• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to investigate the bond strength properties of antiwashout underwater concrete. The arrangement of bars (vertical bar, horizontal upper bar, horizontal lower bar), condition of casting and curing (fresh water, sea water), type of fine aggregate (river sand, blended sand(river sand : sea sand = 1:1), and proportioning strength of concrete (210, 240, 270, 300, 330kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$)are chosen as the experimental parameters. The test results(ultimate bond stress) are compared with bond and development provisions of the ACI Building Code(ACI 318-89) and proposed equations from previous research(which was proposed by Orangun et. al). The experimental results show that ultimate bond stress of antiwashout underwater concrete which arranged bar on the horizontal lower, used the blend sand, and was cast and cured in the fresh water are higher that other conditions. The ultimate bond stress were increased in proportion to {{{{( SQRT {fcu }) }}3 2. From this study, rational analytic formula for the ultimate bond stress are to be from compressive strength of concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.342-349
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristic change of antiwashout underwater concrete with variation of blend ratio of sea sand and fine aggregate percentage through experimental researches. According to the experiments results, when sea sand are mixed in antiwashout underwater concrete mixture by about 40% per total fine aggregate, in fine aggregate percentage of 40%, it is found that the flowability fit and the compressive strength is higher others.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

This experimental study was carried out to estmate the effects of mixing dosage rate and blain on the compressive strength properties of antiwashout underwater concrete admixed with finely ground granulated blast furnace slag. The experimental parameters are slag contents(0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60%). As a result the compressive strength have a high correlation with slag blended ratio. Thus, it is possible to calculate the modulus of modified age using compressive strength of antiwashout underwater concrete blended with slag.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

This paper describes the effects of fly ash replacement on the sulfate resistance of antiwashout underwater concrete which was replaced cement by fly ash from 0% to 50%. and the experimental works were performed on sulfate acceleration test of 5%$Na_2SO_4$ solution to find out the variance of length and weight of specimens. The experimental result shows that the length of specimens of antiwashout underwater concrete age at 180day was highly increased compare with normal concrete by acceleration test. but the mixture which was replaced 50% of fly ash shows reduction of the expansion, weight various, compare with normal concrete specimen. accordingly by using fly ash as admixture in antiwashout underwater concrete in sea environment, it will makes more durable for the attacks of sulfate by sea water.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2002

Nowadays, antiwashout underwater concrete is widely used for constructing underwater concrete structures but they, especially placed in marine environment, can be easily attacked by chemical ions such as SO$\^$2-/$\_$4/ Cl$\^$-/ and Mg$\^$2＋/, so the quality and capability of concrete structures go down. In this paper, to solve and improve those matters, flyash and GGBFS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) were used as partial replacements for ordinary portland cement. As results of experiments for fundamental properties of antiwashout underwater concrete containing 10, 20, 30％ of flyash and 40, 50, 60 ％ of GGBFS respectively, setting time, air contents, suspended solids and pH value were satisfied with the "Standard Specification of Antiwashout Admixtures for Concrete" prescribed by KSCE, and also slump flow, efflux time and elevation of head were more improved than that of control concrete. From the compressive strength test, it was revealed that the antiwashout underwater concrete containing mineral admixtures(flyash and GGBFS) is more effective for long term compressive strength than control concrete. An attempt to know how durable when they are under chemical attack has also been done by immersing in chemical solutions that were x2 artificial seawater, 5 ％ sulphuric acid solution, 10％, sodium sulfate solution and 10％ calcium chloride solution. After immersion test for 91days, XRD analysis was carried out to investigate the reactants between cement hydrates and chemical ions and some crystalline such as gypsum ettringite and Fridel′s salt were confirmed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.345-350
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• 2000

The objective of this study makes investigation into the effect on the properties of underwater antiwashout concrete. which is followed by mixing time and mixing quantity. There is an tendency that (the compressive strength of underwater antiwashout concrete made and cured in fresh water or sea water) is increase when dry mixing time, mixing quantity, total mixing time is increase as unit weight grows. The difference of compressive strength (in case of no dry mixing time and 60 second) is averagely 46.8kgf/㎠ in the fresh water and 35.6kgf/㎠ in sea water. it's considered that dry mixing is dispersed by underwater antiwashout admixture.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.447-450
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• 2000

Recently, antiwashout underwater concrete has used for underwater structure such as high strength massive concrete structures. When, concrete is placed in seawater the quality and durability of concrete could be doubt to especcially because the amount of cement placed in the concrete can be diminished by flowing seawater. In this study, antiwashout underwater concrete mixed with mineral admixtures for improvement of properties was placed in air, water, and salt water. Half-cell potential and current density was of specimens which made under different conditions measured for estimating corrosion degree. The experimental results demostrate that corrosion resistantce in saltwater was little and mineral admixtures improved properties of concrete.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1998

This paper is to investigate the Fluidity of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete containing Fly Ash. The results of study are concluded as follows: the increase in Slump Flow value did not happen in the plain concrete which was replaced cement by Fly Ash; however, the maximum value could reach in the replacement of 30% of Fly Ash by weight of cement in the Fly Ash replaced concrete. On the condition of Fly Ash-Antiwashout Underwater Concrete in expecting 50 cm of the Slump Flow, it was necessary that the usage amount of Superplasticizer be around 1% of unit Binder, and 1.5% in 60 cm of the Slump Flow, respoectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.963-969
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 수중불분리혼화제로서 메칠셀룰로스계를 사용하였고 자체 개발한 멜라민유동화제의 수중불분리콘크리트에 대한 사용량을 5, 7, 9, 11 kg/$m^3$으로 첨가량을 달리하여 slump folw, flow loss, 응결사간, 탁도 및 pH, 압축강도, 수중/기중 압축강도비를 실험한 결과 수중불분리콘크리트의 물성이나 경제성등을 고려할 때 수중불분리콘크리트에서의 멜라민유동화제의 사용량은 약 9 kg/$m^3$인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3704-3712
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• 2012

최근, 장대교량의 해상기초 구조물에 수중불분리성 콘크리트의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 그러나, 해상기초 구조물에 사용되는 수중불분리성 콘크리트의 공사기간을 단축시키기 위해서는 이전의 수중불분리성 콘크리트보다 유동성을 크게 개선시키는 고유동 수중불분리성 콘크리트의 제조가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 해상기초 구조물에 사용되는 고유동 수중불분리성 콘크리트의 최적배합비를 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 단위결합재량 550, 600kg/$m^3$ 각각에 대해서 수중불분리성 혼화제 첨가량별로 고로슬래그 미분말을 혼입한 콘크리트를 제작하였다. 제작된 콘크리트의 슬럼프 플로, 응결시간, 수중분리저항성 및 압축강도 비와 같은 품질성능을 관련 규격에 따라 평가하였다. 결국, 고로슬래그 미분말을 혼입한 고유동 수중불분리성 콘크리트는 관련 규격을 만족시키는 수중불분리성 혼화제의 최소 첨가량이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.