• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2004

For the development of the alternative control system against the major forest pests, Beauveria spp. F-101, isolated from a dead larva of Thecodiplosis japonensis, was selected because this isolate showed high pathogenicities against T. japonensis and Acantholyda parki. Beauveria spp. F-101 had irregular clustered conidio-phores and conidia borne on a distinctive apical zigzag extension, and it showed typical characteristic of the genus, Beauveria in morphology. For molecular based-identification, the ribosomal ITS region of Beauveria spp. F-101 was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and cloned into pGEM- T Easy vector. The amplified PCR product was 569 bp in size and completely sequenced. The similarities of the cloned ITS sequence were 99 ％ and 97％ to those of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, respectively. In comparison to other species among the genus Beauveria, the ITS region of Beauveria spp. F-101 showed a similarity of 95％ to B. amorpha, 95％ to B. tenella, 89％ to B. vermiconia and 69％ to B. alba, respectively. In addition, in comparison to different genus, it had 95％ similarities to Cordyceps militaris and 91％ to Paecilomyces tenuipes. Accordingly, the current result suggests that Beauveria spp. F-101 was a variant of B. bassiana and it seems to be a new isolate considering sequence variation in ITS region.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

Purpose: The mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomical structure during local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mental nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Thus, understanding the anatomic features of the mandibular canal and accessory mental foramen in Korean could contribute to the surgical anatomic assessment. This study was to elucidate frequency, position and course of AMF (accessory mental foramen) in Korean using 3D cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The CBCT (Conbeam computed tomography) DICOM data (Alphard, Asahi, Japan) from 540 patients in korean were analyzed. We investigated images of 3D CBCT using Ondemand (CyberMed, Korea) software program on the incidence and anatomical characteristics of accessory foramen. Results: The accessory mental foramina were found in 17 patients. Accessory mental foramina exist predominantly in the apical area of the second premolar and posteroinferior area of the mental foramen. The accessory branches of the mandibular canal showed common characteristics in the course of gently sloping posterosuperior direction in the buccal surface area. The size of most AMF was obviously smaller than that of MF. Conclusion: We could identify frequency, position and course of AMF (accessory mental foramen) by the anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen using 3D cone beam CT in Korean.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 1996

An efficient system of somatic embryogenesis was established for the red pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Nokkwang) usign immature zygotic embryos. The size of the immature zygotic embryos and the concentrations of 2, 4-D and sucrose were found to be critical. Somatic embryos were induced via callus or directly from explants and regenerated into plantlets successfully. When zygotic embryos 1~2 mm long were cultured on the modified Murashige-Skoong (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D for 3 weeks in the dark, somatic embryos were induced directly from the apical region of zygotic embryos with the highest frequency being approximately 90%. To mature the somatic embryos, ABA and an ethylene inhibitor AgNO3 were used. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (25% in each) resulted at 2$\mu$M ABA or 20$\mu$M AgNO3 treatment at rates 3.7 and 1.6 times control, respectively. Shoots developed mainly from the cotyledonary node on CoCl2-containing medium, and from the upper side of cotyledon on medium containing AgNO3 while the embryos on the control medium produced shoots from both the cotyledonary node and the upper region of cotyledons both at frequencies of 50%. Indirect somatic embryogenesis via callus was induced at an efficiency of approximately 10% with zygotic embryos 3~4 mm long cultured on MS medium containing 5~10 mg/L, 2, 4-D for 5~7 weeks under a continuous light condition. The plants regenerated from the somatic embryos were morphologically normal. Using scanning electron microscopy, the direct and indirect somatic embryogeneses were observed to follow the globular, heart and torpedo stages, similar to zygotic embryogenesis. Also, suspensors appeared in the early globular and ovoid-shaped late globular embryos during indirect somatic embryogenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.230-234
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• 1988

Ganoderma lucidum, a divine mushroom, beared the nonbasidiocarpus basidiospore without the normal basidiocarp. The fungus formed the basidial stroma from the aerial mycelium on agar media, and the basidium was developed from apical cells of the mycelium on the surface of the basidial stroma. One to four basidiospores were observed on a basidium. The nonbasidiocarpous basidiospores formed on the basidial stroma were similar to the normal basidiospores in morphology, although the nonbasidiocarpus basidiospores were slightly smaller in size. However, the number of hollow on the spore surface was remarkably smaller than that of the normal spore. The formation of nonbasidiocarpous basidiosproes was influenced by the genetic factor and the environmental factors such as light, temperature and ventilation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.45 no.6 s.457
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• pp.362-369
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hybrid instrumentation method with ProTaper and ProFile on the change of root canal area and distance from the canal to the root surface after canal shaping. The mesial canals of twenty extracted mandibular first molars having $10-20^{\circ}\Delta$ curvature were scanned using X-ray microcomputed tomography (XMCT)-scanner before root canals were instrumented. They were divided into four groups (n=10 canals ter group). In Group 1, root canals were instrumented by the step-back technique with stainless steel K-Flexofile after coronal flaring. The remainders were instrumented by the crown-down technique with, ProTaper system (Group 2), ProFile (Group 3) or ProTaper (Group 4). All canals were prepared up to size 25 at the end-point of preparation and scanned again. Pre- and post-operative cross-sectional images of 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apical foramen were compared. For each level, change of cross-sectional canal are and distance to the nearest external root surface was calculated using Adobe Photoshop 6.0 and image software program. In the change of cross-sectional area, Group 4 was less than Group 2 at 3 mm and 5 mm level (p<0.05). In the difference of the distance from the canal to the root surface after canal shaping, Group 4 was least among the other groups at 7 mm level (p<0.05). According to the results, the methods using ProFile or K file only and the hybrid instrumentation technique using ProTaper and ProFile are more appropriate methods of canal preparation than ProTaper system for narrow of curved canals.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2003

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a very rare subtype. Although it has no clinical differences from usual ductal carcinoma of the breast, it should be categorized as a subtype of breast carcinoma because the cells of apocrine carcinoma reveal characteristic abundant eosinophillic cytoplasms with intraductal apical snouting as well as round or oval nuclei and central macronucleoli. On fine needle aspiration cytology, the cells of apocrine carcinoma have a lot of similarity to benign or reactive apocrine cells of the breast. Therefore, it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma from mammary neoplasms with similar cytologic findings unless the subtle cytologic differences are recognized. We report the cytologic and histologic findings of a case of apocrine carcinoma in the breast of a 40-year-old female patient. After the fine needle aspiration cytology, she received the lumpectomy and lymph node dissection. The cellularity was moderate to high. The cytoplasmic borders of tumor cells of three-dimensional clusters were relatively distinctive, and the cytoplasm was abundant, eosinophilic, and granular. Although the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was low, the nuclei of the cells were variable in size and shape with prominent macronucleoli. Histologically, it was a typical invasive apocrine carcinoma, showing numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes and mitochondriae on electron microscopy.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1997

Glyphosate had no effect on 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSP-synthase) biosynthesis per se. But it inhibited clealy the activity of EPSP-synthase. EPSP-synthase seemed to be synthesized as a higher molecular weight(54 kDa) presusor protein and to be transported into plastid. The apparent molecular weight of mature EPSP-synthase in plastid is 45 kDa. Thus, the molecular size of transit peptide appeared to be about 9 kDa. The etiolation for 48 h after glyphosate application did not exhibit the inhibition of translocating level of EPSP-synthase across chloroplast envelope in actively growing meristematic leaves. But even when the plants were etiolated 2 hr after glyphosate treatment, a complete inhibition did not occur at least within 12 hr, i.e. 2 hr after beginning light period, suggesting that EPSP-synthase biosynthesis appeared to be not completely light dependent and the level of EPSP-synthase translocation to chloroplast could be controlled by an unknown regulatory mechanism of light dependent herbicidal effect of glyphosate.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.287-293
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of fertilization process and embryo development of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix) to provide basic data needed in its breeding. A. membranaceus showed poor seed setting when self-pollination was induced. When artificial pollination was induced, it showed less than 5% bearing in late August, but more than 13% bearing from the beginning of September 4th. The flower size was about $17.0\;mm{\times}4.0\;mm$ and pistils and stamens had the same length of 15.0mm at flowering stage. When self-pollination or cross-pollination was induced, pollen tubes extended to an ovule. While pollen tube was extending to the ovule, reproductive cell split and formed two male generative nuclei and a vegetative nucleus. In the case of self-pollination, fertilized embryo was not observed, but was formed in the case of cross-pollination. A. membranaceus is noted to have zygote self-incompatibility. In the case of cross-pollination, fertilization was observed in 6 to 8 h after pollination, where apical cell derivatives split after fertilization. A spherical pro-embryo was then formed three days after fertilization. The seed attained full shape with a seed coat showing its distinctive contour 15 days after fertilization. Thus, A. membranaceus in Leguminosae family is found to have zygote selfincompatibility although its flower shape is shown to match the self-compatibility plant.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.25.1-25.5
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• 2019

Background: Brain abscess is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to complications during a neurosurgical procedure, direct cranial trauma, or the presence of local or distal infection. Infection in the oral cavity can also be considered a source of brain abscess. Case presentation: A 45-year-old male patient was transported with brain abscess in the subcortical white matter. Navigation-guided abscess aspiration and drainage was performed in the right mid-frontal lobe, but the symptoms continued to worsen after the procedure. A panoramic radiograph showed alveolar bone resorption around the maxillary molars. The compromised maxillary molars were extracted under local anesthesia, and antibiotics were applied based on findings from bacterial culture. A brain MRI confirmed that the three brain abscesses in the frontal lobe were reduced in size, and the patient's symptoms began to improve after the extractions. Conclusion: This is a rare case report about multiple uncontrolled brain abscesses treated by removal of infection through the extraction of maxillary molars with odontogenic infection. Untreated odontogenic infection can also be considered a cause of brain abscess. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the possibility that untreated odontogenic infection can lead to serious systemic inflammatory diseases such as brain abscess. Through a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment, physicians should be encouraged to consider odontogenic infections as a potential cause of brain abscesses.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2008

Purpose: Sudoriferous cyst usually occurs on the face, and especially on the ear and scalp as a solitary cystic mass. It is derived from the sweat glands of Moll and results from the obstruction of excretory ducts with the retention of fluid. In the eyelid, it is usually seen as small and firm vesicle arising at the eyelid margin. If it rarely occurs on the orbit, it develops from orbital ectopic epithelial cells predetermined to form glands of Moll. We experienced a case of sudoriferous cyst on eyelid which was adhered to levator aponeurosis and it disappeared when patient closed eyes. Methods: A 55-year-old women suffered palpable mass on left upper eyelid without pain that had been present for 25 years. Orbital computed tomographic finding showed a oval mass($2.1{\times}0.6{\times}0.6cm$ size) inside upper eyelid and it invaded the orbit. The mass was completely excised under general anesthesia and histopathological examination was followed. Results: Cystic mass was purple color and it was located in superiorly to tarsal plate. The mass was adhered to levator aponeurosis and levator palpabrae superioris muscle between the fat layer of post-orbital septum and the Whitnall ligament. The mass was completely excised without injury of aponeurosis and muscle. Microscopically, the lesion was a solitary cyst lined by two layers of cuboidal epithelial cells and innermost cells displaying eosinophilic cytoplasm with apical expansions. Conclusion: Sudoriferous cyst usually occurs on eyelid margin. But in this case, cystic mass occurred on upper eyelid and disappeared when patient closed the eyes because it was partially adhered to levator aponeurosis and levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Therefore, if sudoriferous cyst occurs on eyelid, it is necessary to excised the mass carefully.