designed To(道) and Pu(府) government office buildings; one was the organization inside the central government office and the other inside the local government offices(To and Pu). By the administrative approval procedure of the Chosun Governor-General, the local architectural organization planned site and floors of the building in the schematic design stage, and in the detail design stage not only the central but sometimes the local planned the building design. The design accomplished by the local in schematic stage was believed as a kind of guideline in detail design and the local organization was able to insist their own needs to the central and to change the central's planning. Even though the central had the authority of the design, the local took part in the planning of To and Pu government office buildings at least in the schematic design stage.