• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.67-77
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social self and body image on the appearance management behavior. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 419 male and female college students in Jecheon and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, regression and correlation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Body image classified into four factors- emotional, cognitive, behavioral body image and interest in weight. 2. There existed correlation between social self and body image. According to gender, there existed significant differences in social self, body image and appearance management behavior. 3. College students classified into two groups- high and low social self group according to the degree of social self. Two groups showed statistically significant differences in body image and appearance management behavior. 4. In male and female groups, social self and body image influenced to the various appearance management behavior according to gender. The most important appearance management behavior which was affected by social self and body image was diet.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze and categorize the factors of appearance management motivation of male and female college students in Busan. It also aimed to analyze the differences in their clothing behavior and make-up behavior. The data were analyzed by Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and multi-response analysis. The results of this study are as follows: There were four factors including self -development, emphasis on the physical appearance, individuality-seeking, and sexual appealing. These subjects were categorized into three different types of groups: social-self-management type, passive appearance management type, and individuality-seeking type. In terms of the differences in the clothing purchase behavior of the physical appearance management motivation group, there were significant differences in the criteria of their selections for clothing. The most important factor was the design, followed by the price and the fabrics. The differences in cosmetics selection were investigated in order to analyze the differences in their make-up behavior of physical appearance management motivation group. The results showed that the quality, the price, and the manufacturing country were considered as the most important criteria for their selection of cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.4 s.163
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• pp.551-562
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sex role identities on male consumers' appearance management behavior. Recently, heavy marketing efforts have been made by the cosmetics and apparel industries to cater to male consumers who seem to be increasingly interested in their appearances. This study intended to identify the relationship between male consumers' appearance management tendencies and their sex role identities and benefits sought in clothing. A survey data was collected from 321 men aged between 20 and 40 and was analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that not only the male consumers' perceived masculinity and femininity but also the discrepancies between their ideal and perceived masculinity/femininity were related to the benefit they sought in clothing. Also, individuals who identify themselves as masculine (rather than feminine) were more likely to be engaged in appearance management practices. However, a greater portion of their appearance management behavior was explainable by their pursuit of fashionability, conformity, and individuality in clothing. This seems to indicate these male consumers consider appearance management primarily as a fashion trend.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2015

With an increasing number of at-risk adolescents, the environmental and personal risk factors that have been building up inside them as a result of not feeling protected at school or at home are manifested externally as anxiety, depression, rage, complexes, lethargy, violence, and alienation. This study intends to help at-risk adolescents to discover what they are good at, nurture their dreams, and help them to develop themselves through various culture and arts experience programs so that they can have better self-esteem through the wholesome understanding of themselves. The objective of this study, in paticular, is to help young girls who are interested in the physical appearance to develop higher self-esteem through self-management and creative programs for related to fashion, beauty, culture, and the arts. A questionnaire survey on the appearance management behavior, the recognition of image, and the request for participation in a fashion styling program. It was prepared based on the appearance management behaviors during the adolescence, body image, and lifestyle analyzed with past studies. The characteristics of appearance management during adolescence were examined. An the appearance management program was developed that centered on yhe major variables, and a fashion and appearance management activity program was developed that centered on the appearance management techniques preferred by young girls based on the result of analysis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.192-206
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the effects of demographic variables, stress, appearance management behavior, and family environment on self-esteem with the subjects of high school students with serious stress and great interest in appearance among the adolescences. This research was conducted during June, 2012, and the research method employed was the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the contents about self-esteem, stress, appearance management behavior, and demographical variables. Regarding the adolescents' stress, generally, influential variables include relationship with parents and friends, school records, or school life satisfaction. And the adolescences' self-esteem was the crucial variable to indicated socio-psychological adaptation. And it was related with stress or appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

This study compares the expected values of appearance management for the suit buying behavior of men in two age groups: (20s-30s and 40s-50s) to investigate the effect of male consumers' expected values in regards to appearance management on the purchase behavior of men's suits between two generations. A survey was carried out with male consumers between the ages of 20 and 50; a total of 135 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, factor analysis, a reliability test, an independent samples t-test, MANOVA, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) From a result of the factor analysis on male consumers' expected value of appearance management and the information sources and purchase evaluative criteria for buying men's suits, each of three variance assessments clearly showed factorial structures. 2) There were significant differences between those in their 20s-30s and those in their 40s-50s in terms of male consumers' expected values of appearance management, their information sources, and their purchase evaluative criteria when buying men's suits. 3) As a result of looking at the differences in the effects of expected values of appearance management on men's suit buying behavior according to age (generation), the younger generation in this study showed that men's suit purchasing tendency was affected by the managing appearance factor for internal reasons such as enjoyment and self-satisfaction. On the other hand, the assessment of the older generation revealed that appearance management for external reasons such as showing social power, good human relationships, and conformity influenced their suit purchase behaviors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.897-907
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to classify consumption values and to examine the effects of consumption values on appearance management behaviors. Questionnaires data was obtained through adults over 20 years old of age (N=478) in Gyeonggi-do, Daegu and Kyungpook regions. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA were applied. The results of this study are as follows. First, consumption values are composed of three factors such as differential value, material value and practical value. Appearance management behaviors are identified such as surgery/skin care, clothing care, weight training and hair care. The weight training in appearance management behaviors is the most preferred behavior. Second, the results of regression analysis are like as follows: The effects of consumption on plastic surgery/skin care are explained by the differential value, material value and practical value(-). On weight training and hair care, the differential value and material value have positively significant effects. The differential value has significant effects on all over appearance management behaviors. Third, there are signigicant differences in consumption values and appearance management behaviors according to demographic variables. The single, females in 20s and 30s with higher monthly income and payment have higher differential value and lower practical value. The single and female in 20s and 30s were more involved in appearance management behavior.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.155-168
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• 2023

This study focused on working women's perceptions of social attractiveness and their appearance management behavior. Social attractiveness is defined as individuals' achieved attractiveness which can be expressed through social expressive power or social skills rather than innate physical appearance. This study was empirically conducted through questionnaires distributed to 200 working women in South Korea. According to the results, the participants recognized four factors constituting social attractiveness: physical appearance management, business manners, social skills, and sexual attractiveness. When they were asked to assess themselves on the same measures, these characteristics were further classified into six factors: business manners, feminine attractiveness, fashion sense, sociability, communication skills, and active appearance management. Their self-perceived social attractiveness was found to be influenced by all these factors in the order of feminine attractiveness, business manners, sociability, communication skills. Based on the self-presentation tendencies, the participants were classified into various groups, including the passive management group, daily life-oriented management group, work-oriented management group, neutral group, and active management group. The relative importance of the social attractiveness components was found to differ by group, although working women in all groups rated weight management higher than appearance management behavior. This study has implications in that it facilitates an understanding of the concept of social attractiveness and also provides a foundation base in terms of beauty consulting and marketing for working women to improve their social attractiveness.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to classify individualism-collectivism orientation into groups and analyze the difference of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management by the groups. Questionnaires were administered to 376 adults in 20's and 30's living in Deagu and Kyungbook area through June 10~June 20, 2013. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, t-test, and $X^2$-test were used for data analysis. Survey method was used to collect data for this study and the measures such as individualism-collectivism orientation, fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management consisted of 5-point Likerties scale. Individualism-collectivism orientation was categorized into collectivism, competition consciousness, love of family, and individual focus. Fashion leadership were found as opinion leadership, double leader, and innovator. Expected values of appearance management were found as pleasure/individuality, other consciousness, and conformity. This indicates that women showed high opinion leader, double leader, and innovator of fashion leadership and pleasure/individuality, and conformity of expected values of appearance management while men care more about competition consciousness, love of family, and individuality focus of individualism-collectivism orientation. Individualism-collectivism orientation showed significant correlation with the sub-variable of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management. Individualism-collectivism orientation were classified into three groups such as competition collectivism, individuality, and low individual-collectivism. A test of significance in groups was determined by demographic variables like gender, age, occupancy and monthly income. Groups showed significant difference in fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2008

The author of this study would like to consider the influence that socio-cultural attitudes to the appearance offemale college students have on body image and satisfaction. The results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the result of the analysis of the relevant factors of socio-cultural attitudes on outward appearance of women college students, three factors which are named "Internalization", "Awareness" and "Non-confirmity" have been drawn out: 2. According to the result of the factor analysis for the evaluation of the behavioral figure images of women college students, three factors which are named "Figure Management", "Weight Management" and "Figure Valuation" have been drawn out: 3. Socio-cultural attitudes to appearance have correlation with body image, BMI and self-satisfaction of body and appearance: 4. According to consideration of the result of the study of the Influence that socio-cultural attitudes to the appearance have on physical satisfactionof each physical part, it is showed that they have managed their physical weight according to the satisfaction degree of weight and other circumference items: 5. Socio-cultural attitudes to appearance have high correlation with appearance management and weight management.