• 간호행정학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this project was to develop a patient safety-focused inservice education program for surgical nurse and to test the effects of this program. Methods: Methodological designs for instruments development, a pretest-posttest and a posttest design were employed. After the education, nurses' satisfaction, confidence, usefulness and application of 137 nurses were evaluated at 15 surgical units of a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea. The education contents are 6 skill areas (infusion pump use, suction, chest tube drainage, oxygen administration, nebulizer use, insulin administration) and medication knowledge. Teaching methods were lecture, instructor demonstration, and 1:1 skill test. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test, Spearman's correlation and Stepwise regression were used. Results: Satisfaction scores for skills and medication education were 4.00-4.21 (out of 5), The more performance frequency in 6 skills, the higher score in confidence as well as in usefulness and application, and the higher satisfaction with the program, the higher score in usefulness, application, confidence, and medication knowledge. Medication knowledge improved after the education (Z=-7,757, p<.001). Significant predictors of skill confidence were application of skills in job performance, medication confidence, and career in present unit. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that systematic and continuous inservice education will improve patient safety by promoting nursing quality.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2000

본 연구는 제지슬러지퇴비의 농업적 이용을 위하여 퇴비를 사질양토에 일정 비율로 혼합한 후 인산의 가용화와 토양중의 무기 인산의 변화를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 온도와 수분에 관한 영향을 찾고자 incubation 실험을 실시하였다. Incubation 실험의 처리내용은 제지슬러지퇴비의 혼합율을 0, 2, 8및 16%의 비율로 혼합하였고, 수분조건은10과 15%로 하였으며, 온도는 4와 $30^{\circ}C$로 하였다. Incubation 실험에서 제지슬러지퇴비의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 pH값은 상승하였으며, 처리조건중 온도조건에서는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었고, 수분의 조건에서 pH변화는 없었다. Incubation 실험에서 무기인산의 분획물중 Saloid-P와 Fe-P는 혼합량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 처리량이 많았던 8과 16% 처리구에서는 존재하지 않거나 미량 존재 하였다. 시간에 따른 변화량은 낮게 나타났다. Al-P에서는 혼합량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이었다. Ca-P의 함량은 혼합량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop dietary change program items that could be used to improve dietary life of the elderly and investigate their validity. Methods: The survey was were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 21) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, One-way ANOVA and Friedman test were used to determine the priority. Results: Programs for feeding senior citizens that need to be newly established are largely divided into two fields, namely, application of welfare facilities and application of home care, classified into large, medium and sub-classes. The large class was divided into nutrition management, sanitary control, and other health management. The medium class of nutrition management was divided into nutrition education, nutrition intervention, and menu management and supply. The sub-class was composed of division into application of welfare facilities for the elderly and application of home care for the same age group. Responses showed high rate saying that all the categorized items were necessary and valid. With respect to expectation effect on a community program for old people feeding, 'yes' was 65 people (55.6%) showing very high expectation toward the question whether a community program for old people feeding are newly set up. Conclusions: It is believed that nutrition for the aged will be improved and it will be a help not only to a small facilities without obligation of employing a dietician but also to the aged at home if a community program for old people feeding are newly established.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a warmed blanket on relieving the cold discomfort after Cesarean Section delivery. A nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this quasi-experimental study. Sixty women were recruited for this study and divided by two groups: experimental and control groups. Blankets warmed to $40^{\circ}C$ were applied to the women in the experimental group for one hour and unwarmed blankets were applied to the control group. Using Abbey's shivering scales, subjective thermal sensation score, and Celsius mercury thermometer, cold discomfort was measured at four time points: 1) baseline measure (at the point the blanket was applied) 2) 15 min. later, 3) 30 min. later, and 4) 45 min. after application. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN and t-test and MANOVA were used to examine the effects of the warmed blanket for relieving cold discomfort. The results of the study are as follows. The experimental group had less cold discomfort than the control group(Wilts's value =0.580, p=0.000) at the 45 minute point after blanket application. the Experimental group reported less shivering and subjective thermal sensation than the control group. Shivering scores showed significant differences between the two groups at each of the four time points (baseline, 15 min., 30 min., and 45 min.) and subjective thermal sensation score showed significant differences between two groups at 45 minutes. after blanket application. In conclusion, the application of a warmed blanket was more effective on shivering and subjective thermal sensation than body temperature measured by objective means. Because women in this study were in the normal range of body temperature, differences in the objective body temperature between the two groups may not be sensitive enough to be detected. Even though differences in objective body temperature were not found, reduced subjective discomfort for low body temperature may be a sufficient significant finding in for nurse clinicians to utilize this method on their practice. Further studies in this area are needed to support these findings.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2016

Soil respiration has been recognized as a key factor of the change of organic matter and fertility due to the carbon and nitrogen mineralization. In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil respiration on the light fraction-C and inorganic N content depending on temperature in soil applied with organic matter. Soil respiration was calculated by using total $CO_2$ flux released from soil applied with $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost and rye for 8 weeks incubation at 15, 25, $35^{\circ}C$ under incubation test. After incubation test, light fraction and inorganic N content were investigated. Rye application dramatically increased soil respiration with increasing temperature. $Q_{10}$ value of rye application was 1.69, which was higher 27% than that of rice straw compost application. Light-C and $NO_3-N$ contents were negatively correlated to soil respiration. Light-C in rye application more decreased than that in rice straw compost with temperature levels. These results indicate that temperature sensitivity of soil respiration could affect soil organic mater content and N availability in soil due to carbon availability. Also, light fraction would be useful indicator to evaluate decomposition rate of organic matter in soil under a short-term test.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.40-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand the teaching effects after conducting ASI module in the open inquiry activities of the elementary science class. in order to understand the effects of ASI(Authentic Scientific Inquiry) module application using science research notes in open inquiry activities to students' science research ability. The results of this study were as follow. First, the after test results were covariance-analyzed to be the effects to science process skills were statistically significant in 0.5 significance level. Second, in the covariance analysis of the after test of the study group and the comparative group, the effects to scientific creative problem solving skills were statistically significant in 0.5 significance level. Third, the covariance analysis of the after test in the effects of ASI module application using science notebooks to students' scientific attitude revealed that the two groups' average difference was statistically significant in 0.5 significance level. In conclusion, application of the ASI module using science notebooks had a positive effect on improvements of students' science process skills, science creative problem solving ability and scientific attitude. Therefore, the ASI module using science notebooks is hopefully to be provided as an effective instructive strategy in the open inquiry activities courses in school in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.380-388
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• 1989

To evaluate the costs of the hypertension screening program of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation, the records of the screening examinations were used. The sample size was 49,983 of the 906,554 people insured by the Corporation and was obtained by two-stage stratification random sampling. The alternatives for efficiency of the screening program, which were divided into three categories : modification of the screening test package, application of other hypertension diagnostic criteria, and selective approach of tested groups by age, were evaluated according to the cost per patient detected. The results of this study were as follows In the hypertension screening system, the cost per patient detected was Won 30,883. The most nonsensitive test for hypertension detection was ophthalmoscopy, which was examined during the second stage of screening. If the ophthalmoscope examination was excluded, olny one person was not detected, which was 0.2% of detected persons, and the cost per patient detected decreased to Won 28,098. The most efficient modification of the screening test package was measurement of blood pressure through the first and second stages of screening. The cost per patient detected by this modification was Won 24,408. The application of other diagnostic critera, which were more restricted criteria, increased the cost per patient detected by 3.7%-6.7%. The cost per patient detected were Won 170,582 for persons less than 39 years old, Won 20,032 for persons 40 to 59 years old, and Won 8,675 for persons 60 years old and over. In conclusion, the best alternative suggested with respect to efficiency and practical application excluded the ophthalmoscope examination of second stage screening and restricted the target population to persons greater than 40 years old. The application of this alternative decreased 54.9% of the screening costs and the cost per patient detected was Won 15,222. This study was limited in that measurement of effectivenes was not of the ultimate goal of screening, which is decreasing morbidity and mortality, but was of disease detection as the short-term objective.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제2권10호
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• pp.679-690
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• 2013

사용자가 원하는 프로그램을 자유롭게 설치/삭제 할 수 있는 특징을 가진 스마트폰의 등장으로 인해, 수많은 개발자들이 스마트폰 애플리케이션 개발 시장에 뛰어들면서 좋은 애플리케이션을 빨리 개발하려는 경쟁이 더욱 치열해지고 있다. 그러나 안드로이드 환경은 애플리케이션 개발 및 배포 절차가 간단하여 누구나 쉽게 개발에 참여할 수 있어서 충분히 검증되지 않은 애플리케이션들이 배포될 가능성이 높다. 따라서 적은 부담으로 안드로이드 기반의 애플리케이션을 검증할 수 있는 체계적인 방법이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 안드로이드 애플리케이션을 위한 GUI 기반의 테스트 시나리오 자동 생성 방법을 제시한다. 자동화된 테스트 시나리오 생성을 통해 테스트에 소요되는 시간을 줄임으로써 테스트 단계에서의 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

이방성 전도필름(ACF) 접합에 사용되는 니켈 범프를 무전해 및 전해 도금법으로 제작한 다음, 이 범프들의 기계적 특성과 충격안전성을 압축시험, 범프전단시험, 낙하충격시험을 통하여 연구하였다. Nano indenter를 이용한 압축시험에서 얻은 하중-변형량 데이터를 변환시켜 니켈범프의 응력-변형량 곡선을 구하였다. 전해 니켈 범프는 무전해 니켈 범프에 비해 매우 작은 탄성한계응력과 탄성계수를 나타냈었다. 무전해 니켈 범프의 탄성한계응력과 탄성계수가 각각 600-800MPa, $9.7{\times}10^{-3}MPa/nm$인 반면 전해 니켈 범프의 경우에는 각각 70MPa, $7.8{\times}10^4MPa/nm$이었다. 범프전단 시험에서 무전해 니켈 범프는 소성변형이 거의 일어나지 않고 낮은 전단하중에서 범프가 패드 층에서 튕기듯이 떨어져 나간 반면 전해 니켈 범프는 큰 소성변형을 일으키며 범프가 잘려나갔으며 높은 전단하중을 보여주었다. 낙하충격시험 결과 ACF 플립칩 방법으로 본딩한 무전해 및 전해 범프 모두 높은 충격 신뢰성을 보였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objectives of this study are to evaluate moisture sensitivity of various asphalt mixtures and to suggest an alternate method for the dynamic immersion test, which is used to determine the application of anti-stripping agent, by analyzing bond strength. METHODS : The bond strength of various asphalt mixtures such as hot mix asphalt, warm mix asphalt, and polymer-modified asphalt was evaluated by the ABS test. In order to characterize moisture sensitivity at different temperatures of the mixtures, the ABS test was conducted at $-10^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, and $54^{\circ}C$ under both dry and wet conditions. The concept of the bond strength ratio was applied for objective moisture sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the bond strength characteristic was compared to the dynamic immersion test to suggest an alternate method to determine the application of anti-stripping agent. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Overall, the polymer-modified asphalt demonstrates the highest bond strength characteristic regardless of moisture condition and temperature. The bond strength characteristic displays a highly reliable linear relationship from $5^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$, and the relationship could be used to predict bond strength at any intermediate temperature. Based on the analysis of bond strength and retained asphalt ratio, the bond strength value of 1254 kPa could be applied as a criterion for anti-stripping agent.